Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare最新文献

{"title":"A Rare Case of Bilobed Giant Peritoneal Loose Body","authors":"S. Nasrin, Susmita Mahata, S. Mandal","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/633","url":null,"abstract":"A 50-year-old male patient was referred to Department of Radiodiagnosis for evaluation of a longstanding intermittent abdominal pain associated with a palpable mass migrating in different quadrants of the abdomen and had gradually increased in size over last few years. The initial ultrasonographic (USG) evaluation revealed a well circumscribed bilobed hypoechoic pelvic solid space occupying lesion (SOL) with central calcific foci. Subsequent contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging showed a 10.1 x 7.5 x 5.8 cm, bilobed non-enhancing pelvic mass with central dense calcific foci and concentric soft tissue layers of different attenuation. The mass was diagnosed to be a giant peritoneal loose body (gPLB) and confirmed by surgical exploration.","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86286481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study on Prevalence of Thyroid Dysfunction and Dyslipidaemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital - Kottayam, Kerala","authors":"Prasanth Thankappan","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/630","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/630","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND It has been noted of the interdependence and impact of diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction on each other. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was found to be higher in individuals with diabetes mellitus. Most commonly associated thyroid dysfunction in diabetes was hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism can precipitate complications in diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of thyroid dysfunction and dyslipidaemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. METHODS This cross-sectional study included a total number of 100 type-2 diabetic patients aged >15 years. All the patients were evaluated for thyroid dysfunction and dyslipidaemia by estimating triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGA-c), high density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C)].The correlation of prevalence of thyroid disorder with gender distribution, age distribution, HbA1C, duration of diabetes, family history of thyroid disorder, body mass index (BMI), usage of oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHA’s) and insulin and dyslipidaemia was carried out. The observations and interpretations were recorded and results obtained were statistically analysed. This study was conducted from December 2018 to November 2019 at Government Medical College, Kottayam, Kerala. RESULTS The study revealed a high prevalence (26 %) of thyroid disorders in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), most common being hypothyroidism (20 %) which was further found to be more in females, patients with uncontrolled diabetes i.e. HbA1C values ≥ 8.7 or patients on OHA and patients with BMI > 25. High prevalence of dyslipidaemia in diabetics (62 %) was observed; of which 51 % had hypertriglyceridaemia, 49 % had decreased HDL-C, 47 % had hyper cholesterolaemia and 43 % had increased LDL-C. Only 30.6 % diabetics with dyslipidaemia had thyroid dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS Screening of thyroid dysfunction should be done in all diabetic patients especially in patients with poor glycaemic control as micro vascular complications were commonly observed in this group of patients with dual endocrine disorders. There is a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia in diabetics. KEYWORDS Diabetes Mellitus, Thyroid Dysfunction, Dyslipidemia","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84394415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study on Intrathecal Hyperbaric and Hypobaric Bupivacaine in Unilateral Lower Limb Surgeries under Lumbar Sub-Arachnoid Block Held at Central Region of Kerala","authors":"V. Cherian, Sunilkumar T.S., Shamsad Beegum T.S., S. P","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/626","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND This study compared the characteristics of hyperbaric and hypobaric bupivacaine in patients undergoing unilateral lower limb surgeries under lumbar subarachnoid block with regard to their onset and level of sensory and motor blockades, haemodynamic stability, and recovery profile in terms of analgesic duration and motor recovery. METHODS This is a comparative study. Two groups, each of 36 patients who satisfied American society of Anaesthesiologist (ASA) I & II aged 18 – 65 years, were observed intra operatively and during immediate post-operative period. Group 1 received 2.4 ml of 0.5 % bupivacaine (heavy) with operated limb in dependent position. Group 2 received 4 ml of reconstituted hypobaric bupivacaine 0.3 %, with the operated limb positioned in non-dependent position. Onset, level and duration of motor and sensory block, hemodynamic changes and duration of surgical analgesia were compared between groups. RESULTS The level of sensory block attained in the hypobaric group was at T12 with maximum at T9, in the hyperbaric group it is variable and at higher level. Duration of sensory blockade was less with hypobaric. Motor block of modified Bromage scale 3 after 10 minutes was none in group 2 and 91.7 % in group 1. Significant fall in systolic blood pressure at 15 to 30 minutes and diastolic BP at 15 and 20 minutes was noted in hyperbaric group after subarachnoid block. There was significant percentage of change in systolic blood pressure from 4 to 70 minutes and mean arterial pressure (MAP) from 4 to 90 minutes in hyperbaric group. Duration of surgical analgesia in hypobaric group was longer compared to hyper baric. CONCLUSIONS Intrathecal hypobaric bupivacaine showed better haemodynamic stability and longer duration of analgesia in comparison with hyperbaric bupivacaine in lower limb surgeries. KEYWORDS Anaesthesia, Bupivacaine, Hypobaric, Subarachnoid Block","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"309 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82893615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Mammography and Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Breast Lesions with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology – A Cross Sectional Study in East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh","authors":"S. D., A. S., Prasanna Pidaparti L.V.S.S.N., J. T, Mythri Priyadarshini V.","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/622","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/622","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the second most common malignancy and most common among women next to lung cancer. A small lump in the breast leads to great physical, emotional, and psychological trauma to the victim and as well as family. In addition to clinical examination, imaging modalities like mammography (MG), ultrasonography (USG), cytological diagnosis by fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) and tissue diagnosis were used for the diagnosis. These diagnostic techniques have certain pitfalls in addition to their advantages. A study was conducted to evaluate the breast lesions according to breast imaging reporting and data system using MG and USG, correlation with FNAC. METHODS It was a cross-sectional study, conducted in the Department of Radio-diagnosis, GSL Medical College, Rajahmundry from January 2018 to June 2019, over a period of 18 months. An informed consent was taken from all the participants. The individual with palpable breast lesions detected in clinical examination were included. Physiological swelling, ulcerated and fungal breast growths were not considered. After the detailed clinical history, physical examination, MG and USG were performed, proceeded for FNAC, smears were stained with Leishman and Papanicolaou stain. Statistical analysis was performed by Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 20.0). Descriptive data was presented in the form of mean, standard deviation and percentages. Chi-square test was done to assess the association among various categorical data, P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS Total 142 participants were included, maximum number belong to 41 to 50 years, 0.7 % were male. Right side lesion was the predominant. With FNAC, the sensitivity, specificity and the diagnostic accuracy were 86.5 %, 97.8 % and 93.7 %, respectively for benign breast lesions (BBL) diagnosis and 96.7 %, 84.6 %, 92.25 % respectively for malignant breast lesions (MBL) diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy was observed to be higher in diagnosis of both BBL and MBL with the combined modalities. KEYWORDS Breast Lesions, Benign, Malignant","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80651289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of Fasting and Postprandial Lipid Profile among Patients with and without Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital - Kottayam, Kerala","authors":"Sneha Varikkaatu Prasanna, Prasanth Thankappan","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/619","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by insulin resistance which is associated with glucose intolerance, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, a procoagulant state, and an increase in the microvascular and the macrovascular disease. The high cardiovascular mortality which is associated with type 2 DM is due to a prolonged, exaggerated, postprandial state. The abnormal lipid profile in the postprandial state is more significant than the abnormal lipid profile in the fasting state in causing atherosclerotic complications in type 2 diabetes. Very few studies are available on the estimation of the postprandial lipid profile in type 2 diabetes patients. The purpose of this study was to compare fasting and postprandial lipid levels among patients with and without diabetes mellitus and find out the correlation between duration of detection of diabetes mellitus and postprandial lipid levels among patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS This is a cross sectional analytical study of a study population of 200 subjects including in patients and out patients of wards and diabetic clinic of Government Medical College, Kottayam from April 2017 to March 2018. Data was coded and entered in Microsoft Excel and IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) for statistical analysis. RESULTS Diabetic patients had impaired fasting and postprandial lipid profiles. Impairment in postprandial lipid profile when compared to non-diabetics was statistically significant. Duration of detection of diabetes and postprandial lipid levels showed weak positive correlation. CONCLUSIONS The postprandial lipid profile in diabetes mellitus patients is significantly deranged compared to fasting state and is an important factor in assessing their cardiovascular risk. Hence, there is a need to stress on postprandial lipid profile estimation in diabetic patients. KEYWORDS Fasting Lipid Profile, Postprandial Lipid Profile, Type 2 Diabetics, Nondiabetics","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74353005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bacterial Aetiology of Pharyngotonsillitis in Paediatric Age Group in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Kerala","authors":"Thushara Ushakumari Bhuvanendran, V. G. Beena","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/624","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Pharyngotonsillitis is defined as a spectrum of conditions ranging from inflammation primarily confined to the tonsils to pharyngitis implying generalized inflammation of the whole of pharynx. Children are more prone to get several episodes of pharyngotonsillitis per year during their school years. Pharyngitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes can cause two non-suppurative complications, acute rheumatic fever and acute glomerulonephritis which is responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. The present study was conducted to identify the prevalence of bacterial pathogens causing pharyngotonsillitis and to study their antibiotic sensitivity pattern that would indicate the optimum line of treatment. METHOD A total of 200 children at the age group of 2 - 12 years who had clinical features of pharyngotonsillitis according to the inclusion criteria were recruited for this study over a period of one year. With the help of a disposable wooden spatula, pus from the pharyngo tonsillar region was collected and processed. Predominant isolates obtained were identified and antibiotic sensitivity was done. RESULTS Bacteria was isolated from 70 samples. Pharyngotonsillitis was found most prevalent at the age group of 8 – 10 years. Intake of cold food stuffs and passive smoking at home was found to have statistically significant association as risk factor for pharyngotonsillitis. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated followed by Streptococcus pyogenes. The other organisms isolated were group G and C streptococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia sub species (spp) aerogenes. CONCLUSIONS Staphylococcus aureus was the most common organism isolated, followed by Streptococcus pyogenes. All the isolates of beta haemolytic streptococci were found to be sensitive to penicillin. There was increased incidence of resistance to macrolides among the gram-positive isolates except Streptococcus pneumoniae and it may be due to the wide spread use of macrolides injudiciously. All the bacterial pharyngotonsillitis cases were cured with the antibiotic given according to the sensitivity except one case. KEYWORDS Pharyngotonsillitis, Acute Rheumatic Fever, Acute Glomerulonephritis, Bacterial Pathogens, Antibiogram","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74732000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the Various Factors Involved in Monteggia Fractures Treated by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation in Government Medical College, Trichur","authors":"Rohit Ashok Ranjolker, Krishnakumar Cherungottil i Viswanathanunn","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/618","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The various factors involved in Monteggia fractures treated by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) were studied in patients presenting to Government Medical College, Trichur. Its distribution based on age, gender, and nature of trauma, were observed in the patients. METHODS This study was a prospective descriptive study, conducted in Department of Orthopaedics, Medical College, Thrissur from 1, January, 2016 to 1, July, 2017. Patients were assessed according to age, sex, side of injury, co-morbidities and final functional assessment was made according to Broberg and Morrey score. A total of 37 patients were observed. The patients were assessed, deemed fit for the study, and subjected to operation. Radial head reduction, fixation if needed, then ulna fracture was opened, reduced, and fixed with plate and screws. Postoperative plaster slab was applied, then converted to full above elbow cast, and retained for as long as needed. Post-operative mobilization was by home physiotherapy only. RESULTS Our study showed that open reduction and internal fixation of ulna outcome in Monteggia fractures leads to good elbow function and minimal loss of physical capacity. Immobilization of more than 2 months have very high chances of elbow stiffness. Early active mobilization after surgery is necessary for good functional outcome. Other than mild stiffness and loss of range of motion in some cases, very few other complications were found in our series. CONCLUSIONS Rigid internal fixation of ulna and early active mobilization is the key to achieve a good functional outcome and minimal loss of physical capacity in Monteggia fractures. Very few of the complications that were described in the literature were seen in the study. Even with restricted resources and minimal facilities, almost no permanent or debilitating morbidity or complications were seen in our series. Early active mobilization after surgery was the most important deciding factor for good functional outcome. Prolonged immobilization of more than one month consistently produces poor results. KEYWORDS Monteggia, Broberg and Morrey, Bado Classification, Internal Fixation, Ulna Fracture","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77971356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scrub Typhus – A Threatening Scenario in North Bengal","authors":"Asraful Islam, Rajdeep Saha, A. Roy","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/620","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Scrub typhus is a mite borne zoonotic bacterial disease caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi. It is transmitted by bite of chiggers of trombiculid mite. Clinical features generally include fever, headache, and myalgia, with or without eschar/rash. People with severe illness may develop organ failure and bleeding which can be fatal if left untreated. This study was done to detect outbreak of cases of scrub typhus in Eastern India. These mites generally live in paddy fields of forested area and people visiting those areas are generally affected. Now a days these mites migrate to urban area resulting in increased incidence of scrub typhus infection in urban area. This study was conducted in collaboration with another institute. The purpose of this study was to find out the incidence of scrub typhus in our area and the relationship between occurrence of scrub typhus and seasonal, age and sex variation. METHODS This study was carried out in our tertiary care hospital with 441 samples for a period of one year (01.01.2019 to 31.12.19). All the blood samples collected from febrile patients were subjected to Weil Felix test. If the titre is > 1 : 160; this was further confirmed by specific IgM testing. Both Weil-Felix tests and IgM scrub typhus positive tests were noted. RESULTS Out of 441 samples, 98 (22.2 %, n = 441) samples were positive for both WeilFelix and scrub typhus IgM by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) testing. Most of the cases were seen in males. Seasonal distribution showed higher cases in the months of September and October. CONCLUSIONS In our study, the highest numbers of scrub typhus cases were found in rural areas, during the harvesting period of July–September specially in monsoon or post monsoon period when there is abundance of mite larva. This infection is also reported high in cases among children in the age group of 1 - 14 years. Patients who tested positive for scrub typhus improved radically with doxycycline. KEYWORDS Orientia Tsutsugamushi, Scrub Typhus, IgM ELISA","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76534002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical & Laboratory Profile of Possible Sickle Delta Beta Thalassemia in Telangana State","authors":"M. Shetty, N. Chandra, Krishna Prasad Adiraju, Nageswara Rao Modugu, S. S. Ranga, Sneha Sala, Saisubrahmanyam Pappu, Uday Kumar Karnati","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/623","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Sickle delta beta thalassemia is a rare genetic disorder, with varied symptoms, signs, requiring careful monitoring for potential complications. It is due to sickle mutation and thalassemia mutation occurring together, with sparse data available worldwide. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical and laboratory profile of possible sickle delta beta thalassemia. METHODS The study design is retrospective analysis of clinical information of those selected patients done in our multi-specialty tertiary care referral hospital situated in Telangana state in south India. The case material was collected from December 2017 to December 2019 (2 years duration). All haemoglobin electrophoresis reports were collected with no prior blood transfusions in preceding 4 months. The information collected was analysed and presented. RESULTS Total 9 patients were diagnosed as possible sickle delta beta thalassemia, with male to female ratio of 5 : 4 and age ranging from 12 years to 45 years of age. The commonest symptoms were joint pain and jaundice in 5 patients and sign was splenomegaly in 2 patients. Ultrasonogram of abdomen showed that 3 patients had gall stones, 1 patient had gall bladder sludge, 1 patient had autosplenectomy and 3 patients had splenomegaly. Mild to moderate anaemia was seen with reticulocytosis, sickling test positive in all patients, with haemoglobin in the range of 5.5 g/dl to 12.7 g/dl. 3 patients had iron over load, 2 patients had hepatopathy, 5 patients had unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia, Acute chest syndrome, hepatic necrosis, and nephropathy was seen in 1 patient each. Haemoglobin electrophoresis showed Hb S was from 46.1 % to 76.4, Hb A from 5.3 % to 34.7 %, Hb F from 4.8 % to 22.7 %, Hb A2 from 1.5 % to 3.3 %. 2 patients were treated with hydroxyurea. 2 patients had mutation analysis elsewhere that was reported as compound heterozygous for β-globulin gene for Hb S (GAG-GTG) and IVS 1 - 5 (G-C). CONCLUSIONS Sickle delta beta thalassemia presents as mild to moderate anaemia haemolysis, splenomegaly with vaso-occlusive crises. Hydroxyurea may help in the treatment. Genetic analysis helps in diagnosis and future therapies. KEYWORDS Haemoglobin S, Haemoglobin A2, Haemoglobin A, Haemoglobin F","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87304529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KAP Study on Hand Hygiene to Prevent the Spread of Coronavirus, among General Population during Pandemic - An Online National Cross-Sectional Survey","authors":"K. Kalra, Vaishali P. Bansod, S. Kulkarni, P. Chawla","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/621","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND As of 29th June 2021, 182,261,516 total cases of Covid-19 with 3,947,170 deaths have been reported worldwide from 218 countries, out of which 30,316,897 Covid19 cases and 397,668 deaths are from India.1 Maharashtra contributing 19,16,236 cases and 49,189 deaths.2 Hands are one of the main pathways of transmission of the virus. All out efforts have been made by the Governments and health agencies to increase awareness on hand hygiene among general population. However, it is felt that compliance of general population to hand hygiene is poor. So, this study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of hand hygiene to prevent the spread of corona virus, among general population during pandemic. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out among general population aged 15 years and above through an online survey obtaining the data by a predesigned google form and analysed using Epi Info V7. RESULTS 513 individuals from 17 states of India responded. Participation was almost equal in both genders (47.6 % male and 52.4 % females). Majority of the participants (65 %) had good knowledge regarding modes of transmission. In this study, online platforms and doctors emerged to be the most common source of Covid related information. 79.14 % participants had knowledge regarding hand hygiene as an important method of prevention of Covid infection. But only 14.8 % knew the exact time to be devoted towards hand hygiene. Majority had favourable attitude and practices towards hand hygiene. 80.15 % participants from urban area told that 20 - 30 seconds as minimum time for alcohol-based sanitizer to kill most germs on hands which was found statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Majority of participants had good knowledge, favourable attitude and practices regarding hand hygiene as a mode of prevention for Covid-19 infection during this ongoing pandemic situation. Still continuous and more detailed demonstrations of hand washing as well as time to be devoted to hand washing and use of sanitizer is required to break chain of transmission and contain Covid-19 disease. KEYWORDS Covid-19, Hand Washing, Hand Rub","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74160278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}