Journal of Eye Movement Research最新文献_第8页

Characterising Eye Movement Events with an Unsupervised Hidden Markov Model. 用无监督隐马尔可夫模型表征眼动事件。

IF 2.1 4区心理学

Journal of Eye Movement Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.1.4

Malte Lüken, Šimon Kucharský, Ingmar Visser

{"title":"Characterising Eye Movement Events with an Unsupervised Hidden Markov Model.","authors":"Malte Lüken, Šimon Kucharský, Ingmar Visser","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.1.4","url":null,"abstract":"Eye-tracking allows researchers to infer cognitive processes from eye movements that are classified into distinct events. Parsing the events is typically done by algorithms. Here we aim at developing an unsupervised, generative model that can be fitted to eye-movement data using maximum likelihood estimation. This approach allows hypothesis testing about fitted models, next to being a method for classification. We developed gazeHMM, an algorithm that uses a hidden Markov model as a generative model, has few critical parameters to be set by users, and does not require human coded data as input. The algorithm classifies gaze data into fixations, saccades, and optionally postsaccadic oscillations and smooth pursuits. We evaluated gazeHMM's performance in a simulation study, showing that it successfully recovered hidden Markov model parameters and hidden states. Parameters were less well recovered when we included a smooth pursuit state and/or added even small noise to simulated data. We applied generative models with different numbers of events to benchmark data. Comparing them indicated that hidden Markov models with more events than expected had most likely generated the data. We also applied the full algorithm to benchmark data and assessed its similarity to human coding and other algorithms. For static stimuli, gazeHMM showed high similarity and outperformed other algorithms in this regard. For dynamic stimuli, gazeHMM tended to rapidly switch between fixations and smooth pursuits but still displayed higher similarity than most other algorithms. Concluding that gazeHMM can be used in practice, we recommend parsing smooth pursuits only for exploratory purposes. Future hidden Markov model algorithms could use covariates to better capture eye movement processes and explicitly model event durations to classify smooth pursuits more accurately.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10076077/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9626403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of eye movements on academic performance: A bibliometric and citation network analysis. 眼动对学习成绩的影响:文献计量学和引文网络分析。

IF 2.1 4区心理学

Journal of Eye Movement Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.4.4

Adrián Salgado-Fernández, Ana Vázquez-Amor, Cristina Alvarez-Peregrin, Clara Martinez-Perez, Cesar Villa-Collar, Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena

{"title":"Influence of eye movements on academic performance: A bibliometric and citation network analysis.","authors":"Adrián Salgado-Fernández, Ana Vázquez-Amor, Cristina Alvarez-Peregrin, Clara Martinez-Perez, Cesar Villa-Collar, Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Tena","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Background: For many years it has been studied how eye movements influence reading and learning ability. The objective of this study is to determine the relationships between the different publications and authors. As well as to identify the different areas of research ocular movement.; Methods: Web of Science was the database for the search of publications for the period 1900 to May 2021, using the terms: \"Eye movement\" AND \"Academic achiev*\". The analysis of the publication was performed using the CitNetExplorer, VOSviewer and CiteSpace software.; Results: 4391 publications and 11033 citation networks were found. The year with the most publications is 2018, a total of 318 publications and 10 citation networks. The most cited publication was \"Saccade target selection and object recognition: evidence for a common attentional mechanism.\" published by Deubel et al. in 1999, with a citation index of 214. Using the Clustering function, nine groups were found that cover the main research areas in this field: neurological, age, perceptual attention, visual disturbances, sports, driving, sleep, vision therapy and academic performance.; Conclusion: Even being a multidisciplinary field of study, the topic with the most publications to date is the visual search procedure at the neurological level.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10290898/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9716105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Incorporation of prior knowledge and habits while solving anagrams. 结合先前的知识和习惯，解决字谜。

IF 2.1 4区心理学

Journal of Eye Movement Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.5.5

Jesse Murray, Andrew Sutter, Angelia Lobifaro, Graham Cousens, Minjoon Kouh

引用次数: 0

Book of Abstracts of the 21th European Conference on Eye Movements in Leicester 2022. 莱斯特2022年第21届欧洲眼动会议摘要。

IF 2.1 4区心理学

Journal of Eye Movement Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.5.2

Victoria McGowan, Ascensión Pagán, Kevin B Paterson, David Souto, Rudolf Groner

{"title":"Book of Abstracts of the 21th European Conference on Eye Movements in Leicester 2022.","authors":"Victoria McGowan, Ascensión Pagán, Kevin B Paterson, David Souto, Rudolf Groner","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.5.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.5.2","url":null,"abstract":"Contents Keynotes: Iain Gilchrist: Integrative Active Vision p 5 Ziad Hafed: A Vision for orienting in Primate Oculomotor Control Circuitry p 6 Fatema Ghasia: Miniscule Eye Movements Play a Major Role in Binocular Vision Disorders p.7 Miriam Spering: Eye Movements as a Window into Human Decision-Making p.8 Monica S. Castelhano: Explorations of how Scene Context and Previous Experience Dynamically Influence Attention and Eye Movement Guidance p.9 Symposia: Eye Tracking and the Visual Arts p.19 Eye Movements during Text Processing and Multiline Reading p.23 Unstable Fixation and Nystagmus with a Focus on the Next Generation of Researchers p.84 Eye Movements as a measure of Higher-Level Text Processing p.97 Eye Movements in Memory Processes Between Working Memory and Long-Term Memory p.178 Symposium to Honour Alexander Pollatsek's Legacy to Eye Movement Research p.204 Talks: Reading p.30 Parafoveal Processing p.36 Cinical and Applied p.39 Visual Search p.92 Eye Movement Control in Reading I & II p.104 & 116 & 225 Reading Development p.110 Decision-Making p.122 Eye-tracking Methods p.128 Real World and Virtual Reality p.134 Chinese Reading p.185 Special Populations p.191 Visuo-motor p.195 Bilingual Reading p.201 & 217 Reading Comprehension p.219 Pupillometry p.235 Poster sessions: Attention p.44 & 139 Cognition p. 49 Visuo-Motor p.62 Memory p.145 Methods p.150 Reading p. 57 & 155 Real World p.169 Social Cognition p.173.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10350687/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9839801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The pupil near response is short lasting and intact in virtual reality head mounted displays. 在虚拟现实头戴式显示器中，瞳孔近距离反应持续时间短且完整。

IF 2.1 4区心理学

Journal of Eye Movement Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.3.6

Hidde Pielage, Adriana A Zekveld, Sjors van de Ven, Sophia E Kramer, Marnix Naber

{"title":"The pupil near response is short lasting and intact in virtual reality head mounted displays.","authors":"Hidde Pielage, Adriana A Zekveld, Sjors van de Ven, Sophia E Kramer, Marnix Naber","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"The pupil of the eye constricts when moving focus from an object further away to an object closer by. This is called the pupil near response, which typically occurs together with accommodation and vergence responses. When immersed in virtual reality mediated through a head-mounted display, this triad is disrupted by the vergence-accommodation conflict. However, it is not yet clear if the disruption also affects the pupil near response. Two experiments were performed to assess this. The first experiment had participants follow a target that first appeared at a far position and then moved to either a near position (far-to-near; FN) or to another far position (far-to-far; FF). The second experiment had participants follow a target that jumped between five positions, which was repeated at several distances. Experiment 1 showed a greater pupil constriction amplitude for FN trials, compared to FF trials, suggesting that the pupil near response is intact in head-mounted display mediated virtual reality. Experiment 2 did not find that average pupil dilation differed when fixating targets at different distances, suggesting that the pupil near response is transient and does not result in sustained pupil size changes.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10164449/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9448818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A Meta-analysis on the Effect of Expertise on Eye Movements during Music Reading. 专业知识对音乐阅读时眼球运动影响的meta分析。

IF 2.1 4区心理学

Journal of Eye Movement Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.4.1

Joris Perra, Alice Latimier, Bénédicte Poulin-Charronnat, Thierry Baccino, Véronique Drai-Zerbib

{"title":"A Meta-analysis on the Effect of Expertise on Eye Movements during Music Reading.","authors":"Joris Perra, Alice Latimier, Bénédicte Poulin-Charronnat, Thierry Baccino, Véronique Drai-Zerbib","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.4.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.4.1","url":null,"abstract":"The current meta-analysis was conducted on 12 studies comparing the eye movements of expert versus non-expert musicians and attempted to determine which eye movement measures are expertise dependent during music reading. The total dataset of 61 comparisons was divided into four subsets, each concerning one eye-movement variable (i.e., fixation duration, number of fixations, saccade amplitude, and gaze duration). We used a variance estimation method to aggregate the effect sizes. The results support the robust finding of reduced fixation duration in expert musicians (Subset 1, g = -0.72). Due to low statistical power because of limited effect sizes, the results on the number of fixations, saccade amplitude, and gaze duration were not reliable. We conducted meta-regression analyses to determine potential moderators of the effect of expertise on eye movements (i.e., definition of experimental groups, type of musical task performed, type of musical material used or tempo control). Moderator analyses did not yield any reliable results. The need for consistency in the experimental methodology is discussed.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10266858/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9659494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Perception of Emotion and Postural Stability Control at Different Distances. 不同距离下情绪知觉与姿势稳定性控制。

IF 2.1 4区心理学

Journal of Eye Movement Research Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.15.4.6

Soufien Chikh, Salma Charrada, Eric Watelain

{"title":"Perception of Emotion and Postural Stability Control at Different Distances.","authors":"Soufien Chikh, Salma Charrada, Eric Watelain","doi":"10.16910/jemr.15.4.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.15.4.6","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of emotion on postural control has been widely demonstrated in the literature. Postural control also depends on the distance that separates the subject from the observed stimulus. This work examines (i) the effect of distance on the perception of emotional stimuli and (ii) its effect on postural control. Sixty-eight women were asked to maintain orthostatic equilibrium under three emotional conditions (positive, negative, and neutral) at four distances (0.5 m, 2.1 m, 6 m, and 10 m). The findings showed that the perception of emotions was not influenced by distance but was influenced by valence and intensity, and that postural control was not influenced by emotional valence but by distance, with reduced oscillation amplitudes at 0.5 m distance. The perception of the image (valence and intensity) depended on the content, but not on the distance, and the presentation of emotional images tended to activate the defensive system, regardless of the emotional content. The center of pressure sway amplitude increased with an eye-object distance of up to 6 m (role of vision). The perception of the emotional effect was not linked to the distance effect on the postural control of women in static positions.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10281002/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9711552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Review on Eye-Hand Span in Sight-Reading of Music. 音乐视读中手眼跨度研究述评。

IF 2.1 4区心理学

Journal of Eye Movement Research Pub Date : 2021-11-11 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.14.4.4

Joris Perra, Bénédicte Poulin-Charronnat, Thierry Baccino, Véronique Drai-Zerbib

{"title":"Review on Eye-Hand Span in Sight-Reading of Music.","authors":"Joris Perra, Bénédicte Poulin-Charronnat, Thierry Baccino, Véronique Drai-Zerbib","doi":"10.16910/jemr.14.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.14.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"In a sight-reading task, the position of the eyes on the score is generally further ahead than the note being produced by the instrument. This anticipation allows musicians to identify the upcoming notes and possible difficulties and to plan their gestures accordingly. The eye-hand span (EHS) corresponds to this offset between the eye and the hand and measures the distance or latency between an eye fixation on the score and the production of the note on the instrument. While EHS is mostly quite short, the variation in its size can depend on multiple factors. EHS increases in line with the musician's expertise level, diminishes as a function of the complexity of the score and can vary depending on the context in which it is played. By summarizing the main factors that affect EHS and the methodologies used in this field of study, the present review of the literature highlights the fact that a) to ensure effective sight reading, the EHS must be adaptable and optimized in size (neither too long not too short), with the best sight readers exhibiting a high level of perceptual flexibility in adapting their span to the complexity of the score; b) it is important to interpret EHS in the light of the specificities of the score, given that it varies so much both within and between scores; and c) the flexibility of EHS can be a good indicator of the perceptual and cognitive capacities of musicians, showing that a musician's gaze can be attracted early by a complexity in a still distant part of the score. These various points are discussed in the light of the literature on music-reading expertise. Promising avenues of research using the eye tracking method are proposed in order to further our knowledge of the construction of an expertise that requires multisensory integration.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8612695/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39674729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Multimodality During Fixation - Part II: Evidence for Multimodality in Spatial Precision-Related Distributions and Impact on Precision Estimates. 固定过程中的多模态。第二部分:空间精度相关分布中的多模态的证据和对精度估计的影响。

IF 2.1 4区心理学

Journal of Eye Movement Research Pub Date : 2021-10-28 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.14.3.4

Lee Friedman, Timothy Hanson, Oleg V Komogortsev

{"title":"Multimodality During Fixation - Part II: Evidence for Multimodality in Spatial Precision-Related Distributions and Impact on Precision Estimates.","authors":"Lee Friedman, Timothy Hanson, Oleg V Komogortsev","doi":"10.16910/jemr.14.3.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.16910/jemr.14.3.4","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is a follow-on to our earlier paper (7), which focused on the multimodality of angular offsets. This paper applies the same analysis to the measurement of spatial precision. Following the literature, we refer these measurements as estimates of device precision, but, in fact, subject characteristics clearly affect the measurements. One typical measure of the spatial precision of an eye-tracking device is the standard deviation (SD) of the position signals (horizontal and vertical) during a fixation. The SD is a highly interpretable measure of spread if the underlying error distribution is unimodal and normal. However, in the context of an underlying multimodal distribution, the SD is less interpretable. We will present evidence that the majority of such distributions are multimodal (68-70% strongly multimodal). Only 21-23% of position distributions were unimodal. We present an alternative method for measuring precision that is appropriate for both unimodal and multimodal distributions. This alternative method produces precision estimates that are substantially smaller than classic measures. We present illustrations of both unimodality and multimodality with either drift or a microsaccade present during fixation. At present, these observations apply only to the EyeLink 1000, and the subjects evaluated herein.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8566061/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39864684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Silent versus Reading Out Loud modes: An eye-tracking study. 无声模式与大声朗读模式：一项眼动追踪研究。

IF 2.1 4区心理学

Journal of Eye Movement Research Pub Date : 2021-10-21 eCollection Date: 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.16910/jemr.14.2.1

Ioannis Smyrnakis, Vassilios Andreadakis, Andriani Rina, Nadia Bοufachrentin, Ioannis M Aslanides

{"title":"Silent versus Reading Out Loud modes: An eye-tracking study.","authors":"Ioannis Smyrnakis, Vassilios Andreadakis, Andriani Rina, Nadia Bοufachrentin, Ioannis M Aslanides","doi":"10.16910/jemr.14.2.1","DOIUrl":"10.16910/jemr.14.2.1","url":null,"abstract":"The main purpose of this study is to compare the silent and loud reading ability of typical and dyslexic readers, using eye-tracking technology to monitor the reading process. The participants (156 students of normal intelligence) were first divided into three groups based on their school grade, and each subgroup was then further separated into typical readers and students diagnosed with dyslexia. The students read the same text twice, one time silently and one time out loud. Various eye-tracking parameters were calculated for both types of reading. In general, the performance of the typical students was better for both modes of reading - regardless of age. In the older age groups, typical readers performed better at silent reading. The dyslexic readers in all age groups performed better at reading out loud. However, this was less prominent in secondary and upper secondary dyslexics, reflecting a slow shift towards silent reading mode as they age. Our results confirm that the eye-tracking parameters of dyslexics improve with age in both silent and loud reading, and their reading preference shifts slowly towards silent reading. Typical readers, before 4th grade do not show a clear reading mode preference, however, after that age they develop a clear preference for silent reading.","PeriodicalId":15813,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Eye Movement Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8565638/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39864683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4