Conservation Letters最新文献_第4页

The Paradox of Success in Conservation Performance Payments: Rising Costs and Declining Trust in Sweden's Carnivore Policy 保护绩效报酬成功的悖论：瑞典食肉动物政策的成本上升和信任度下降

IF 7.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Conservation Letters Pub Date : 2026-05-31 DOI: 10.1111/con4.70057

Hanna L. Pettersson, Malin Aronsson, Jens Persson

{"title":"The Paradox of Success in Conservation Performance Payments: Rising Costs and Declining Trust in Sweden's Carnivore Policy","authors":"Hanna L. Pettersson, Malin Aronsson, Jens Persson","doi":"10.1111/con4.70057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/con4.70057","url":null,"abstract":"Human–wildlife coexistence is central to global biodiversity agendas, yet can impose substantial costs on affected communities. Conservation Performance Payments (CPPs), which reward participants for wildlife presence, aim to redistribute these costs and reduce conflicts. Sweden's state-funded CPP for Indigenous Sámi reindeer herders to share space with wolverines, lynx, and wolves is the oldest scheme of its kind and widely hailed as best practice for coexistence. Drawing on interviews, ecological data, and policy records spanning nearly three decades, we assess its operation in Norrbotten County, a hotspot for wolverines and herding communities. We show that scheme effectiveness has not been sustained: Payments do not match rising coexistence costs, monitoring methods have become unreliable under changing climate conditions, and participants’ trust in the system has eroded. The resulting loss of legitimacy coincides with a reversal of the regional wolverine recovery previously enabled by the scheme. Our findings illuminate a dilemma for results-based payments: success increases costs, demanding sustained institutional accountability and adaptive management. Without this, pressure mounts on local communities, undermining social justice and conservation goals. We conclude that CPPs can be a valuable complementary tool for coexistence, if designed to adapt to socio-ecological change, rising costs, and participants’ needs over time.","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Conservation Through Criminalization? Rethinking Environmental Crime in Policy and Practice 通过定罪来保护环境？环境犯罪在政策与实践中的反思

IF 7.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Conservation Letters Pub Date : 2026-05-29 DOI: 10.1111/con4.70062

Chad Patrick Osorio

{"title":"Conservation Through Criminalization? Rethinking Environmental Crime in Policy and Practice","authors":"Chad Patrick Osorio","doi":"10.1111/con4.70062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/con4.70062","url":null,"abstract":"As global biodiversity faces a steep decline and transnational environmental crises intensify, calls to criminalize conservation harms have gained momentum. This Perspective argues that criminal law can indeed play a legitimate role in conservation governance, but only under limited and identifiable conditions. While criminalization can serve as a deterrent against conservation harms and signal societal condemnation, its implementation poses challenges, including the imposition of more complex rules on evidence, punitive excess, and the risk of further marginalizing (Indigenous) communities. From the legal practitioners’ perspective, we argue that conservation policy must approach criminal justice with sufficient caution. Criminalization is most defensible where harms are serious, culpability is sufficiently clear, civil and administrative remedies are inadequate, and enforcement can be implemented without disproportionately burdening marginalized communities or undermining local legitimacy. By mapping where criminal law complements or otherwise complicates conservation goals, we propose a conditional criminal justice framework for designing more just, efficient, and effective responses to environmental and conservation harms. Rather than endorsing punitive expansion in general, we provide when preventive, restorative, or community-led approaches are preferable.","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148167079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Anchoring India's Umbrella Species to Biodiversity and Climate Gains 将印度的保护伞物种固定在生物多样性和气候收益上

IF 7.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Conservation Letters Pub Date : 2026-05-29 DOI: 10.1111/con4.70059

Aakash Lamba, Yiwen Zeng, Rachakonda Sreekar, Anushka Rege, Hoong Chen Teo, Lian Pin Koh

{"title":"Anchoring India's Umbrella Species to Biodiversity and Climate Gains","authors":"Aakash Lamba, Yiwen Zeng, Rachakonda Sreekar, Anushka Rege, Hoong Chen Teo, Lian Pin Koh","doi":"10.1111/con4.70059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/con4.70059","url":null,"abstract":"Policies for nature-based climate solutions and biodiversity conservation are intrinsically linked but seldom aligned, potentially leading to inefficient use of limited environmental budgets. We propose that countries can harness species-specific legislation to simultaneously conserve biodiversity and natural carbon stocks, helping bridge this gap. For instance, this approach has proven effective in India, where tiger conservation has delivered both biodiversity and climate benefits through area-based protection. Expanding this model, we identify additional species with similar potential. Focusing on 160 legally protected and threatened vertebrates in India, we find that protecting the habitat of any one of nine key species could safeguard over a third of the nation's above-ground carbon (∼1.1 GtC) and vertebrate diversity (> 700 species). We further evaluate whether expanding protection within each candidate species’ unprotected habitat aligns with high-value conservation areas outside the existing protected area network. This offers a tangible, underused strategy for aligning India's climate and biodiversity goals.","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148166975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 7.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Conservation Letters Pub Date : 2026-05-25

引用次数: 0

Causes and Correlates of Unsustainable Scuba Diving Tourism on Coral Reefs 珊瑚礁上不可持续的水肺潜水旅游的原因和相关因素

IF 7.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Conservation Letters Pub Date : 2026-05-25 DOI: 10.1111/con4.70055

Bing Lin, Tom Bearpark, Ronan C. Roche, Jacobo McGuire, Raymond Jakub, Derta Prabuning, Elke U. Weber, David S. Wilcove

{"title":"Causes and Correlates of Unsustainable Scuba Diving Tourism on Coral Reefs","authors":"Bing Lin, Tom Bearpark, Ronan C. Roche, Jacobo McGuire, Raymond Jakub, Derta Prabuning, Elke U. Weber, David S. Wilcove","doi":"10.1111/con4.70055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/con4.70055","url":null,"abstract":"Coral reef ecosystems are major tourism destinations facing unprecedented decline. Scuba diving, often promoted as sustainable and non-extractive, can directly and indirectly degrade reefs. Using video-assisted observations and post-dive questionnaires, we quantified observed and self-reported reef contacts, damages, and attitudes among 732 scuba divers across Indonesia and the Philippines. Divers made 0.26 ± 0.02 reef contacts min−1 (mean ± SE), with a few outliers responsible for disproportionately high rates. Unintentional and/or unnoticed damages dominated impacts, comprising 81.9% of damaging contacts. Divers overestimated their abilities relative to peers (illusory superiority; ∼75% rated themselves above average) and relative to observed behavior (attitude–behavior gap; underestimating reef contacts by 4.92 ± 0.93-fold; mean ± bootstrapped SE). Overconfidence was greatest among the least competent divers, consistent with the Dunning–Kruger effect. Random forest analyses identified accessory use (especially cameras), operator eco-certification status (Green Fins), peer behavior, and wildlife encounters as key correlates of reef contacts. Fixed-effects models showed contacts more than doubled when other contemporaneous divers touched the reef, and wildlife sightings increased intentional, unintentional, and damaging contacts by 220%, 85%, and 106%, respectively, revealing a tourism paradox in which wildlife encounters elevate behaviors that degrade the very habitats upon which those wildlife depend.","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148049890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Improving the Classification of Wildlife Conservation Status to Support Nature Protection in the European Union 改进野生动物保护状况分类以支持欧盟的自然保护

IF 7.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Conservation Letters Pub Date : 2026-05-21 DOI: 10.1111/con4.70039

Marco Davoli, Martin Jung, Piero Visconti, Carlo Rondinini, Alessandra D´Alessio, Michela Pacifici

{"title":"Improving the Classification of Wildlife Conservation Status to Support Nature Protection in the European Union","authors":"Marco Davoli, Martin Jung, Piero Visconti, Carlo Rondinini, Alessandra D´Alessio, Michela Pacifici","doi":"10.1111/con4.70039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/con4.70039","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring that species of conservation concern achieve favorable conservation status (FCS) is central to European Union (EU) biodiversity conservation targets. A key criterion for FCS is exceeding the favorable reference range (FRR)—the range extent needed to support long-term species stability across sufficient environmental variation. However, FRRs are often unknown, undermining their applicability. We developed a machine-learning approach based on the assumption that species with similar traits and habitats share comparable range requirements to estimate and standardize FRRs across the EU. Applied to amphibians, mammals, and reptiles, our method provided FRRs for 99.5% species of conservation concern, compared to 17.5% previously available (with satisfactory modeling performance: R2 0.75). We compared current ranges with estimated FRRs, finding that only 34.8% of cases meet or exceed FRR expectations, notably fewer than reported in official documentation (79%). Our approach may support periodic FCS reassessments and help refine the targets of EU conservation policies.","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70039","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148049162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 7.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Conservation Letters Pub Date : 2026-05-21

引用次数: 0

High-Resolution Range Mapping of Mycorrhizal Fungal Species Reveals Systematic Biases in Their Protection 菌根真菌物种的高分辨率范围映射揭示了其保护的系统性偏差

IF 7.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Conservation Letters Pub Date : 2026-05-19 DOI: 10.1111/con4.70051

Clara Qin, Sujai Kumar, Jinsu Elhance, Bethan F. Manley, Adriana Corrales, Anne Polyakov, Justin D. Stewart, Stephanie Kivlin, Iñaki Odriozola, Tomáš Větrovský, Petr Kohout, Petr Baldrian, E. Toby Kiers, Michael E. Van Nuland

{"title":"High-Resolution Range Mapping of Mycorrhizal Fungal Species Reveals Systematic Biases in Their Protection","authors":"Clara Qin, Sujai Kumar, Jinsu Elhance, Bethan F. Manley, Adriana Corrales, Anne Polyakov, Justin D. Stewart, Stephanie Kivlin, Iñaki Odriozola, Tomáš Větrovský, Petr Kohout, Petr Baldrian, E. Toby Kiers, Michael E. Van Nuland","doi":"10.1111/con4.70051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/con4.70051","url":null,"abstract":"Mycorrhizal fungi are essential to ecosystem functioning but have been overlooked in conservation agendas due to data limitations and a historical focus on plants and animals. We present the first global, species-level assessment of the area-based conservation of mycorrhizal fungi. Using 16.5 million site-by-taxon presence–absence records, we created kilometer-scale range maps for 189 arbuscular mycorrhizal and 2669 ectomycorrhizal species hypotheses. By intersecting these range maps with protected areas, we show that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are less protected than expected by random chance, and both guilds are less protected than terrestrial mammals. The Species Protection Index (SPI) measures the protection of species ranges, but it is sensitive to estimated range size. Nonetheless, the SPI framework can be used with our maps to monitor and inform mycorrhizal fungal habitat protection. Our findings highlight the value of species-level spatial data in fungal conservation planning to mitigate extinction risks associated with habitat loss.","PeriodicalId":157,"journal":{"name":"Conservation Letters","volume":"19 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.7,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/con4.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148049073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

IF 7.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Conservation Letters Pub Date : 2026-05-19

引用次数: 0

IF 7.7 1区环境科学与生态学

Conservation Letters Pub Date : 2026-05-17

引用次数: 0