Journal of Hepatology最新文献

{"title":"Re: Differential HBV RNA and HBcrAg patterns in untreated patients with chronic hepatitis delta","authors":"James Lok, Zillah Cargill, Mark Anderson, Gavin Cloherty, Ivana Carey","doi":"10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.024","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Authors' contributions</h2><strong>Concept and design:</strong> James Lok, Ivana Carey. <strong>Data collection:</strong> James Lok, Zillah Cargill, Ivana Carey, Mark Anderson. <strong>Writing of the article:</strong> James Lok. <strong>Statistical analysis:</strong> James Lok, Ivana Carey. <strong>Critical revision of the manuscript:</strong> Mark Anderson, Gavin Cloherty, Ivana Carey. <strong>Supervision:</strong> Ivana Carey.</section></section><section><section><h2>Data availability statement</h2>Data supporting the findings of this study have been provided in the article.</section></section><section><section><h2>Financial support</h2>James Lok is funded by an MRC Clinical Research Training Fellowship (Grant number: MR/Y00168/1). In addition, the study was supported by research and development funding from Abbott Laboratories.</section></section><section><section><h2>Declaration of Competing Interest</h2>Mark Anderson and Gavin Cloherty are employees and shareholders of Abbott Laboratories. James Lok, Zillah Cargill and Ivana Carey have no conflicts of interest to declare.</section></section>","PeriodicalId":15888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hepatology","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Applying MASLD Risk Algorithms in Pregnancy: A Call for Adaptation and Inclusion","authors":"Nina Rodriguez, Cecilia Katzenstein, Marcia Lange, Jeanette Rios, Tatyana Kushner","doi":"10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.019","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Authors' contributions</h2>All authors and collaborators contributed to this letter’s conception. Material preparation and data collection were performed by NR, CK, ML, and JR. The first draft of the manuscript was written by NR, with CK providing revisions. TK provided supervision, resources, and led the editing process. TK provided details on clinical decision making. All authors provided revisions on previous versions. All authors read and approved the final letter.</section></section><section><section><h2>Financial support</h2>TK is supported by the NIH NHLBI K23HL16163486 award. The other authors received no financial support to produce this report.</section></section><section><section><h2>Declaration of Competing Interest</h2>TK has research support from Gilead. TK has advisory roles in Gilead, Abbvie, Ipsen, Eiger, Mirum, and GSK. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest that pertain to this work.Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure forms for further details.</section></section>","PeriodicalId":15888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hepatology","volume":"172 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Personalized survival benefit estimation from living donor liver transplantation with a novel machine learning method for confounding adjustment","authors":"Anirudh Gangadhar, Bima J. Hasjim, Xun Zhao, Yingji Sun, Joseph Chon, Aman Sidhu, Elmar Jaeckel, Nazia Selzner, Mark S. Cattral, Blayne A. Sayed, Michael Brudno, Chris McIntosh, Mamatha Bhat","doi":"10.1016/j.jhep.2025.04.040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2025.04.040","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3>Many clinical questions, such as estimating survival differences between living donor (LDLT) and deceased donor liver transplantation (DDLT), are limited to observational studies and cannot be answered through randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Thus, we developed Decision Path Similarity Matching (DPSM), a novel machine learning (ML)-based algorithm that simulates RCT-like conditions to mitigate confounders in observational data.<h3>Methods</h3>We conducted a retrospective study of adult (≥18-years-old) LT candidates between 2002-2023 from the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) database. A Random Forest (RF) classifier was trained to predict transplant type from clinicodemographic characteristics. After hyperparameter tuning, decision paths for individual patients were extracted and tree-averaged Hamming distances (<span><span style=\"\"><math></math></span><span style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block;\" tabindex=\"0\"></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math></math></script></span>) were computed for every LDLT-DDLT decision path pair. One-to-one matching was algorithmically performed between LDLT and DDLT patients based on minimizing total <span><span style=\"\"><math></math></span><span style=\"font-size: 90%; display: inline-block;\" tabindex=\"0\"></span><script type=\"math/mml\"><math></math></script></span> across all patient pairs. Random Survival Forest (RSF) models were trained on the matched cohorts to predict post-transplant survival.<h3>Results</h3>Of 72,581 LT recipients, 93.8% were DDLT while 6.2% were LDLT. After matching LDLT with DDLT recipients, DPSM successfully reduced confounding associations as shown by a decrease in AUROC_post-match from 0.82 to 0.51. Subsequently, RSF (C-index_ldlt=0.67, C-index_ddlt=0.74) outperformed the traditional Cox model (C-index_ldlt=0.57, C-index_ddlt=0.65). The predicted 10-year mean survival gain of LDLT over DDLT was 10.3% (SD = 5.7%). Particularly, PSC (12.4±5.3%) and HCV (12.1±4.7%) had the highest survival benefits from LDLT compared to other etiologies.<h3>Conclusions</h3>DPSM provides an effective approach for creating RCT-like comparability from observational data to predict which patients will benefit most from LDLT. This novel ML-based methodology enables personalized survival predictions while minimizing confounders and offers clinicians a new tool to more confidently evaluate treatment effects.","PeriodicalId":15888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hepatology","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144165457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Harnessing spatial immunity to predict recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma","authors":"Valerie Chew","doi":"10.1016/j.jhep.2025.04.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2025.04.012","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Background and context</h2>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally, with its incidence and mortality projected to increase by over 50% by 2040.¹^,² A high recurrence rate of approximately 70% typically occurs within the first few years after resection, contributing to a high healthcare burden.³ The prediction of recurrence risk post-resection would be critical to improve patient outcomes and optimize treatment strategies. Traditionally, clinical staging systems such as</section></section><section><section><h2>Objectives, methods and findings</h2>Despite improvements in surgical techniques, HCC recurrence rates after resection remain high³ and insufficiently predictable. Jia and colleagues aimed to construct a prognostic tool, the <strong>T</strong>umor <strong>I</strong>mmune <strong>M</strong>icroenvironment <strong>S</strong>patial <strong>(TIMES)</strong> score, through a comprehensive multi-step approach.⁶ They first performed spatial transcriptomic analysis from a discovery cohort of 17 patients with HCC, focusing on the spatial localization of immune cells within the TME, specifically in the tumor center and at</section></section><section><section><h2>Significance of findings</h2>This study is timely, given the expansion and continual advancement of spatial transcriptomics and its application in understanding tissue biology.⁷ By integrating spatial immune profiling, this study represents a significant advance in our understanding of HCC recurrence and lays the groundwork for future studies to expand the use of spatial biomarkers in clinical practice. In addition to its prognostic value, the TIMES score provides important insights into immune cell localization and</section></section><section><section><h2>Financial support</h2>This work was supported by the <span>National Medical Research Council</span> (<span>NMRC</span>), Singapore (reference number: CIRG22jul-0025, <span>NMRC</span>/OFLCG/003/2018) and <span>National Research Foundation, Singapore</span> (ref number: NRF-CRP26-2021-0005).</section></section><section><section><h2>Conflict of interest</h2>The author declared no conflict of interest.</section></section>","PeriodicalId":15888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hepatology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144145490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rethinking hepatic encephalopathy: Gut microbes, neurotoxins and the therapeutic horizon","authors":"Cornelius Engelmann","doi":"10.1016/j.jhep.2025.04.036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2025.04.036","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Background and context</h2>Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a severe complication of liver disease, indicating progression in decompensated cirrhosis and acute liver failure, and is associated with an increased risk of mortality.[1], [2], [3] The pathogenesis of HE is primarily driven by hyperammonemia, which acts as a neurotoxin, leading to astrocyte swelling and cerebral edema, thus contributing to disease progression. Additionally, systemic inflammation, often triggered by gut-derived endotoxins, plays a significant</section></section><section><section><h2>Objectives, methods and findings</h2>To explore the mechanisms of brain dysfunction in liver disease, He X <em>et al.</em> investigated the gut-brain axis by analyzing metagenomic data from the gut from four cohorts of patients with cirrhosis. They identified gut-brain modules associated with HE, with the monoamine synthesis pathway showing the strongest correlation. This pathway, catalyzed by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylases was predominantly found in <em>Ruminococcus gnavus</em> (<em>R. gnavus</em>). Further analysis uncovered novel genes in the</section></section><section><section><h2>Significance of findings</h2>He <em>et al.</em> demonstrated that <em>R. gnavus</em> in the gut can produce PEA, a neuroactive molecule that accumulates in the brain due to impaired hepatic clearance in liver disease. However, the exact role of <em>R. gnavus</em> in this process remains unclear. It is uncertain whether the involvement of <em>R. gnavus</em> is a direct, quantitative result of cirrhosis-related dysbiosis – where its abundance increases in the gut – or if it is a species-specific alteration in PDC expression as a response to changing</section></section><section><section><h2>Financial support</h2>The author did not receive any financial support to produce this manuscript.</section></section><section><section><h2>Conflict of interest</h2>Please refer to the accompanying ICMJE disclosure form for further details.</section></section>","PeriodicalId":15888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hepatology","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144154018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “CXCL10 plays a key role as an inflammatory mediator and a non-invasive biomarker of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis” [J Hepatol (2014) 61:1365-75]","authors":"Xiang Zhang, Jiayun Shen, Kwan Man, Eagle S.H. Chu, Tung On Yau, Joanne C.Y. Sung, Minnie Y.Y. Go, Jun Deng, Liwei Lu, Vincent W.S. Wong, Joseph J.Y. Sung, Geoffrey Farrell, Jun Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhep.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"It has come to our attention that there was an error in <span><span>Supplementary Fig. 3C</span></span> in our article. Incorrect representative flow cytometry images were inadvertently used. The corrected figure is presented below. We apologize for any inconvenience caused.<span><figure><span><img alt=\"Supplementary Fig. 3\" aria-describedby=\"cap0010\" height=\"779\" src=\"https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0168827825001576-fx1.jpg\"/><ol><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download high-res image (2MB)</span></span></span></li><li><span><span>Download: <span>Download full-size image</span></span></span></li></ol></span><span><span><p><span>Supplementary Fig. 3</span>. <strong>Flow cytometric analysis of immune cells in the blood of WT and <em>Cxcl10</em>^-/- mice fed control or MCD diet</strong>. Frequencies of (A) B cells (CD19⁺CD3^-), T cells (CD3⁺CD19^-), (B) CD4⁺ T cells (CD4⁺CD8^-) and CD8⁺ T cells (CD8⁺CD4^-), (C) NK cells (NK1.1⁺CD3^-) and NKT cells (NK1.1⁺CD3⁺), (D) macrophages (CD11b⁺F4/80⁺) and neutrophils (CD11b⁺Ly6G⁺) were stained with surface markers, and analysed by flow cytometry.</p></span></span></figure></span>","PeriodicalId":15888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hepatology","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cause-specific mortality in patients with steatotic liver disease in the United States","authors":"Pedro Ochoa-Allemant, Rebecca A. Hubbard, David E. Kaplan, Marina Serper","doi":"10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.013","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background &amp; Aims</h3>Causes of death across steatotic liver disease (SLD) subtypes remain incompletely characterized in routine clinical practice. We aimed to quantify and compare cause-specific mortality in SLD.<h3>Methods</h3>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of adults with imaging-confirmed hepatic steatosis receiving outpatient care in the national Veterans Health Administration (2010-2021). The primary exposure was SLD subtype, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD), and their intersection (MetALD). The primary outcome was cause-specific mortality, stratified by baseline cirrhosis.<h3>Results</h3>Among 366,433 adults (mean age, 60.5 years; 7.7% female; 67.6% non-Hispanic White), 77.9% had MASLD, 17.5% had MetALD, and 4.6% had ALD. Over a median follow-up of 5.4 years, the 10-year cumulative incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD)- and extrahepatic cancer-related deaths among patients without cirrhosis was 8.1% and 7.5% in MASLD, 7.5% and 7.4% in MetALD, and 8.1% and 7.4% in ALD. Among patients with cirrhosis, liver- and CVD-related deaths were 9.2% and 17.3% in MASLD, 17.7% and 13.0% in MetALD, and 22.1% and 11.5% in ALD. Compared with non-cirrhotic MASLD (0.04 per 100 person-years), liver-related mortality was higher in MetALD (0.19 per 100 person-years; HR, 3.38; 95% CI, 3.02-3.78) and highest in ALD (0.40 per 100 person-years; HR, 6.99; 95% CI, 6.08-8.04). This progressive increase persisted in cirrhosis but was less pronounced.<h3>Conclusions</h3>CVD and extrahepatic cancer were leading causes of death across SLD subtypes without cirrhosis, while liver- and CVD-related deaths predominated in cirrhosis. MetALD and ALD were associated with progressively higher risks of liver-related mortality compared with MASLD. These findings underscore the need for integrated strategies addressing alcohol use, cardiovascular risk, and cancer screening to reduce preventable deaths.<h3>IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS</h3>Causes of death across the steatotic liver disease spectrum remains incompletely characterized in routine clinical settings. In this large nationwide cohort study, we evaluated cause-specific mortality in patients with MASLD, MetALD, and ALD. We showed that cardiovascular disease and extrahepatic cancer were the primary causes of death in patients without cirrhosis across SLD subtypes, while liver disease and cardiovascular disease were predominant in those with cirrhosis. Importantly, MetALD and ALD were associated with progressively increasing risks of liver-related mortality compared to MASLD. Our findings highlight the need for integrated care models that simultaneously addresses cardiovascular risk factors, implements strategies to reduce alcohol consumption, and promotes cancer screening to mitigate preventable deaths in SLD.","PeriodicalId":15888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hepatology","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144130153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to ‘From the Editor's Desk▪▪▪’ [J Hepatol (2025) 549-552]","authors":"Philip Newsome, Frank Tacke, Heiner Wedemeyer, Lorenza Rimassa, Annalisa Berzigotti, Tom H. Karlsen, Vlad Ratziu","doi":"10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"No Abstract","PeriodicalId":15888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hepatology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144133493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A non-inferiority randomised controlled trial of a Shorter Acetylcysteine Regimen for Paracetamol Overdose – the SARPO trial.","authors":"Geoffrey Isbister, Angela Chiew, Nicholas Buckley, Keith Harris, Ingrid Berling, Michael Downes, Colin Page, Katherine Isoardi","doi":"10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.008","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background</h3>Paracetamol is a common overdose worldwide. Early acetylcysteine treatment can prevent hepatotoxicity. Multiple intravenous acetylcysteine regimens exist; the commonest recommending 300mg/kg over 20h. We investigated the effectiveness and safety of a shorter regimen in paracetamol overdoses ≤30g.<h3>Methods</h3>In a multicentre non-inferiority randomised controlled trial, 204 patients from three hospitals with acute paracetamol overdose ≤ 30g presenting within 8h, were randomised to standard 20h acetylcysteine (200mg/kg/4h, 100mg/kg/16h) regimen or short 12h acetylcysteine (200mg/kg/4h, 50mg/kg/8h) regimen. The primary outcome was the absolute difference between alanine transaminase (ALT) 24h post-ingestion and admission ALT (ΔALT24). Secondary outcomes included ALT&gt;150U/L at 24h and double admission ALT, systemic hypersensitivity and gastrointestinal adverse effects.<h3>Results</h3>The two groups were similar in age, gender, dose ingested, paracetamol concentration, baseline ALT, hospital, charcoal administration and time until acetylcysteine. The shorter regimen was non-inferior to the standard regimen. ΔALT24 for 107 patients given the shorter regimen was median -2U/L (Interquartile range [IQR]:-7 to 1U/L) compared to 97 given the standard regimen, median -1U/L (IQR:-5 to 1.5U/L); difference in medians of -1U/L; 95% confidence interval:-3 to 1U/L; less than the upper non-inferiority margin of 5). No patient receiving the shorter regimen had a 24h ALT double admission and &gt;150U/L, compared to one receiving the standard regimen. No patient had an ALT&gt;1000U/L. Systemic hypersensitivity reactions were similar between groups [9/107 (8%) for short versus 10/97 (10%) standard regimen]. Gastrointestinal adverse effects occurred in 78/107 patients (73%) receiving the short versus 63/97 (65%) receiving the standard regimen.<h3>Conclusions</h3>The shorter 12h acetylcysteine regimen had the same effectiveness and safety as the standard 20h regimen in acute paracetamol overdoses ≤30g, almost halving the length of treatment required.<h3>Trial Registration</h3>Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry number ACTRN12616001617459.","PeriodicalId":15888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hepatology","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NUC-1031 in aBTC: a cautionary tale in accelerated drug development","authors":"Giulia Massaro, Lorenza Rimassa, Angela Lamarca","doi":"10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2025.05.011","url":null,"abstract":"<h2>Section snippets</h2><section><section><h2>Financial support</h2>The authors received no financial support to produce this manuscript.</section></section><section><section><h2>Authors' contributions</h2>GM, LR, and AL contributed to the concept of the letter. GM and AL interpreted the data and drafted the manuscript. All authors critically revised the manuscript and approved its final draft.</section></section><section><section><h2>Data availability statement</h2>Data are available on reasonable request.All authors confirm that we did not and will not submit the data included in the letter as original publication elsewhere.</section></section><section><section><h2>Declaration of Competing Interest</h2>AL: Travel and educational support from Ipsen, Pfizer, Bayer, AAA, SirtEx, Novartis, Mylan, Delcath Advanz Pharma and Roche. Speaker honoraria from Merck, Pfizer, Ipsen, Incyte, AAA/Novartis, QED, Servier, Astra Zeneca, EISAI, Roche, Advanz Pharma and MSD. Advisory and consultancy honoraria from EISAI, Nutricia, Ipsen, QED, Roche, Servier, Boston Scientific, Albireo Pharma, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, GENFIT, TransThera Biosciences, Taiho, MSD and Viatris. Principal</section></section>","PeriodicalId":15888,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hepatology","volume":"238 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":25.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144122667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}