Conservation Letters最新文献

{"title":"Conservation and human rights: The public commitments of international conservation organizations","authors":"Nicholas Ford-Learner,&nbsp;Jane Addison,&nbsp;Patrick Smallhorn-West","doi":"10.1111/conl.13035","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13035","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To ensure the protection of both people and nature, conservation practitioners have a responsibility to integrate human rights considerations into their conservation policies and practices. Here, we (i) develop a human rights-based scoring framework for international conservation organization (NGO) policy commitments and (ii) use this to conduct a gap analysis of policy commitments for nine NGOs, which collectively contribute approximately $1.86 billion USD annually to the global conservation budget. While progress has been made, critical gaps remain in commitments to certain rights and recognizing local groups' rights and knowledge, particularly around social development and decent work, recognitional equity, and commitments to implement human rights-based approach principles. Given the influence of these organizations in global public discourse, more comprehensive public commitments to human rights will likely increase compliance with international law, drive organizational change, and help rebuild trust with vulnerable communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establish an US Interagency Wildlife Trade Data System to meet scientific and policy goals","authors":"Jamie K. Reaser","doi":"10.1111/conl.13039","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13039","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Although widely regarded as the go-to for comprehensive wildlife trade data (Eskew et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;; Watters et al., &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;), short comings of the US Fish &amp; Wildlife (USFWS) Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS) have been noted for decades (GAO, &lt;span&gt;1994&lt;/span&gt;; Reaser &amp; Waugh, &lt;span&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;). Most recently, Weissgold (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) recommended measures to improve LEMIS quality controls necessary for accurate scientific interpretation and policy application. The temptation to improve LEMIS for such aims is laudable yet inconsistent with its intended function. LEMIS is a law enforcement information system managed by law enforcement staff. It was never envisioned as a platform for advancing scientific goals and it is unlikely to be reprogrammed for such purpose due to limitations of authority and administration. There is substantial need to improve LEMIS data quality to better its regulatory function. Consequently, this can improve scientific application potential, but substantial analytical limits will remain.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;LEMIS data are a subset of the multiagency data relative to US wildlife importation. Consistent with the whole of government, science-based approach promulgated by the Executive Office of the President (e.g., The White House, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;), the United States urgently needs to establish an Interagency Wildlife Trade Data System (IWTDS) to meet priority scientific and policy goals across the environmental, food security, and human health sectors. Calls for such a system have been made by the government accounting officers (GAO, &lt;span&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;) and interagency bodies (e.g., Reaser et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;) for decades.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Wildlife trade data are a fundamental resource for preventing species endangerment as well as mitigating invasive species and zoonotic disease risks. Ideally, IWTDS would be administered by a team of information officers with substantial scientific credentials who collectively serve the six federal agencies that have authorities relative to the US trade in live wildlife and/or derivatives: Customs and Border Protection (Department of Homeland Security), USFWS (Department of the Interior), Animal Health and Inspection Service (Department of Agriculture), Centers for Disease Control (Health and Human Services), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Department of Commerce), and the Food and Drug Administration.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In order to facilitate interagency wildlife import data collection, access, management, and analyses, IWTDS policies, standards, formats, and protocols must: (1) enable interoperability of agency-specific trade data platforms; (2) allow for direct access by certified agency personnel; (3) integrate an alert system that informs the agencies when and where a wildlife species under their authority is anticipated to enter the United States; (4) establish a shared directory of terms and codes; (5) harmonize terms,","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141448878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An operational methodology to identify Critical Ecosystem Areas to help nations achieve the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework","authors":"Ruben Venegas-Li,&nbsp;Hedley S. Grantham,&nbsp;Hugo Rainey,&nbsp;Alex Diment,&nbsp;Robert Tizard,&nbsp;James E. M. Watson","doi":"10.1111/conl.13037","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13037","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) will become the most important multilateral agreement to guide biodiversity conservation actions globally over the coming decades. An ecosystem goal and various targets for maintaining integrity, restoring degraded ecosystems, and achieving representation in conservation areas feature throughout the GBF. Here, we provide an operational framework that combines disparate information on ecosystem type, extent, integrity, protection levels, and risk of collapse to support identifying irreplaceable “Critical Ecosystem Areas” (CEAs), to help implement these ecosystem targets. The framework classifies each component ecosystem based on its integrity, importance in ensuring no ecosystem collapse, and relative value in achieving ecosystem-specific representation targets. These CEAs are immediate conservation opportunities given that they achieve multiple ecosystem GBF goals and targets, and we showcase its application using Myanmar's forested ecosystems as a case study.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141445004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy diffusion in global biodiversity conservation: Learning, competition, coercion, and emulation amid US–China great-power politics","authors":"Hubert Cheung,&nbsp;Annie Young Song,&nbsp;Moreno Di Marco,&nbsp;Duan Biggs","doi":"10.1111/conl.13026","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13026","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coordinated policies and effective global environmental governance are needed to address the global biodiversity crisis. Human dimensions like geopolitics influence conservation decision-making and outcomes. The importance of considering these complex social factors is heightened in an era of renewed great-power politics, as the intensifying US–China rivalry has direct implications for environmental governance and biodiversity outcomes. Can the US–China rivalry and its confrontational dynamics be channeled into conservation policymaking to improve biodiversity outcomes? Drawing from international relations and policy studies, policy diffusion theory can provide conservationists with useful insights into the interdependency of policy decisions. Here, we examine the four mechanisms—competition, coercion, learning, and emulation—of the classic model of policy diffusion theory in the context of environmental policymaking. We explore a case study for each mechanism to illustrate how it can benefit biodiversity conservation, and point to examples of relevant policies and actions that could improve outcomes. To operationalize this concept for conservation, we present a decision tree that conservationists can use to determine the most relevant policy diffusion mechanism in different policy contexts. Upon determining the appropriate mechanism, conservationists can take further steps to intentionally trigger the mechanism and catalyze conservation policy diffusion across jurisdictions.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13026","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141329485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concerning data absent from LEMIS wildlife trade records","authors":"Orion Goodman,&nbsp;Jonathan E. Kolby","doi":"10.1111/conl.13034","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13034","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;International wildlife trade is implicitly complex and esoteric. Oftentimes, the data are doubly so, as crucial contextual information is not readily apparent. Working effectively with these data often requires a robust comprehension of international and domestic trade processes as well as their intersections with national policy administration, conservation, and ecological processes. Weissgold (&lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;) calls attention to important limitations affecting the utility of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) Law Enforcement Management Information System (LEMIS) wildlife trade data. However, to prevent further misunderstanding of the LEMIS system, it is necessary to address a sentiment expressed by Weissgold regarding the apparent incompleteness of LEMIS records. The goal of this response is to help researchers working with LEMIS data understand that the LEMIS Declaration subsystem documents a specific subset of international wildlife trade. This understanding is vital for accurate analyses.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As Weissgold states, LEMIS wildlife trade data are typically extracted from the LEMIS Declaration subsystem, which omits many confirmed occurrences of illegal wildlife trade interdiction. Wildlife trade activity must qualify as an import or an export before it is eligible to become a LEMIS wildlife trade database record. LEMIS wildlife trade data are records of wildlife trade events processed by USFWS wildlife inspectors, whose jurisdiction is defined by inspection, search, and seizure authority at international land, sea, and air borders as well as at functional equivalents of the border (USFWS, &lt;span&gt;2008a&lt;/span&gt;). Satisfaction of this “border nexus” condition underpins the USFWS Office of Law Enforcement's (OLE) review of trade declarations for internationally traded wildlife (USFWS, &lt;span&gt;2008b&lt;/span&gt;). Domestic instances of illegal wildlife trade handled by USFWS OLE special agents, whether the wildlife was ultimately intended for export or not, are documented elsewhere within LEMIS and must be specifically requested from the Investigations, Violations, or other LEMIS subsystems (USDOI, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). The absence of these records from the LEMIS Declaration subsystem data is not a result of procedural or data entry errors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;LEMIS data users should also note that the LEMIS Declaration subsystem is not a complete record of lawful U.S. international wildlife trade and information gaps abound. If a trade event satisfies any of a series of conditions prescribed by USFWS and the wildlife is not protected by key U.S. legislation such as the Endangered Species Act, Marine Mammal Act, the Lacey Act, etc., then the import (or export) may be exempt from declaration to the USFWS and thus not recorded in LEMIS (Table 1) (U.S.C Title 50 §, &lt;span&gt;14.62&lt;/span&gt;; U.S.C Title 50 §, &lt;span&gt;14.64&lt;/span&gt;). In a dataset as large as LEMIS, records skewed towards or against the recording of certain taxa or types of trade can lead to misrepresentation","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141304693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Solar photovoltaic energy development and biodiversity conservation: Current knowledge and research gaps","authors":"Julia Gómez-Catasús,&nbsp;Manuel B. Morales,&nbsp;David Giralt,&nbsp;David González del Portillo,&nbsp;Robert Manzano-Rubio,&nbsp;Laura Solé-Bujalance,&nbsp;Francesc Sardà-Palomera,&nbsp;Juan Traba,&nbsp;Gerard Bota","doi":"10.1111/conl.13025","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13025","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Solar photovoltaic (PV) has become the second renewable energy source, giving rise to potential conflicts with biodiversity conservation. However, the information available about the impacts and mitigation measures of solar PV energy is scarce and scattered, and a rigorous and comprehensive review on the topic is lacking. Here, we review the state of knowledge on its impacts and mitigation measures and identify main knowledge gaps. For that, we reviewed more than 2000 articles, out of which only 180 assessed the impacts of solar PV (<i>N</i> = 138) and/or propose mitigation measures (65). Even though Asia and Europe head the list of regions with the highest PV installed capacity (59% and 22%, respectively), a large portion of the existing knowledge is drawn from North American environmental contexts (48% of the studies), specifically from deserts (41%). Impacts were addressed on plants (26%), arthropods (14%), birds (10%), microorganisms (10%), reptiles (7%), mammals (4%), and bats (1%), but also on abiotic factors (e.g., humidity and temperature; 20%) and ecosystem services (3%). Most studies addressed the impact of PV on habitat alteration at landscape (33%) and microhabitat scale (20%), and on microclimate at microhabitat scale (17%), but other topics have been scarcely addressed (e.g., impact on microclimate at landscape scale or the potential of agrivoltaic systems). Lastly, 53% of the studies employed a single PV facility, and preconstruction situations were rarely reported (8%). There is a strong environmental context bias in the current understanding of PV impacts, which might not be extrapolable to other environmental situations like farmlands, where most of the solar PV capacity is being installed. Moreover, standardized and robust sampling designs are lacking to address cumulative, long-term, and long-scale impacts and produce comparable findings across contexts. Given the lack of empirical evidence and the irrepressible development of PV energy, it is advisable to apply an iterative monitoring and adaptive process to guarantee a safe energy transition. This review may provide useful guidance on prioritizing research efforts for a smooth shift to renewable energy.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13025","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141257444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Addressing the Southeast Asian snaring crisis: Impact of 11 years of snare removal in a biodiversity hotspot","authors":"Andrew Tilker,&nbsp;Jürgen Niedballa,&nbsp;Hung Luong Viet,&nbsp;Jesse F. Abrams,&nbsp;Lucile Marescot,&nbsp;Nicholas Wilkinson,&nbsp;Benjamin M. Rawson,&nbsp;Rahel Sollmann,&nbsp;Andreas Wilting","doi":"10.1111/conl.13021","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13021","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Unsustainable snaring is causing biodiversity declines across tropical protected areas, resulting in species extinctions and jeopardizing the health of forest ecosystems. Here, we used 11 years of ranger-collected data to assess the impact of intensive snare removal on snaring levels in two protected areas in Viet Nam. Snare removal resulted in significant declines in snare occupancy (36.9, 95% Bayesian credible interval [4.6, 59.0] reduction in percent area occupied), but snaring levels nonetheless remained high (31.4, [23.6, 40.8] percent area occupied), and came with a substantial financial cost. Our results indicate that snare removal remains an important component of efforts to protect tropical protected areas but by itself is likely insufficient to address this threat. To stop snaring in protected areas, a multifaceted approach will be necessary that combines short-term reactive snare removal with long-term proactive programs that address the underlying drivers behind snaring.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13021","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141236086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse approaches to protecting biodiversity: The different conservation measures discussed as possible other effective area-based conservation measures","authors":"Carly N. Cook","doi":"10.1111/conl.13027","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13027","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs) create opportunities for a wide range of area-based conservation strategies. As countries seek to integrate OECMs into conservation planning, it is useful to consider the types of areas that might meet the formal criteria. To support this goal, I analyzed the different types of measures discussed as possible OECMs in the literature, identifying a wide range of measures, far more diverse than those currently recognized as OECMs. There was a strong emphasis on measures with conservation as a secondary management objective, with most studies being supportive of the potential to balance biodiversity conservation and sustainable resource use. However, many studies have highlighted the need to ensure biodiversity outcomes are achieved and sustained, and that appropriate governance and management structures are in place. Concerns were raised about measures associated with resource extraction, such as fisheries and forestry, which were often considered incompatible with conservation. Very few studies offered a nuanced discussion of specific measures or evaluated whether sites offer conservation outcomes, leaving clear knowledge gaps in translating speculation into evidence. Nevertheless, the current literature offers a strong starting point from which to target potential case studies to build the evidence base necessary to advance OECMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13027","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141177600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corporate disclosures need a biodiversity outcome focus and regulatory backing to deliver global conservation goals","authors":"Louise Mair,&nbsp;Marwa Elnahass,&nbsp;Erwei Xiang,&nbsp;Frank Hawkins,&nbsp;Juha Siikamaki,&nbsp;Laura Hillis,&nbsp;Stephen Barrie,&nbsp;Philip J. K. McGowan","doi":"10.1111/conl.13024","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13024","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To achieve the goals of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (KMGBF), agreed by Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity, there is an urgent need to address the economic drivers of biodiversity loss. The KMGBF includes a target to <i>encourage</i> businesses and financial institutions to disclose their impacts and dependences on biodiversity. While transparent biodiversity disclosures could help shift business operations away from activities that harm biodiversity, the weak target wording implies voluntary and unstandardized disclosures, which tend to be low quality and ineffective. Moreover, examination of scientific and practical insights strongly indicates that the evolving strategy of disclosures led by businesses may prioritize short-term business and investment interests while neglecting biodiversity outcomes and the wider systemic risks they pose. We argue that there is a risk of limited if not altogether perverse outcomes from the target, where businesses provide ambiguous disclosures that fail to reduce impacts on biodiversity, yet an increase in volume and frequency of disclosures suggests progress toward the target. Consequently, we advocate for a regulatory approach, supported by scientific engagement in the development of disclosure standards and associated policy indicators, to ensure that the emerging response to the KMGBF target on disclosures avoids perverse outcomes and instead results in positive impacts on biodiversity.</p>","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13024","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141085612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urgent actions needed by digital services platforms to help achieve conservation and public health goals","authors":"Daniel J. Ingram,&nbsp;Thais Q. Morcatty,&nbsp;Hani R. El Bizri,&nbsp;Mahesh Poudyal,&nbsp;Edward Mundy","doi":"10.1111/conl.13023","DOIUrl":"10.1111/conl.13023","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Wildlife use is widespread across the world where animals and their derivates are consumed and/or traded (Ingram et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). When the use is unsustainable, it is a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide, with profound consequences for ecosystem services and functions (IPBES, &lt;span&gt;2022&lt;/span&gt;). In December 2022, Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity adopted the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, agreeing to achieve the sustainable use and management of biodiversity as one of four central goals by 2050. Furthermore, the COVID-19 pandemic has focussed global attention on the wildlife trade and potential risk of zoonotic emerging infectious disease spread. From February 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) has been negotiating drafts of a global Pandemic Agreement, calling for collective action on pandemic prevention, preparedness, and response, including the need to “take measures to reduce risks of zoonotic spill-over” (Article 4; World Health Organisation, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). Given how wholly interconnected these issues are, leveraging approaches that tackle integrated issues around the health of people, animals, and ecosystems, such as One Health and Planetary Health approaches (de Castañeda et al., &lt;span&gt;2023&lt;/span&gt;), will be paramount to addressing the global challenges of biodiversity loss and zoonotic disease emergence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Managing the use of wildlife can be challenging for many reasons, including the number of actors involved along varied supply chains across rural and urban areas, the complexities around the legality of trade in different circumstances, and the capacities of governments to act (Ingram et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). The COVID-19 pandemic prompted a worldwide initiative to end the wildlife trade (Coalition to End the Trade, &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;), resulting in certain countries banning physical wildlife markets. Yet, it is becoming increasingly evident that digital services platforms, particularly social media platforms, are playing a pivotal role in the legal and illegal trade of wildlife (Morcatty et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Yet, little has been done to stem the illegal online trade of wildlife, which undermines efforts to manage the trade effectively, sustainably, and safely (Morcatty et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). Here, we highlight two major ways in which technology companies running global social media, e-commerce (marketplaces), and content-sharing platforms (hereafter just “tech companies”) can assist in achieving the goals of the Kunming–Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework and the WHO Pandemic Agreement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For the latter, examples could include public lists of tech companies, which are not part of groups working to reduce online illegal wildlife trade (Sebagh, &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;), and transparent monitoring of such groups to ensure that activities are taking place and reporting tools are effective. Furthermore, monitored trade should not only include high-value w","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"17 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2024-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/conl.13023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141074082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}