Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy最新文献

{"title":"A study of the variations of positions of vermiform appendix in appendicitis patients in Northern Ethiopia","authors":"B. Abegaz, D. Woldeyes, Dereje Gizaw Awoke, Mengstu Desalegn Kiros","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.200915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.200915","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Vermiform appendix is a narrow, worm-shaped tube on the posteromedial side of the cecum near ileocecal junction. It has immunological function and shows a variation in position and length in individual from different countries. Knowledge of these variations is important during surgical interventions. Objectives: To assess the positions of appendix and its associations with age and sex of the patients. Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted from 2013 to 2014 on 154 patients who underwent appendectomy in the University of Gondar; College of Medicine and Health Sciences Referral Hospital and Felege Hiwot Referral Hospital; Bahir Dar. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS version 16 and P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Result: Retrocecal appendix was found to be the most common (72.73%), followed by pelvic (11.69%), preileal (10.39%), and subcecal (5.19%). Postileal position was not observed in this study. The association between age of the patients and the occurrence of appendicitis was statistically significant (P < 0.05) while the association between sex and position of appendix was not. Conclusion: This study noted the retrocecal position of the appendix to be the most common position. While statistically significant association was noted between age of the patients and the occurrence of appendicitis none was established between sex and position of appendix.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"52 1","pages":"73 - 76"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84694446","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric measurement and cross-sectional surveying of ear pinna characteristics in Northern India","authors":"Nidhi Sharma","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.200914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.200914","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Pinna is a part of external ear. Its lateral surface shows various depressions and elevations, which makes it irregularly concave. Variations in ear proportions during growth, aging, and according to sex were reported. These differences were noticed in diverse ethnic groups such as Italian, European, Caucasian, Turkish, Dutch German, North American, and other countries. However, literature regarding the morphometry of pinna in Indians is lacking. Materials and Methods: Four hundred subjects (200 males and 200 females) between 10 and 50 years of age were selected for the study. According to age, the subjects were divided into four groups (A–D). For the purpose of study, unique digital signal processing technology, the megapixel camera was used to enable high-resolution system. Various anthropometric parameters of the external ear including total length of ear, total width of ear (TWE), total lobule length (TLL), and total lobule width (TLW) were measured by indirect method, and variations according to age and sex were studied. Results: All parameters of the cohort for both left and right ears showed an increase in values with increasing age, but this growth was statistically insignificant. Differences in three parameters of the pinna (TWE, TLL, and TLW) were statistically significant (P < 0.05) in both the sexes. Two important indices (auricular and lobule) were calculated in both the sexes. In males, the right lobule index was found to be statistically higher (P = 0.01) as compared to left one. However, it was not so in females. Conclusion: These parameters become a mainstay for plastic reconstructive surgeries. Besides this, the designing of hearing instruments also requires the information regarding anthropometry of ear in different ethnic groups. Ear dimensions exhibit significant effect of gender also.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"1 1","pages":"102 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78427317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural changes in pancreatic acinar cells and β-cells of rat fed with genetically modified corn","authors":"F. Karawya, E. Metwally","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.200918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.200918","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Genetically modified (GM) organisms have been an issue of intense public concern. Among the different GM organisms, GM plants have attracted a large amount of media attention. Corn used for food has been GM to resist glyphosate herbicide, insect resistance (Bt-corn), and vitamin-enriched corn with increase in β carotene, Vitamin C, and folate. As GM foods are starting to be present in our diet, concerns have been expressed regarding GM food safety. Aim of the Work: The aim was to assess the possible effects arising from GM corn on pancreatic acinar cells and β-cells. Materials and Methods: Twenty rats were divided equally into two groups. Group I (Control Group) received non-GM corn, Group II (The Experimental Group) fed with GM corn for 3 months. After 3 months, blood samples from all rats were collected for blood glucose estimation, and fresh specimens were taken from the pancreas and processed for light and transmission electron microscopic examination. Results: There was a significant increase of blood glucose level in rats fed with GM corn (Group II). Moreover, evident structural changes in the pancreatic acinar cell as evident by interstitial edema, irregular nuclei with dilated perinuclear space, dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum, vacuolation and lysosome-like lamellated structure, decreased electron-dense secretory granules, and formation of apoptotic bodies. Examination of β-cells revealed evident destruction and decreased secretory granules. Conclusion: A diet containing significant amounts of GM corn seems to influence zymogen synthesis in pancreatic acinar cells as well as β-cells function","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"93 1","pages":"77 - 84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85647727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstracts for The SECAN ABRAKA 2016 Conference","authors":"","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.190829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.190829","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"23 1","pages":"62 - 72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77987130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anthropometric and body composition parameters of Kaduna and Rivers State women aged 18–30 years","authors":"P. Victor, B. Danborno, S. Adebisi","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.190820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.190820","url":null,"abstract":"Differences in anthropometry and body composition in populates arising from ecological habitat has been documented in several studies. The study attempted to evaluate the differences between the anthropometric and body composition parameters in young women of Kaduna and Rivers State, Nigeria. The study involved young women, without physical deformities within the age range of 18–30 years (mean age 22.10 ± 2.62 and 22.55 ± 3.78 for Kaduna and Rivers women respectively) that are indigenes of Kaduna and Rivers State. The study was based on a cross-sectional sampling of 788 tertiary institution students (401women from Rivers State females and 387 Kaduna females). The following anthropometric variables were measured: weight to the nearest 0.1 kg and height to the nearest 0.5 cm using a stadiometer, limb circumferences, and body circumferences using a nonstretchable tape. Body composition parameters were measured using bioimpedance analyzer. Data obtained showed that limb circumferences of Kaduna women are signifi cantly higher than Rivers women (P < 0.000 for arm circumference, P < 0.01 for calf circumference, and P < 0.000 for forearm circumference) except for the thigh circumference. However, weight, height, iliac and tricep skinfold of women from Rivers State was signifi cantly higher than Kaduna women (P < 0.01, P < 0.01, P < 0.05, and P < 0.05). Muscle mass, percentage body fat, basal metabolic rate, and metabolic age of Rivers women were signifi cantly higher than that of their Kaduna counterparts at a signifi cant level of P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.01, and P < 0.01, respectively. Rivers state women presented higher anthropometric variables and body composition parameters, but a lower limb circumference than their counterparts from Kaduna State. The difference in body composition could be tied to genetics and physiological variation that exists between individuals of a different population.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"118 1","pages":"49 - 55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88009097","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A retrospective insight into patterns of humeral shaft fractures among Nigerians from radiological viewpoint","authors":"V. Ezeuko, Loveth Ehijele Esechie, Venessa Eseohe Oigbochie, Edwin Ebho‑Oriaze Ighalo","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.190819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.190819","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fractures of the humeral shaft account for 1–3% of all fractures in adults and for 20% of all humeral fractures in some populations. Objective: This study was aimed at classifying the pattern of humeral shaft fractures among Nigerian using the Müller's AO classification system. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out retrospectively at the Department of Medical Records, National Orthopedic Hospital, Igbobi, Lagos State, Nigeria, using plain films from a total number of 206 patients comprising 140 males and 66 females. Humeral shaft fractures were classified according to Müller's classification into three main types with three groups in each type. Results: The result showed that the most frequent type of humeral shaft fractures was simple fractures (76.7% [158/206]) followed by wedge fractures (20.4% [42/206]), whereas the least frequent was the complex fractures (2.9% [6/206]). Among the simple diaphyseal humeral fractures, simple spiral fractures were the most frequent (41.8% [66/168). Among the wedge diaphyseal humeral fractures, spiral wedge fractures were the most frequent (90.5% [38/42]). All the complex diaphyseal humeral fractures were of irregular complex group (12C3; 100% [6/6]). Conclusion: This study showed to a great extent that there is a pattern for diaphyseal humeral fractures among Nigerians. It goes a long way in equipping surgeons, to allow resources to be allocated on the basis of projected frequency of different types of diaphyseal humeral fractures.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"1 1","pages":"43 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83100970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Histological effects of ethanolic leaf extract of Codiaeum variegatum on the cerebrum of adult Wistar rats","authors":"E. Finbarrs-Bello, O. Egwu, V. Atuadu, E. Egwu","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.190823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.190823","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Medicinal plants such as Codiaeum variegatum are recognized therapeutic agents and sources of the drug. The effect of ethanolic extract of C. variegatum was investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Sixteen adult Wistar rats of both sexes weighing between 120 and 180 g were used for the study. They were randomly assigned to four groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 of 4 rats (N = 4) per group. The control (group 1) received 0.1 ml of normal saline, while 2, 3, and 4 experimental groups received 200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg of the leaf extract respectively for 2 weeks. They were sacrificed on the 15th day of the experiment; cerebrum was harvested, processed, and stained using the hematoxylin and eosin histological technique. Results: Sections of the cerebrum of the experimental groups showed sparse cellular population, microglia infiltration, focal, and liquefactive necrosis when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Ethanolic leaf extract of C. variegatum elicits an adverse effect on the cerebrum of adult Wistar rats.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"9 1","pages":"1 - 4"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88570384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cheiloscopy - A diagnostic and deterministic mirror for establishment of person identification and gender discrimination: A study participated by Indian Medical students to aid legal proceedings and criminal investigations","authors":"S. Kundu, Pooja Gangrade, Ravikant Jatwar, D. Rathia","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.190826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.190826","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Positive foolproof identification of known or unknown, living or deceased individuals are the primary universal roles in forensic criminal or social investigations wherein the definite procedures such as finger printing, karyotyping, dental records play the direct role although expensive and technique sensitive. Herein lies the importance of oral and peri oral tissues in which cheiloscopy is an emerging, cost effective and simple technique. Cheiloscopy (derived from the Greek word cheilos which meaning lips) is the study of characteristic patterns of depressions and elevations, anatomically found on oral mucosa. Previous studies have proved that lip prints were unique permanent records of human being analogous to finger prints, hence its classification for a particular individual can be a source of antemortem record in future for a correct identity. Materials and Methods: The study sample comprised of 150 medical students i.e., 88 boys and 62 girls in age group of 18–21 years of Government Medical College, Raigarh, Chhattisgarh. With prior ethical clearance (vide ethical dispatch number 200 dated December 07, 2015) and informed consent, lip prints were recorded by application of a nonsmudged but thin and even coat of dark colored lip stick over the oral labial mucosa of the upper and lower lips and transferring the obtained replica to a cellophane paper fixed on to a permanent bond paper. The lip prints were analyzed with classification of Suzuki and Tsuchihashi for discrimination of gender in addition to individual personal identification and common lip print patterns in Raigarh. Observation and Results: The results showed that of the total 150 students, 133 (88.67%) were correctly identified. The common lip pattern among males in the study was Type III (28.41%). Among females, Type I (33.87%) was the dominant pattern. Males showed grading of lip print pattern as III > IV > II > I' > I > V and females had a grading pattern was of II > I > I' > III > IV > V. Conclusion: As lip prints do not change during the life of a person hence still further studies needs to be undertaken to substantiate the cheiloscopic technique on the upper crest as a predominant technique for personal and gender identification.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"53 1","pages":"31 - 42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74560734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review of abnormal birth positions and complications in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State","authors":"Stella U Ezeobi, Iboro E. Edet, G. Ekandem, V. Archibong","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.190821","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.190821","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Abnormal birth positions persisting to term have been associated with serious complications such as uterine rupture, umbilical cord prolapse, cervical spine injury, nuchal arms, and fetal head entrapment. Aim: The purpose of this study was to find out the most common abnormal birth position, mode of delivery, and associated complications at birth. Materials and Methods: This study covered the period of 5 years from 2005 to 2009 in three major hospitals in Uyo Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State. The hospitals are St. Luke Hospital established in 1937, Mainland Hospital (a private hospital) established in 1975, and University of Uyo Teaching hospital established 1996. Totally, 1100 term singleton fetuses in abnormal birth positions were considered in this study. Results: Six different types of abnormal birth positions were recorded viz.: Breech 70.00% (the most common fetal malposition), transverse lie 14.73%, occiput posterior 8.45%, face presentation 3.27%, shoulder 1.91%, and compound 1.64%. Associated complications observed were umbilical cord prolapse (the most common complication) 6.27%, ruptured uterus 1.64%, and shoulder dislocation 0.54%. The rate of cesarean delivery for these fetuses was high (68.36%) compared to vaginal delivery (31.64%). Conclusion: Pregnant women are hereby encouraged to make childbirth a medically-centered hospital event to avoid unnecessary loss of their lives and/or that of their babies to complications of pregnancy and childbirth.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"117 1","pages":"5 - 8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89407299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is cadaveric dissection vital in anatomy education? Perceptions of 1st and 2nd year medical students","authors":"P. Mwachaka, H. Saidi, Pamela Mandela","doi":"10.4103/1596-2393.190822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/1596-2393.190822","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The use of innovative ways of teaching anatomy as well as shortage of cadavers for dissection have raised questions as to whether dissection should continue to be used in teaching anatomy. This study aimed to assess the views of medical and dental students on the importance of dissection in learning gross anatomy, and whether they would prefer other ways of learning anatomy instead of cadaveric dissection. Materials and Methods: First- and second-year students enrolled at the University of Nairobi (Kenya) were asked to fill an online questionnaire. Data gathered were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Results: Ninety-eight (83 medical and 15 dental) students participated in the study. All students agreed dissection was useful in learning anatomy. Up to 95.2% of medical and 86.7% of dental students favored dissection. Most students strongly agreed or agreed that dissection helped them to develop three-dimensional (3D) awareness of the human body (94.9%), work as a team (89.8%), learn medical terminology (85.7%), and learn how to use basic surgical instruments (80.6%). Dissection was preferred to use of 3D models, prosected specimens, computer-aided learning techniques, or modern imaging techniques by 63.3%, 60.3%, 37.7%, and 34.4% of the students, respectively. Conclusion: Dissection is an important resource for learning anatomy. Other teaching techniques should be used to supplement dissection rather than replace it.","PeriodicalId":15815,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy","volume":"21 1","pages":"14 - 18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73048314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}