{"title":"Stability Of Towfish Used As Sonar Platforms","authors":"J. M. Preston","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607702","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607702","url":null,"abstract":"Motion of a sonar platform, caused by wave-driven motions of the towing vessel, can significantly degrade side-scan sonar images. Most operators are familiar with these effects in rough seas. In lesser waves distortion may make images of metre-sized objects unrecognizable, which is unacceptable in mine countermeasures and undesirable in many other sonar operations. This paper illustrates the distortions which towfish motion can produce, and discusses trials in which towfish motions and techniques to reduce them were investigated.","PeriodicalId":158109,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 92 Proceedings@m_Mastering the Oceans Through Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129151667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distributed Computing Filters : Multisensor Marine Applications","authors":"D. Lainiotis, K. Plataniotis, C. Charalampous","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1992.612700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.612700","url":null,"abstract":"The distributed multisensor estimation problem is considered in this paper, and both the centralized and the de- centralized approach are discussed. The Kalman filter based approaches are compared with the Lainiotis filter based ap- proach, in terms of their computational efficiency and trans- mission requirements. The comparative evaluation shows that using the Lainiotis filter, both in its sequential and distributed form, orders of magnitude decrease in computational require- ments and processing time can be achieved.","PeriodicalId":158109,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 92 Proceedings@m_Mastering the Oceans Through Technology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126936609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On The Gain Available From A Passive Synthetic Aperture Array","authors":"E. Sullivan, W. M. Carey","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1992.612716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.612716","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158109,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 92 Proceedings@m_Mastering the Oceans Through Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130541392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Formulation Of Non-uniform Circular Projector Arrays With Improved Performance","authors":"P. Joseph, P. Pillai","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1992.612713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.612713","url":null,"abstract":"In sonar projector arrays, the acoustic interaction experienced among the elements creates uneven loading on the elementsl resulting in low transmission efficiency, degraded beam characteristics and operating difficulty with the power amplifier. For an efficient and well behaved acoustic array, effective remedial measures should be taken in for design. Structural modification has been presented as an effective measure for reducing this effect. Circular arrays with improved performance are evolved with suitable element distribution and the array parameters having functional dependence on spatial distribution of elements have been worked out and presented in this chapter.","PeriodicalId":158109,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 92 Proceedings@m_Mastering the Oceans Through Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127850823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Models For Natural Resource Damage Assessment Under CERCLA","authors":"M. Reed, D. French","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1992.612652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.612652","url":null,"abstract":"A system of computer models has been developed for assessment of natural resource economic damages resulting from spills of oil and hazardous materials in marine and freshwater environments. The system of models can address a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. The equations describing the motion of both pollutants and biota are solved in three dimensions. The system can simulate continuous releases of a contaminant, with representation of complex coastal boundaries. variable bathymetry, multiple shoreline types. and spatially variable ecosystem habitats. A graphical user interface (GIJI) gives the user facile control of the system, as well as the ability to display elements of the underlying geographical information system (GIS) data base. The model is implemented on a personal microcomputer. The system has been developed for lakes, rivers. estuarine and marine environments. The structure of the system is such that transport to new geographic regions can be accomplished relatively easily, requiring primarily the development of the appropriate physical. toxicological, biological. and economic data sets.","PeriodicalId":158109,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 92 Proceedings@m_Mastering the Oceans Through Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128821166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design And Development Of An Autocalibrating Radiometer For Deep Sea Biooptical Studies","authors":"E. Widder, F. Caimi, L. Taylor, R.F. Tusting","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1992.612748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.612748","url":null,"abstract":"Abstrucr Measurements of light underwater are critical to research investigations involving a wide range of aquatic photo processes. Solid state detectors used in modern underwater irradiance meters are excellent detectors of bright sunlight in surface waters. However, these detectors are not sensitive enough to measure light over the intensity and temporal response range which are characteristic of the photic reactions of many marine organisms. Solar radiation below the epipelagic zone, lunar radiation and bioluminescence all exert a powerful influence on the population dynamics of the marine environment and therefore require accurate quantification. Photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), which have the sensitivity to measure such low intensities are not commonly used in radiometric instruments because they cannot match the accuracy and reliability of solid state detectors in field deployment. The Low Light Auto-Radiometer (LoLAR) was developed to extend the lower limit of contemporary underwater irradiance detectors. The system uses a PMT but circumvents the temperature sensitivity and poor stability of the tube with an internal calibration circuit.","PeriodicalId":158109,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 92 Proceedings@m_Mastering the Oceans Through Technology","volume":"2006 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125560905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fish-induced Bias In Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Data","authors":"H. Freitag, M. Mcphaden, P.E. PuIIen","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607670","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":158109,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 92 Proceedings@m_Mastering the Oceans Through Technology","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125718638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Source Localization In The Presence Of A Mesoscale Eddy","authors":"J. Shorey, L. Nolte","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1992.612724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.612724","url":null,"abstract":"Our simulation configuration consists of several components: a true 3-D ray tracing pro- gram able to account for unsteady inhomogeneous flow in the medium, the GDEM database accessed by a high speed cubic spline, and a current model for a mesoscale eddy. Suitable for parallel processing, this program is used as a tool to localize an acoustic source in the presence of an eddy characterized by two or more unknowns in the environment. Time front struc- tures are used as a basis for localization rather than amplitude fields. Utilizing only current velocity representations for the eddy (not thermal) we have shown how the knowl- edge of the sensitivities of a source localization pro- cessor to an eddy can be advantageous. Namely, an optimal a posteriori source localization processor can be developed that explicitly utilizes the uncertainties in the eddy and outperforms a matched-field processor, particularly for a deep eddy with an unknown range.","PeriodicalId":158109,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 92 Proceedings@m_Mastering the Oceans Through Technology","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125917632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Long Range Acoustic Correlation Current Profiler","authors":"S. Bradley, S. Kuo","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607659","url":null,"abstract":"A new low frequency, long range acoustic correlation current profiller (ACCP) has recently been built and tested. Results indicate that water profiles were successfully measured to depths of approximately U00 meters and seabed returns were recorded to depths of approximately 5000 meters. The ACCP water profiles agree with both the Doppler results and theoretical predictions for signal-to-noise ratio and variance. relatively wide beam acoustic transducer of angular width 8 and frequency f.,. The returning pressure waves are monitored in time at differing spatial locations. The signal return from one receiver at a time, t, will be highly correlated with the return from another receiver at a time e+ P, provided that the scatters have moved exactly one-half the spatial vector difference between the two receivers in a time T,. This effect is referred to as \"waveform invariance\" fl). Equivalently, \"waveform invariance\" implies that the time domain return from a series of stationary scatterers depends not on the exact location of the transmitter and receiver, but rather only on the midpoint of the line segment which joins the transmitter and receiver. The principle of waveform invariant geometry assumes only that the vertical distance to the scatterers is large compared to the transducer element separation. For the correlation sonar, the transducer separations are typically of the same order of magnitude as the wavelength of sound, and therefore this approximation applies in almost every conceivable case. Another interesting feature of waveform invariance is the complete lack of any dependence of the horizontal velocity on the speed of sound in the water.","PeriodicalId":158109,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 92 Proceedings@m_Mastering the Oceans Through Technology","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124934846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"First Successful Rotary Diamond Drilling From Submersibles","authors":"D. Stakes, T. Tengdin","doi":"10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/OCEANS.1992.607707","url":null,"abstract":"Abs t r ac t Chronology and mineralogy studies of \"black-smoker\" sulfide-sulfate deposits required the development of a small diamond-bit drill that could be deployed from a submersible. A core bit surface set with natural diamonds and a concentric double barrel with internal bearing assembly were custom made by scaling down existing designs from Christensen Mining Products. Modifications to the b a r r e l included reducing the overall length, lengthwise splitting of the stainless steel inner barrel , and a basket-style core catcher to be deployed In series with a conventional collet-type core catcher. The dril l is hydraulically powered with pilot cont ro l on rotational speed, fluid circulation flow and weight on bit. This drill has been successfully deployed on three cruises recovering cores that measure up to 48 cm in length through the walls of active black smoker chimneys [l]. A manifold to obtain multiple cores per dive is under development and the tool is being adapted to ROV deployment. Th i s pape r details the development of this tool, the constraints imposed by submersible deployment, and the possibilities for a new generation of in situ experiments based on this technology.","PeriodicalId":158109,"journal":{"name":"OCEANS 92 Proceedings@m_Mastering the Oceans Through Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1992-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128040771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}