Journal of general microbiology最新文献_第10页

Catabolite repression of beta-glucanase synthesis in Bacillus subtilis. 枯草芽孢杆菌分解代谢抑制β -葡聚糖酶合成。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-09-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-9-2047

S Krüger, J Stülke, M Hecker

引用次数: 47

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers reveal a high degree of genetic diversity in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae. 随机扩增的多态DNA标记揭示了昆虫病原真菌绿僵菌(Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae)高度的遗传多样性。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-09-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-9-2075

M Fegan, J M Manners, D J Maclean, J A Irwin, K D Samuels, D G Holdom, D P Li

{"title":"Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers reveal a high degree of genetic diversity in the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae var. anisopliae.","authors":"M Fegan, J M Manners, D J Maclean, J A Irwin, K D Samuels, D G Holdom, D P Li","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-9-2075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2075","url":null,"abstract":"Metarhizium anisopliae isolates from several insect hosts and from various sugar cane growing areas of Queensland, Australia, were examined for genetic diversity using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Thirty isolates of M. anisopliae var. anisopliae and one isolate of M. anisopliae var. majus were examined. Ten randomly chosen 10mer or 11mer primers were used and RAPD banding patterns were compared. Thirty distinct genotypes could be distinguished amongst the 31 isolates tested on the basis of RAPD patterns. Six of the isolates classified as M. anisopliae var. anisopliae exhibited closer similarity to the M. anisopliae var. majus isolate than to other anisopliae strains tested. Isolates exhibiting similar (> 80% similarity) RAPD profiles tended to be isolated from the same geographic area and evidence for the persistence of particular fungal genotypes in specific geographical localities was obtained. Pathogenicity assays suggested that, in some instances, RAPD groupings may also indicate insect host range. The mean similarity amongst isolates measured by band sharing in all pairwise comparisons was 41% and the most distinct pair of isolates shared only 9% of their RAPD bands. We conclude that the isolates tested belonging to the species M. anisopliae, as assessed on morphological grounds, represent a very diverse genetic group. The results also suggest that RAPD markers may be useful for the tracking of specific biocontrol strains in the field.","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":"139 9","pages":"2075-81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2075","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19234673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 109

Chlamydia trachomatis infection of cultured motile cells after uptake of chlamydiae from the substratum. 从基质中摄取衣原体后培养的运动细胞感染沙眼衣原体。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-09-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-9-2151

S Campbell, P S Yates, S J Richmond

{"title":"Chlamydia trachomatis infection of cultured motile cells after uptake of chlamydiae from the substratum.","authors":"S Campbell, P S Yates, S J Richmond","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-9-2151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2151","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of motile cells to remove small inanimate particles from solid substrata is well documented. We show here that motile cells will pick up and internalize infectious particles of the obligate intracellular parasite Chlamydia trachomatis when they are adherent to the substratum over which the host cells move. Two cell types were used to assess chlamydial uptake; a feeder independent human squamous cell carcinoma variant (AC3A cells) and the McCoy cell line. Purified chlamydia elementary bodies were attached to glass or collagen-coated glass by centrifugation. Suspensions of cells were then allowed to sediment on to the substrata to which chlamydiae had attached. Both types of cell picked up chlamydiae and transported them over their surface during the course of attachment and spreading. Stereoscopic images obtained by confocal microscopy demonstrated that chlamydiae were found mainly on the surface of non-spread cells. After the cells had spread on the substratum they began to move around forming tracks where the chlamydiae had been removed. Some cell-surface-attached chlamydiae were endocytosed and a proportion of these proliferated during the 48 h after plating. However, chlamydiae attached to the substratum lost infectivity by a simple exponential decay process within a few hours of incubation in the extracellular environment. Therefore, increasing numbers of non-viable organisms were probably endocytosed as the time of extracellular incubation increased. This mode of infection may be relevant to in vivo situations where cell migration occurs after damage to mucosal surfaces.","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":"139 9","pages":"2151-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2151","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19235247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

A simple chemical test to distinguish mycobacteria from other mycolic-acid-containing actinomycetes. 区分分枝杆菌与其他含霉菌酸放线菌的简单化学试验。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-09-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-9-2203

M E Hamid, D E Minnikin, M Goodfellow

{"title":"A simple chemical test to distinguish mycobacteria from other mycolic-acid-containing actinomycetes.","authors":"M E Hamid, D E Minnikin, M Goodfellow","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-9-2203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2203","url":null,"abstract":"Two hundred and fifty-two representatives of the general Corynebacterium, Gordona, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus and Tsukamurella were degraded by alkaline hydrolysis and their mycolic acids extracted as methyl esters following phase-transfer-catalysed esterification. When the mycolic acid methyl esters were treated with a mixture of acetonitrile and toluene all mycobacterial mycolates formed copious white precipitates whereas all but 5 out of the 106 non-mycobacterial mycolates remained in solution. The precipitated methyl mycolates and the dried soluble mycolates were compared by pyrolysis gas chromatography and silica gel thin-layer chromatography. On pyrolysis, the precipitated methyl mycolates from mycobacteria yielded fatty acid methyl esters with 20 to 26 carbon atoms whereas those from the remaining taxa produced shorter-chain esters. Mycobacteria and Tsukamurella paurometabola gave multispot mycolic acid patterns on thin-layer chromatography of their methyl esters whereas those from the remaining strains gave single spots. Our results indicate that Rhodococcus chlorophenolicus strains contain mycolic acids atypical of mycobacteria. It can be concluded that the mycolic acid precipitation test provides a simple and reliable way of distinguishing mycobacteria from all other prokaryotes, notably from other mycolic-acid-containing taxa.","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":"139 9","pages":"2203-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2203","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19235252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 49

Antibody and DNA probes for detection of nitrite reductase in seawater. 抗体和DNA探针检测海水中亚硝酸盐还原酶。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-09-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-9-2285

B B Ward, A R Cockcroft, K A Kilpatrick

{"title":"Antibody and DNA probes for detection of nitrite reductase in seawater.","authors":"B B Ward, A R Cockcroft, K A Kilpatrick","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-9-2285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2285","url":null,"abstract":"A polyclonal antiserum was produced by immunization with nitrite reductase (NiR) purified from Pseudomonas stutzeri (ATCC 14405) and tested for specificity among known denitrifying strains. The antiserum was nearly strain-specific, identifying NiR only in some, but not all, other P. stutzeri strains. Denitrifying isolates from water column and sediment environments were also screened; several isolates from an intertidal microbial mat reacted with the NiR antiserum. Activity assays for NiR in polyacrylamide gels demonstrated that strains with apparently very similar NiR proteins did not react with the antiserum. These results imply that the NiR protein is more variable even among closely related strains than previously suspected. A DNA probe for a 721 bp region of the NiR structural gene was obtained by PCR amplification of P. stutzeri (ATCC 14405) DNA and used to screen denitrifying strains and isolates. The probe hybridized with a greater variety of strains than did the antiserum, implying that the DNA probe may be a more broadly useful and functional probe in environmental samples, whilst the NiR antiserum is nearly strain- or, at most, species-specific. Limits for detection of the enzyme and gene in seawater were estimated and NiR DNA was detected in DNA extracted from natural seawater. The hybridization data imply that in the order of 1-10 in 1000 cells in natural seawater possess homology with the NiR gene probe.","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":"139 9","pages":"2285-93"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2285","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19235253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

Iron-regulated salicylate synthesis by Pseudomonas spp. 假单胞菌合成铁调控水杨酸盐。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-09-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-9-1995

P Visca, A Ciervo, V Sanfilippo, N Orsi

{"title":"Iron-regulated salicylate synthesis by Pseudomonas spp.","authors":"P Visca, A Ciervo, V Sanfilippo, N Orsi","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-9-1995","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-9-1995","url":null,"abstract":"Two iron-regulated compounds have been found in acidified ethyl acetate extracts from culture supernatants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Pseudomonas cepacia type-strains. Synthesis of both compounds paralleled iron-deficient growth, and was repressed in the presence of 100 microM-FeCl3. Yields of these substances varied among different strains and attained maximum levels during stationary phase. Thin layer chromatographic analysis in five different solvent systems revealed that the slower-moving compound chromatographed as two distinct bands, and showed RF values and spectral properties similar to pyochelin. The faster-moving compound co-migrated as a single band with a standard of commercial salicylic acid in each of the chromatographic systems tested. Moreover, a molecule with an identical RF was also produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA401, which is known to synthesize salicylic acid as the only siderophore during iron-limited growth. Spectrophotometric and spectrofluorometric titrations led to the identification of this iron-regulated compound as salicylic acid, in agreement with the structure deduced from 1H-NMR and mass spectroscopy. The identity of the P. cepacia siderophore azurechelin as salicylic acid was also conclusively demonstrated. Salicylic acid, like pyochelin and pyoverdin, promoted P. aeruginosa growth in an iron-depleted medium. These results are consistent with a putative siderophore activity for salicylic acid, i.e. azurechelin, as has been demonstrated for P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens and P. cepacia. Thus, salicylic acid is likely to act as a siderophore in more than one species belonging to the genus Pseudomonas.","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":"139 9","pages":"1995-2001"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1099/00221287-139-9-1995","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18511255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 149

Haemin-binding proteins of Porphyromonas gingivalis W50 grown in a chemostat under haemin-limitation. 牙龈卟啉单胞菌W50在限制血红蛋白的趋化器中生长的血红蛋白结合蛋白。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-09-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-9-2145

J W Smalley, A J Birss, A S McKee, P D Marsh

{"title":"Haemin-binding proteins of Porphyromonas gingivalis W50 grown in a chemostat under haemin-limitation.","authors":"J W Smalley, A J Birss, A S McKee, P D Marsh","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-9-2145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2145","url":null,"abstract":"Porphyromonas gingivalis W50 was grown in a chemostat at pH 7.3 under haemin-limitation and haemin-excess at a constant mean doubling time of 6.9 h. Outer membranes (OM) were extracted from whole cells using EDTA and compared by SDS-PAGE. Haemin-limited cells expressed novel outer membrane proteins (OMPs) of mol. mass 115, 113 and 19 kDa when samples were solubilized at 100 degrees C. A 46 kDa OMP was observed in haemin-excess cells but not in those from haemin-limited conditions. Tetramethylbenzidine (TMBZ) staining of gels, after OM solubilization at 20 degrees C, was used to detect haemin-binding proteins (HBPs). HBPs were observed only in OM from haemin-limited cells. The major HBP (mol. mass 32.4 kDa) corresponded to a similar sized Kenacid-blue-stained protein which was not observed in haemin-excess-derived OM. Haemin-limited cells and OM displayed a ladder-like series of Kenacid-blue-stained proteins. Lighter TMBZ-stained proteins of mol. mass 51, 53, 56 and 60 kDa, with mobilities corresponding to those of silver-stained LPS components, were observed in haemin-limited OM. No soluble HBPs were detected extracellularly. The greater number of HBPs expressed by cells grown under haemin-limitation may reflect an additional cell surface receptor system for haemin acquisition under low environmental levels of this essential cofactor.","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":"139 9","pages":"2145-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18511258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 52

Purification and characterization of plantaricin A, a Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriocin whose activity depends on the action of two peptides. 植物乳杆菌中的一种细菌素，其活性依赖于两个肽的作用。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-09-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-9-1973

J Nissen-Meyer, A G Larsen, K Sletten, M Daeschel, I F Nes

{"title":"Purification and characterization of plantaricin A, a Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriocin whose activity depends on the action of two peptides.","authors":"J Nissen-Meyer, A G Larsen, K Sletten, M Daeschel, I F Nes","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-9-1973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-9-1973","url":null,"abstract":"A Lactobacillus plantarum bacteriocin, plantaricin A, has been purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulphate precipitation, binding to cation exchanger and Octyl-Sepharose, and reverse-phase chromatography. The bacteriocin activity was associated with two peptides, termed alpha and beta, which were separated upon reverse-phase chromatography. Bacteriocin activity required the complementary action of both the alpha and beta peptides. From the N-terminal end, 21 and 22 amino acid residues of alpha and beta, respectively, were sequenced. Further attempts at sequencing revealed no additional amino acid residues, suggesting that either the C terminus had been reached or that modifications in the next amino acid residue blocked the sequencing reaction. Judging from their amino acid sequence, alpha and beta may be encoded by the same gene, since alpha appeared to be a truncated form of beta. Alanine, the first amino acid residue at the N-terminal end of beta was not present at this position in alpha. Otherwise the sequences of alpha and beta appeared to be identical. The calculated molecular masses of the sequenced part of alpha and beta were 2426 and 2497 Da, respectively. The molecular masses of alpha and beta as determined by mass spectroscopy were 2687 +/- 30 and 2758 +/- 30 Da, respectively, indicating that (i) the only difference between alpha and beta was the presence of the N-terminal alanine residue in beta, and that (ii) in addition to the sequenced residues, two to three unidentified amino acid residues are present at the C-terminal ends of the alpha and beta peptides.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":"139 9","pages":"1973-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1099/00221287-139-9-1973","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19234105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 113

The giant linear plasmid pHG207 from Rhodococcus sp. encoding hydrogen autotrophy: characterization of the plasmid and its termini. 编码氢自养的红球菌巨型线性质粒pHG207:质粒及其末端的特性。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-09-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-9-2055

J Kalkus, C Dörrie, D Fischer, M Reh, H G Schlegel

{"title":"The giant linear plasmid pHG207 from Rhodococcus sp. encoding hydrogen autotrophy: characterization of the plasmid and its termini.","authors":"J Kalkus, C Dörrie, D Fischer, M Reh, H G Schlegel","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-9-2055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2055","url":null,"abstract":"As described previously, in Rhodococcus sp. (formerly Nocardia opaca) strains MR11 and MR22, the ability to grow as an aerobic hydrogen bacterium (the Aut character) is located on giant conjugative linear plasmids--on pHG201 (270 kb) in strain MR11 and on pHG205 (280 kb) in strain MR22. In an autotrophic transconjugant originating from MR22 a smaller plasmid, pHG207 (225 kb), was detected and shown to be a recombination product of the wild-type plasmids pHG204 and pHG205. A donor carrying pHG207 as the sole plasmid transferred the Aut marker at a 1000-fold frequency compared to the wild-type plasmid pHG205. Analysis of the plasmid ends revealed that plasmid pHG207 carries proteins at both ends; the proteins are linked to the 5' ends of the strands. The cloned end fragments of about 2 kb were sequenced and found to contain highly homologous sequences within the terminal 583 bp (left end part) and 560 bp (right end part). Several potential reading frames were detected, but database searching gave no indication about possible functions.","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":"139 9","pages":"2055-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1099/00221287-139-9-2055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19234671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 55

Analysis of intra-specific variation in the fatty acid profiles of Borrelia burgdorferi. 伯氏疏螺旋体脂肪酸谱的种内变异分析。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-09-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-9-2197

M A Livesley, I P Thompson, L Gern, P A Nuttall

引用次数: 19