International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Updates最新文献

{"title":"Association between dietary carbohydrates intake, diabetes, obesity and breast cancer incidence among Sudanese women at the national cancer institute, Gezira State, Sudan (2021-2022)","authors":"Ghada Tajelsir M Abdoun, Nahla Hussien M. A Ataalmnan, Moawya I. Yousif, Tajelsir S.Osman, Sawsan A. Omer","doi":"10.53430/ijmru.2023.6.2.0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijmru.2023.6.2.0069","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of cancer and the main cause of death among women in Sudan. BC incidence rates is increasing in Sudan as estimate by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) in Wad Madani. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between high carbohydrate intake, diabetes obesity and risk of breast cancer. It was a cross-sectional study conducted in the NCI in Wad Madani, Gezira state in Sudan, during the period of 2021-2022, among 100 Sudanese women (ages: 20-75 years) who were confirmed to have BC. Data was collected by questionnaire consisted of questions about food intake and questions about BC risk factors. Physical measurements (height, weight and waist circumference) were taken. Laboratory tests (blood glucose) were done. Statistical analysis was performed by using SPSS version 22. The results showed that carbohydrate intake was positively associated with the risk of BC (p<0.05), and this association was higher in premenopausal women. Among carbohydrate components, the highest association were observed with sucrose and starch. BMI, waist circumference and diabetes mellitus were positively associated with the risk of BC. There was no association between age and BC (p>0.05). There was a very well correlation between consuming more than 30 grams per day of sugar (sucrose) and BC (r>0.50) while total sugar intake and carbohydrate intake had the lower correlation (0.433, 0.269), respectively (r<0.50). It was concluded that increased intake of foods rich in carbohydrates, especially sucrose and starch was directly associated with the risk of BC and its advanced stage in premenopausal Sudanese women. On the other hand, an increase in both waist circumference, body mass index and diabetes were positively associated with increased risk of BC.","PeriodicalId":158445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Updates","volume":" 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139139842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predicting future gully development in south-east Nigeria: A 10- Year Forecast (2020-2030)","authors":"Enemuoh, Charles Okechukwu, Igbokwe, Joel Izuchukwu, Igbokwe, Esomchukwu Chinagorom","doi":"10.53430/ijmru.2023.6.2.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijmru.2023.6.2.0067","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the trajectory of gully erosion in South-East Nigeria over the past decade (2010-2020) and employs an artificial neural network model to predict future gully development for the next ten years (2020-2030). The analysis reveals a substantial increase in gully areas across the states of Abia, Anambra, Enugu, Ebonyi, and Imo from 2010 to 2020, indicating a pressing environmental concern. The predictive model, validated at 79.24% correctness, anticipates a significant expansion of gully coverage by 2030. The implications of these predictions highlight the need for proactive measures to counteract the adverse effects of gully erosion on the environment, infrastructure, and communities. This study provides valuable insights for regional planning, resource allocation, and policy formulation, emphasizing the urgency of collaborative efforts to address the escalating threat of gully erosion in South-East Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":158445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Updates","volume":"125 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139140638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Political parties and democratic consolidation in Nigeria (1999-2019)","authors":"Oladoye Ebenezer, Nweke Edunna Daniel, Anosike Collins Chiedizie, Anosike Nancy Onyemechi, Oladoye Adeyinka Elizabeth, Gabriel Tobiloba Abioye, Inalegwu Daniel Edwin, Kingsley Chibueze Osuji, Mercy Uzoma Ogbajie, Opeoluwa Janet Oyedele, Ukamba Phina Uchennna","doi":"10.53430/ijmru.2023.6.1.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijmru.2023.6.1.0061","url":null,"abstract":"Democracy has become the most dominant political movement in the world today. The popularity of this political practice has been a worldwide trend over the years. Also, political parties are the engine room of democratic societies and without them; there will be no genuine democracy. Hence, this revealed the importance of political parties when he stated that \"modern democracy is unthinkable save in terms of political parties\". Indeed, the existence of vibrant political parties is a sine qua non for democratic consolidation. Therefore, it is not just the existence of political parties themselves per se, but the existence of vibrant ones in the polity. The degree of democratic consolidation in a country depends largely on the character and conduct of the country's political parties. The research adopts system theory analyses. The aim of this research work is to examine why democracy is not yet consolidated in Nigeria. Information about the subject of discourse was obtained through exploration history, this research solely rely on secondary data such as books, internet material, journals which were textually analyzed. This research work reveals that party system in Nigeria is weak and vulnerable, its future remains precarious and endangered by politicians who through their whims and caprices have become greedy, selfish, dubious, thoughtless and irrational. Nigerian political parties have proven themselves to be undemocratic and anti democratic institutions. It was observed from the research that lack of accountability, inequality, corruption, weak enforcement agencies, god-fatherism among others is limiting democratic consolidation in Nigeria. The research recommends that critical attention needs to be paid to the political parties as institutions that play diverse but central roles in democratic consolidation and that parties need to be re-engineered from mere institutions for acquiring political power to effective institutions that are capable of structuring, mediating and reconciling societal interests and conflict.","PeriodicalId":158445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Updates","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131409812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of Igbo women in peace building during the Nigerian civil war: 1967 – 1970","authors":"Cletus O. Obasi, Rebecca Ginikanwa Nnamani, Jaclyn Odinka","doi":"10.53430/ijmru.2023.5.2.0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijmru.2023.5.2.0054","url":null,"abstract":"The salient roles of Igbo women during the Nigeria Civil War were a catalyst in the survival of many dying and suffering children, and the broken and frustrated Biafra soldiers. The roles too were important in the internal security of Igboland in the absence of the men who were on the war front to defend the fatherland. The devastation caused by the war affected the culture and traditional institutions of the Igbo, which in effect, posed a double challenge to the women. Igbo women were not only victims of the war, they were challenged too with roles of acting as heads of their various families and bridge builders in communal and inter-communal relations. The women amid uncertainties embarked individually and communally on peace-building processes. A spectrum of interventions embarked by the women to bring the end to the war spread across the area of health, business, international relations and food security through their salient actions, which enhanced and promoted human security and created positive peace in the land. This paper examines these roles played by Igbo women during the war and how their efforts helped bring about peace and hope during, and after the war period. Looking back and the devastation of that time, the Igbo women today would abhor any wars in Nigeria. We employ the conflict transformation theory in this narrative and conclude that Igbo women are creative peace-builders.","PeriodicalId":158445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Updates","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132425170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The herdsmen migration and the growing insecurity in Sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for Nigeria","authors":"Cletus O. Obasi, Rebecca Ginikanwa Nnamani, Jaclyn Odinka","doi":"10.53430/ijmru.2023.5.2.0055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijmru.2023.5.2.0055","url":null,"abstract":"The incessant crises between migrating herdsmen and many farming communities in sub-Sahara Africa have become alarming in recent times. The activities of the migrating Fulani herdsmen and the incessant clashes with farmers give credence to the facts of insecurity. From Mali, Ghana, Senegal and Nigeria, it is the same story of insecurity. Nigeria especially has become the centre of banditry and terrorism. Factors such as unemployment, bad governance, poverty, marginalization and social imbalance each play a role in producing bandits and terrorists. While migration is part of life, the conflict that it creates with locals raises much concern. Its multiplier effects include food insecurity, unemployment, poverty and marginalization. The crises have also scared away foreign investors. Inflation has increased. This paper aims to examine the reasons for herder migration, its attendant conflicts with local communities and the effect of insecurity on the social and economic life of the people. This paper believes that government intervention in the control and management of Fulani herdsmen through the security architecture of Nigeria will minimize the insecurity problem of the country. While the paper sees herding as a private business, it suggests a policy for ranching as an alternative. The paper suggests that through peace education the tide of insecurity in Nigeria will be stemmed.","PeriodicalId":158445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Updates","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124503717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus, Syphilis, and H. pylori co-infections amongst HIV-infected individuals receiving care in a secondary healthcare facility in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Precious Chinyere Alubi, Blessing Jachinma Okonko, Cynthia Chizoba Ogbuji, Edith Ijeego Mbah, Iheanyi Omezuruike Okonko","doi":"10.53430/ijmru.2023.5.2.0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijmru.2023.5.2.0053","url":null,"abstract":"Helicobacter pylori is a widespread pathogen that significantly contributes to dyspeptic disease and gastric cancer. There are conflicting prevalence patterns of H. pylori in HIV-1-infected patients. Although the interaction between HIV and H. pylori infection is not well investigated, previous studies have suggested a decreased prevalence of H. pylori and the limited effectiveness of eradication treatment in HIV-positive individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the serological prevalence of HIV/HSV, HIV/Syphilis, and HIV/H. pylori co-infection among HIV-infected individuals receiving care in a secondary healthcare facility in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. In the study, 100 HIV-infected individuals were screened for HSV, syphilis and H. pylori co-infections. Co-infections were 0.0% for HIV/HSV, 0.0% for HIV/Syphilis and 58.0% for HIV/Helicobacter pylori. Higher prevalence of HIV/H. pylori co-infection occurred among the age group <20-40 (59.5%), males (59.5%), unemployed (100.0%), Ahaoda, Eleme and Etche LGAs, and high CD4 counts of 200-349 and >350 cells/µl (58.3%) compared to other categories. This study confirmed the absence of HSV and syphilis among these participants. It further indicated that co-infection of HIV/H. pylori were high (58.0%), although the underlying mechanisms remained unknown. However, the H. pylori co-infection in HIV-infected individuals was associated (P>0.05) with CD4+ cell counts and any socio-demographic variables evaluated. However, more studies are needed on these patients in Rivers State, Nigeria, to evaluate the infection rate further.","PeriodicalId":158445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Updates","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128201393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence of cytomegalovirus IgG antibodies among women in Buguma, Rivers State, Nigeria","authors":"Iheanyi Omezuruike Okonko, Ibifubara George, Blessing Jachinma Okonko, Cynthia Chizoba Ogbuji, Blessing Obiageri Amadi","doi":"10.53430/ijmru.2023.5.1.0052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijmru.2023.5.1.0052","url":null,"abstract":"Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous virus that belongs to the family of herpes virus. CMV causes serious illness in immuno-compromised patients and congenitally infected neonates. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of the immunoglobulin (IgG) antibodies to cytomegalovirus among women in Buguma-City, Rivers State, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 93 women from Buguma-City Health Centre between February and August 2022. Serum obtained from the blood samples was examined for CMV IgG antibodies by ELISA method. Among the 93 women investigated, 89 (95.7%) were seropositive for Cytomegalovirus IgG antibodies. A total prevalence rate of 100.0% was recorded in the age group of 20 to 30 years, with the highest prevalence, while 89.5% was found in the age group of 31 to 56 years. Among the 38 single women, all were found to be seropositive (100.0%) for Cytomegalovirus antibodies, while 51 (92.7%) of the 55 married women were seropositive. The women with a secondary level of education had a higher prevalence of 97.0% than those with a tertiary level of education, which had a prevalence of 95.0%. The unemployed women had a higher prevalence (95.8%) than the employed, which had a prevalence of 95.7%. The results were statistically significant with age (p = 0.01). There was no significant association (p>0.05) between CMV infection, marital status, education and occupation. The high prevalence of CMV infection observed in this study indicates that the virus is prevalent in the study area. Therefore, routine screening for CMV infection is advisable for all antenatal women in the State.","PeriodicalId":158445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Updates","volume":"470 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123659308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices and it’s determinants in flood-affected communities in Edo State, Nigeria","authors":"Abel Onolunosen Abhadionmhen, Zakari Isiaka Osheku, Chinelo Uzoamaka Okoye, Chiamaka Oluoma Enechi, Harrison Onunaeze","doi":"10.53430/ijmru.2023.5.1.0051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijmru.2023.5.1.0051","url":null,"abstract":"The immediate effect of child malnutrition in Africa is morbidity. In the longer term, it limits the child’s potential for life even when the child manages to survive its instantaneous effects. This cross-sectional study focused on investigating the socio-demographic determinants of the components of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) in flood-affected Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Edo State, Nigeria. A total of 400 mothers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Results from this current study indicate that only about 48% of mothers surveyed exclusively breastfed theirs under 5 children. Also, only about 55% of mothers initiated breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth and gave colostrum, and about 45% of the mothers actually adhered strictly to the prescribed complementary feeding practice of giving nutritionally adequate and safe complementary foods alongside breastfeeding at six months up till 2 years of age and even beyond. Education, source of income, marital status, and access to healthcare facilities were strong influencers of misconceptions and other factors impeding the implementation of the core components of IYCF as observed in this study. Flood remains a significant contributing factor depleting household food security structures leading to maternal and infant malnutrition. A concerted governmental coordinated intervention is required to relieve flood-affected families of the burden of malnutrition and infectious diseases. Training and retraining of health workers will be helpful in strengthening community involvement in implementing and monitoring IYCF components in the community. Longer maternity leave for nursing mothers should be strongly advocated for.","PeriodicalId":158445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Updates","volume":"95 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132214797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bactericidal significance of aqueous extracts of Jatropha tanjorensis on Salmonella isolates from domestic chicken coops; Ayurveda and Universal health coverage","authors":"Abel Onolunosen Abhadionmhen, Zakari Isiaka Osheku, Chinelo Uzoamaka Okoye","doi":"10.53430/ijmru.2023.5.1.0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijmru.2023.5.1.0062","url":null,"abstract":"Multidrug resistance is more significant among other public health challenges in Nigeria. Many plants have been investigated to have antimicrobial effects on panels of microorganisms including multidrug-resistant pathogens. This study explored the antimicrobial potency of Jatropha tanjorensis on Salmonella isolates from domestic chicken coops. Wet and dried fecal samples of Chicken were obtained from chicken coops. Fecal samples and medicinal plants of interest were analyzed using standard microbiological techniques and procedures. The aqueous concentration of extracts from this research included 0.2 g-10 ml, 0.5 g-10 ml, 1 g-10 ml, 1.5 -10 ml, and 2 g-10 ml. Results of this study indicated that extracts of dried leaves showed more antimicrobial effects than fresh leaf extracts as significant zones of inhibition of 10 mm, 14 mm, 19 mm and 28 mm were observed for dried leaf extract concentrates of 0.5 g-10 ml, 1.0 g-10 ml, 1.5 -10 ml, and 2 g-10 ml respectively. Corresponding zones of inhibition of 9 mm, 11 mm and 20 mm were seen for fresh leaf extract concentrates of 1.0 g-10 ml 1.5 g-10 ml and 2.0 g-10 ml. Owing to their antimicrobial effectiveness, availability, and inexpensive qualities, traditional medicines should be integrated with allopathic medicines if Nigeria must achieve universal health coverage in Nigeria. Plant extracts possess extensive antimicrobial activities against many microorganisms. Hence, more plants' clinical toxicity and safety need to be investigated.","PeriodicalId":158445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Updates","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132476475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seroprevalence of Epstein Barr IgG antibody among patients presenting at a tertiary hospital in Port Harcourt, Nigeria","authors":"Iheanyi Omezuruike Okonko, Chisom Chibudum Adim, Hope Chioma Innocent Adiele, Tochi Ifeoma Cookey, Blessing Jachinma Okonko","doi":"10.53430/ijmru.2022.4.1.0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53430/ijmru.2022.4.1.0061","url":null,"abstract":"Epstein Barr virus (EBV) has become increasingly recognized as one of the causes of cancer in humans and in Nigeria, its seroepidemiology, has not been fully elucidated. EBV vaccination is not a part of the Expanded Programme of Immunization (EPI) therefore, immunization against the virus is non-existent. This study was conducted to assess the seroprevalence of EBNA IgG antibody in patients in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. Demographic data and sera were collected from 80 consenting patients of different gender and ages from the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Rivers State. Their sera were screened for EBV IgG antibodies using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (DIA.PRO Diagnostic Bioprobes, Milano). Of the 80 sera evaluated for EBV Immunoglobulin G antibody, 68 (85%) were positive and 12 (15%) were negative. Seropositivity rate was higher in males (89.3%) than in females (82.9%). Patients within 21-25years had the highest prevalence rate of 87.2%. Age and gender were not significantly associated with the seroprevalence of EBNA IgG antibodies. From the result, the immunity gap in the population is significant. Hence, there is need for vaccination of susceptible individuals in order to ensure the control and elimination of Epstein Barr virus in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":158445,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research Updates","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131098747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}