Journal of general microbiology最新文献

Changes in cultivar-specificity toward pea can result from transfer of plasmid RP4 and other incompatibility group P1 replicons to Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi. 对豌豆品种特异性的改变可能是由于质粒RP4和其他不亲和性组P1复制子转移到丁香假单胞菌pv上。pisi。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-12-3149

P J Moulton, A Vivian, P J Hunter, J D Taylor

{"title":"Changes in cultivar-specificity toward pea can result from transfer of plasmid RP4 and other incompatibility group P1 replicons to Pseudomonas syringae pv. pisi.","authors":"P J Moulton, A Vivian, P J Hunter, J D Taylor","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-12-3149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-12-3149","url":null,"abstract":"Transfer of RP4 and related replicons belonging to the Escherichia coli incompatibility group P (Pseudomonas aeruginosa IncP1) to races 2 and 6 of P. syringae pv. pisi was associated with the creation of two types of transconjugant, one resembling the parental race and the other showing an altered cultivar-specificity towards pea. The latter, irrespective of the parental race, exhibited a novel pattern of interaction with pea that corresponded to race 4; consequently such transconjugants were termed race 4-like. Curing of RP4 did not affect the phenotype, except in relation to the antibiotic resistances specified by RP4. The race 4-like strains were non-fluorescent when cultured on appropriate media (in contrast to the particular isolates of races 2 and 6 from which they were derived), showed an enhanced ability to inherit RP4 subsequently (at frequencies up to 10(-1) per recipient) and differed from their parental race in their pattern of plasmid profile. The plasmid profiles were similar for all race 4-like strains irrespective of origin. There was no evidence that RP4 had recombined with DNA in the recipient and probing failed to detect the retention of any part of RP4 in cured strains. The inheritance of the related cosmid vector, pLAFR3, had similar effects in races 2 and 6. This observation is important since this vector has been widely used to clone avirulence genes in plant pathogenic bacteria. Transfer of the IncW plasmids S-a and R388 did not cause any changes in the fluorescence or cultivar-specificity of races 2 or 6.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19117830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 24

Sequencing and analysis of the divergon comprising gtaB, the structural gene of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase of Bacillus subtilis 168. 枯草芽孢杆菌udp -葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶结构基因gtaB的序列分析。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-12-3185

B Soldo, V Lazarevic, P Margot, D Karamata

{"title":"Sequencing and analysis of the divergon comprising gtaB, the structural gene of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase of Bacillus subtilis 168.","authors":"B Soldo, V Lazarevic, P Margot, D Karamata","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-12-3185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-12-3185","url":null,"abstract":"Nucleotide sequencing revealed that gtaB, the structural gene of UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (EC 2.7.7.9), is part of a divergon-like genetic entity. The latter consists of two monocistronic operons gtaB and orfX, transcribed from a 245 bp regulatory region, each encoding an acidic protein with a molecular mass of 33.0 and 42.6 kDa, respectively. gtaB is transcribed from a distal PA promoter, and a proximal PB promoter which is negatively controlled by the Sin protein. Sin-mediated transcriptional attenuation and enhancement of PB and PD, respectively, suggest that these promoters control functions which antagonize each other. Transcription of orfX is mediated by a PA promoter. The regulatory region comprises four ATGAAA hexamers, present as two inverse repeats. Protein GtaB exhibits high homology to analogous prokaryotic enzymes, while OrfX shows 55.4% homology with the product of Escherichia coli o389, which is part of a regulatory unit involved in sugar processing. Mutations gtaB515 and gtaBg100, which define different bacteriophage adsorption patterns, were sequenced. They are transitions leading to substitution of amino acids which occupy conserved positions, and are thus likely to be part of an enzyme active site. The nature of the possible receptors for defective bacteriophages PBSY and PBSZ is discussed.","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1099/00221287-139-12-3185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19117832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

Antimicrobial activity and biosynthesis of indole antibiotics produced by Xenorhabdus nematophilus. 嗜线虫线虫抗菌活性及吲哚类抗生素的生物合成。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-12-3139

L Sundar, F N Chang

{"title":"Antimicrobial activity and biosynthesis of indole antibiotics produced by Xenorhabdus nematophilus.","authors":"L Sundar, F N Chang","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-12-3139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-12-3139","url":null,"abstract":"We have investigated the mechanism of action and physiology of production of the indole derivative antibiotics produced by the nematode-associated, entomopathogenic bacterium Xenorhabdus nematophilus. Maximum antibiotic concentration was reached during the late stationary phase of growth, and the antibiotic yield was appreciably enhanced by supplementation with tryptophan. Antibiotic biosynthesis apparently involved the removal of the side-chain carboxyl (C-1) carbon of tryptophan. The C-3 methylene carbon of tryptophan, on the other hand, was retained. The purified indole antibiotic was effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at low to moderate concentrations causing a severe inhibition of RNA synthesis, accompanied by a less severe effect on protein synthesis. An isogenic pair of Escherichia coli strains differing at the relA locus was used to demonstrate that the swift reduction in total RNA synthesis is related to an antibiotic-induced accumulation of the regulatory nucleotide, ppGpp, in susceptible bacteria. The E. coli relA mutant, which does not exhibit any discernible increase in ppGpp upon antibiotic treatment, showed no decrease in growth or RNA synthesis. Using this antibiotic, it was also observed that ppGpp may be employed as a metabolic regulator in bacteria such as Pseudomonas putida, which have not previously been reported to employ ppGpp as a regulatory molecule. We propose that the indole derivative antibiotic exerts growth inhibitory control in susceptible bacteria by greatly enhancing synthesis of ppGpp, resulting in a rapid inhibition of RNA synthesis.","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1099/00221287-139-12-3139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18518265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 79

Characterization of the 1,3-beta-glucan synthase of Aspergillus fumigatus. 烟曲霉1,3-葡聚糖合成酶的研究。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-12-3071

A Beauvais, R Drake, K Ng, M Diaquin, J P Latgé

引用次数: 59

The cloning and characterization of the arom gene of Pneumocystis carinii. 卡氏肺囊虫芳香基因的克隆与鉴定。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-12-2901

S Banerji, A E Wakefield, A G Allen, D J Maskell, S E Peters, J M Hopkin

引用次数: 50

Candida albicans exocellular antigens released into a synthetic culture medium: characterization and serological response in rabbits. 白色念珠菌细胞外抗原释放到合成培养基中:表征和兔血清学反应。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-12-3005

J M Aguiar, F Baquero, J M Jones

{"title":"Candida albicans exocellular antigens released into a synthetic culture medium: characterization and serological response in rabbits.","authors":"J M Aguiar, F Baquero, J M Jones","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-12-3005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-12-3005","url":null,"abstract":"Different exocellular extracts were isolated by concentrating the supernatants of yeast- and mycelial-phase Candida albicans cultures incubated in a synthetic medium. The only difference between the extracts obtained from the two phases was the presence in those obtained from mycelial cultures of a polysaccharide-rich, high-molecular-mass component, migrating in SDS-polyacrylamide gels at a position that would correspond to proteins with molecular masses of 245-265 kDa. The electrophoretic band patterns obtained before and after concanavalin A-Sepharose 4B affinity column treatments confirmed that the 245-265 kDa band was the only one of mannoprotein nature. The extract obtained from 24 h mycelial-phase culture (EA) was selected as the exocellular antigen for this work. The dry weight of EA obtained from 1 litre of culture medium was 30 mg; it contained 53% carbohydrate (18.3% glucose and 21.7% mannose measured by gas-liquid chromatography) and 10% protein. Rabbit antisera against EA were absorbed with yeast-phase organisms and used to stain Western blots of gels loaded with EAs. These antisera clearly recognized bands in the 21, 33 and 44 kDa areas. The antiserum obtained was employed to develop a double-antibody enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for measuring EA concentrations in a culture medium. Most of the EA was released during the exponential phase of growth.","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1099/00221287-139-12-3005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19119872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Identification of structures containing polyphosphate in Helicobacter pylori. 幽门螺杆菌中含多磷酸结构的鉴定。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-12-3029

G Bode, F Mauch, H Ditschuneit, P Malfertheiner

引用次数: 62

Typing of Clostridium difficile strains by PCR-amplification of variable length 16S-23S rDNA spacer regions. 用pcr扩增可变长度16S-23S rDNA间隔区分型艰难梭菌。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-12-3089

V Gürtler

{"title":"Typing of Clostridium difficile strains by PCR-amplification of variable length 16S-23S rDNA spacer regions.","authors":"V Gürtler","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-12-3089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-12-3089","url":null,"abstract":"To develop a rapid and accurate method of typing large numbers of clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile, four regions of the rRNA operon [A, 15-1407 and B, 907-1407 (16S-16S); C, 1392-507 and D, 907-507 (16S-23S)] were enzymically amplified from 24 strains. When region A was hybridized to HindIII-digested genomic DNA isolated from C. difficile strains, all of the variable length restriction fragments hybridized. When region B was hybridized to HindIII-digested genomic DNA isolated from C. difficile strains, a set of variable length restriction fragments (Group II) hybridized predominantly. When region C was separated by agarose gel electrophoresis, a series of products ranging in size from approximately 800-1300 bp was obtained. When regions C and D were digested with HindIII, a constant region of 430 bp was found in both products and in all strains. From the above experiments it was concluded that the variable length Group II restriction fragments and the variable length region C amplification products were due to variable length 16S-23S spacer regions between alleles of the one strain. When region C amplification products were separated by denaturing PAGE, 16 variable length rRNA alleles (rrnA-P) were demonstrated from 24 C. difficile strains ranging in size from 852-1210 bp. After analysis with maximum parsimony, the 24 strains were divided into 14 ribotypes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1099/00221287-139-12-3089","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"18518264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 145

The hydrogenosome. 氢化酶体。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-12-2879

M Müller

引用次数: 353

Rapid and specific detection of the thermostable direct haemolysin gene in Vibrio parahaemolyticus by the polymerase chain reaction. 聚合酶链反应快速特异检测副溶血性弧菌耐热直接溶血素基因。

Journal of general microbiology Pub Date : 1993-12-01 DOI: 10.1099/00221287-139-12-3225

C Lee, S F Pan

{"title":"Rapid and specific detection of the thermostable direct haemolysin gene in Vibrio parahaemolyticus by the polymerase chain reaction.","authors":"C Lee, S F Pan","doi":"10.1099/00221287-139-12-3225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1099/00221287-139-12-3225","url":null,"abstract":"Synthetic oligonucleotide primers derived from a sequence of the thermostable direct haemolysin (tdh) gene were used in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification technique to detect this gene in strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A total of 36 TDH-producing, and 89 TDH-negative Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains and 46 other vibrios and enteric pathogens were studied. In all, 36 strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from which the tdh gene could be successfully amplified by PCR were found to be TDH-positive in TDH haemolysin assay. No amplification products were obtained from Vibrio parahaemolyticus strains that were TDH-negative in the haemolysin assay or from other vibrios and enteric pathogens, with the exception of two strains. The PCR results were consistent with DNA hybridization tests. The detection limit for the tdh gene by PCR amplification was 40 pg of total DNA, or broth culture containing 1000 viable cells. Amplification products were confirmed by restriction enzyme digestion and Southern blot hybridization. The PCR method could detect the tdh sequences in stool samples from patients with gastroenteritis caused by V. parahaemolyticus. This PCR protocol clearly identified TDH-producing strains of V. parahaemolyticus and provides an alternative to conventional methods for TDH detection by research laboratories, clinical laboratories, regulatory agencies, and the seafood industry.","PeriodicalId":15884,"journal":{"name":"Journal of general microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1993-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1099/00221287-139-12-3225","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"19118890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 37