Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare最新文献

{"title":"A Cross Sectional Study on the Psychological Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Schoolteachers in Andhra Pradesh","authors":"G. Godasi, Abdulmuen Mohammed, R. Donthu, Jaya Prakash Nunna","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/537","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND COVID-19 is a novel disease caused by Coronavirus. It was declared a pandemic by WHO in March 2020. To reduce the impact of the disease lockdown was imposed by various governments. This has a psychological impact on various groups of people. Schoolteachers are no less affected. There is scarcity in our understanding of the psychological impact among schoolteachers. This study is an attempt to understand the psychological impact among schoolteachers. We wanted to study the psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on schoolteachers. METHODS The study was a cross-sectional one and conducted using online Google forms. A total of seventy-nine schoolteachers were included in the study analysis. The data were analysed using R language; nonparametric tests like Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis test were used. The data obtained were tabulated and discussed. RESULTS Nearly half the sample belongs to 46 to 55 years, males constitute 57 %, majority of the participants were married, there was an equal distribution from a rural and urban background and teachers working in Government setup were 86 %. Females had significantly higher levels of depression and stress. Married had significantly higher levels of depression. Moderate to severe levels of depression, anxiety and stress were seen in 2.6 %, 10 %, and 2.5 % of the participants. CONCLUSIONS The study has found an increase in psychological impact among the schoolteachers. But the reported increase is less than that observed during the peak of the pandemic. Females have more depression and stress compared to males. KEYWORDS COVID-19, Mental Disorders, Pandemic, Schoolteachers","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83731073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study to Evaluate Nature and Extent of Psychiatric Morbidity in Business Processing and Outsourcing Employees in Delhi and National Capital Region","authors":"Anjali Nagpal, Seikhoo Bishnoi, Siddharth Nagpal","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/553","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/553","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Stress is commonly seen in BPO employees. A number of factors contribute to stress in BPO employee like long working hours, pressure of work, work time, insufficient holidays, travel time, repetitive nature of work etc. India is one of favourable site for BPO industry because of twelve hour time difference between India and most of USA cities. The study was done to find out nature and extent of psychiatric morbidity in BPO employees in Delhi and NCR. METHODS The study was done in two phases. In phase 1 GHQ12 (General Health Questionnaire) was applied to 300 BPO employees who were selected randomly. Those BPO employees who scored 12 or more on GHQ12 were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Data was collected on Microsoft excel and chi square test was used to assess association between variables. RESULTS The data was collected and assessed using appropriate statistical methods. The study revealed out of 300 participants 219 were males and 81 were females. Most participants were of less than 30 age. Out of 300 participants 81 scored 12 or more on GHQ12 scale. In phase 2, out of 81 participants 58.2 % males and 80 % females scored 9 or more on BDI, while there was no significant difference on BAI scores. The perceived stress was more in females compared to males. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed that stress is very common in BPO employees. Those who are married, stay with joint family had lesser perceived stress compared to single or those in nuclear families. Females are more prone to develop stress compared to males. The risk of depression too was more in females (80%) compared to males. Anxiety symptoms were more in those staying in nuclear families as compared to those staying in joint families. KEYWORDS BPO, Psychiatric Morbidity, Call Centre Employees","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81153493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Proportion and Clinical Profile of Thyroid Ophthalmopathy in Patients with Graves’ Disease Presenting at a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala","authors":"LI K.Y., N. Hyder, Neeta Sidhan, Shaji Ankan","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/552","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Thyroid eye disease is a relatively rare condition, with an incidence of 2.9 to 16.0 cases per 100 000 population per year. Approximately 50 % of patients with Graves’ disease (GD) develop clinically apparent thyroid eye disease. It may cause severe damage to vision and orbital architecture. It is the most frequent cause of unilateral or bilateral proptosis in adults. METHODS A cross sectional study of 80 patients with GD was carried out in association with thyroid clinic of Government Medical college Thiruvananthapuram for a period of 1 year from April 2017 to March 2018. Subjects who have a prior diagnosis of Graves’ disease including those who are on antithyroid drugs were included in the study. Patients who are sick due to other systemic diseases like cardiac failure and end stage renal disease were excluded. RESULTS Eighty patients with mean age of 45.31 years were studied. Out of them, 66% were females and 34% were males. Ophthalmopathy was present in 38.8%.Majority had mild and bilateral disease (61.2 %). Only a small percentage had sight threatening disease (6.4 %).The mean age of patients with ophthalmopathy was 47.93. Major population with ophthalmopathy was females. Majority of patients with ophthalmopathy (64.5 %) retained a good visual acuity better than 6 / 9. Lid retraction was the most common manifestation among patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy that is 74.2% followed by exophthalmos (64.5 %) and eye movement restriction and soft tissue involvement (58.1 %). Diplopia, optic nerve dysfunction were rare (3.2 %). Only 19.3 % patients had active disease according to clinical activity score. Major clinical sign of activity was redness of conjunctiva. Maximum no. of patients with active disease had a clinical activity score of 4. Smoking showed a significant association with the severity of ophthalmopathy. (p value 0.001) There was a significant association between age and activity of disease. (p value 0.021). No association was found between duration of disease with presence or severity of ophthalmopathy. There was no association between co- morbidities with presence or severity of ophthalmopathy. No association was found between hormone status and presence or severity of ophthalmopathy. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicated that the prevalence of ophthalmopathy in our population with GD evaluated at our tertiary care centre was similar to that reported in the Caucasians of European origin. Clinically active and sight threatening ophthalmopathy was uncommon. KEYWORDS Graves’ Disease, Ophthalmopathy","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83600414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytopathological Spectrum of Lesions in the Axilla - A Population Based Study from a Tertiary Care Centre in North-East India","authors":"Soram Gayatri Gatphoh, B. Venkatesh, K. Devi","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/545","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/545","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The axilla is a triangular space between the lateral wall of thorax and the upper part of arm. The component of axilla can give rise to different diseases ranging from developmental and reactive to neoplastic. Various mesenchymal tissues present in the axilla can give rise to different lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a safe, quick, easy, and a cheap diagnostic tool to decipher the benign or the malignant nature of the swelling. Imaging techniques and FNAC, both used individually or coupled, improve the accuracy of diagnosis and help in avoiding unnecessary invasive procedures. The most common lymph node lesion in axilla is benign reactive lymph node hyperplasia. It is caused by inflammation of the lymph nodes or the adjacent organs, such as the breast or lung. METHODS The present study is a retrospective review of swellings aspirated from axillary region. FNAC was performed following strict aseptic precautions. Inadequate aspirates were excluded from the study. The aspirated sample was blown on clean glass slides and smears were made using squash preparation. Smears were fixed using air dried and alcohol fixation method. Smears were stained with Giemsa stain, and the alcohol - fixed smears were stained with haematoxylin and eosin and Papanicolaou stains. Cytological smears were evaluated for adequacy, cellularity, type of cells, arrangement of cells and nuclear as well as cytoplasmic features. RESULTS A total of 191 axillary swelling were aspirated during the study period. Out of which 148 (77.5 %) cases were females and 43 (22.5 %) cases were males. Most common lesion was lipoma followed by axillary tail of breast. CONCLUSIONS Various pathological processes may affect the axilla. There is overlap in the imaging findings of these diseases. FNAC is a diagnostic tool which is required for conformation of diagnosis of axillary lesions. KEYWORDS Axillary Swelling, Fine Needle Aspiration, Lipoma","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73736928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Effects of Diallyl Disulphide and Diaceto-Dipropyl Disulphide on Renal Tissue in Alloxan Diabetic Rats - A Comparative Study","authors":"Vijay Venkataiah, Divya D, S. H. Puttaswamy, Kashinath R.T","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/547","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the commonest causes for end stage renal disease. Renal accumulation of lipids is one of the pathological finding seen in diabetic nephropathy. Diallyl disulphide (DADS), a principle component of garlic oil, is known for its hypolipidemic properties. Diaceto-dipropyl disulphide (DADPDS) is a structural analogue of DADS, and is more palatable and less toxic to diabetic rats. Hence this animal experiment study was undertaken to compare the hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of DADS and DADPDS on diabetic rat renal tissue and to evaluate the better disulphide among the two that may be used as adjuvant drug in treating or preventing diabetic nephropathy. METHODS This was an animal experimental comparative study. 24 male albino rats were grouped (6 rats in each group) into normal, diabetic control, DADS and DADPDS treated diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced in albino rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan. DADS and DADPDS were fed by gastric intubation for 90 days. After stipulated time, kidneys were dissected out and its total lipids, cholesterol and phospholipid levels were estimated along with tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels. RESULTS Renal tissue total lipids, cholesterol and phospholipids were significantly decreased in DADS and moderately decreased in DADPDS treated diabetic kidneys, when compared to diabetic control rats. But TBARS levels were significantly decreased in DADPDS rat kidneys compared to DADS treated rat kidneys. CONCLUSIONS In this comparative study, we note that DADS has better lipid-lowering effect on renal tissue of alloxan diabetic rats compared to DADPDS. On the other hand, DADPDS has low renal toxic effects, as indicated by low TBARS levels and improvement in blood glucose levels, when compared to DADS treated diabetic rats. Hence, DADS can be used as an adjuvant drug, only in atherogenic diabetic patients without nephropathy and DADPDS can be used as an adjuvant drug in diabetic nephropathy patients. KEYWORDS Diallyl-Disulphide, Diallyl-Dipropyl Disulphide, Diabetic Nephropathy, Renal Lipids","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76355169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anaesthetic Management of a Super Morbid Obese Patient","authors":"L. Jalaja, Stuti Lohia, Priyadarsini Bentur, Ravi Ramgiri","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/554","url":null,"abstract":"‘Obesity’ is defined as a condition with excess body fat to the extent that health and well-being are adversely affected and uses a class system based on the body mass index (BMI), by the world health organization (WHO). Anaesthetic management of morbidly obese is challenging, as there is an increased risk of perioperative respiratory insufficiency and supplemental oxygen must be given throughout recovery period. The incidence of morbid obesity continues to grow and anaesthesiologists are exposed to obese patients presenting for various procedures. The prevalence of obesity is on the upward trend worldwide. Obesity is a multisystem disorder, involving the respiratory and cardiovascular systems, and therefore, undergoing a surgical procedure under anaesthesia may entail a considerable risk. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach is required in treating such patients. Quantification of the extent of obesity is done using the body mass index. BMI is defined as the relationship between weight and height (weight [kg] / height2 [m2 ]).","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73945777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neuropathy and Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Receiving Metformin - A Cross-Sectional Study from Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra","authors":"Kunal Lala, Divya Lala, Saurabh Duggad","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/549","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND Metformin is reported to induce vitamin B12 deficiency and distinguishing peripheral neuropathy due to vitamin B12 deficiency from diabetic peripheral neuropathy can be challenging. The present study was conducted to assess and compare the clinical presentation of diabetic patients taking metformin with those not taking metformin using Toronto clinical scoring system (TCSS). METHODS This cross-sectional study included 60 patients with diabetes mellitus, 30 patients on metformin therapy (at least 6 months) and 30 patients not on metformin use. Clinical presentation of the patients was assessed using the TCSS. Patients were diagnosed according to the American diabetic association criteria. RESULTS The mean age of the patients in metformin and non-metformin group was 57.27 ± 9.38 and 58.63 ± 10.27 years respectively. Gender distribution was observed to be similar in both the study groups. Mean duration of diabetes mellitus was found to be similar in both the study groups (5.4 ± 1.01 vs 5.2 ± 1.27 years) and duration of peripheral neuropathy was also found to be similar in the two study groups (3.2 ± 1.6 vs 3.3 ± 1.5 years). Numbness was observed in maximum number of cases in both study groups. It was seen in 100 % (n = 30) patients on metformin drug while in 90 % (n = 27) patients without metformin. Pain accounts to be approximately 77 % (n = 23) and 24 % (n = 7) in patients on metformin and without metformin. Neuropathic symptoms and neuropathic reflex scoring appear to be higher common in patients on metformin as compared to those without metformin. Mean pain score was found to be significantly higher among patients on metformin as compared to those not on metformin (8.43 ± 2.13 vs 4.03 ± 3.13; P value < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that patients on metformin for diabetes mellitus experience higher neuropathic symptoms as compared to those not taking metformin. KEYWORDS Diabetes Mellitus, Metformin, Peripheral Neuropathy, Vitamin B12","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81036848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Study of Complications of Third Stage of Labour in a Tertiary Care Centre in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh - An Observational Prospective Study","authors":"Geetika Thakur, Aruna Kumar, D. Gupta","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/534","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The third stage of labour starts when the fetus has completely delivered and ends with the complete expulsion of the placenta. The third stage of labour is usually uneventful, although significant complications can occur in this period, the most common is postpartum haemorrhage (PPH). The purpose of this study was to identify the various third stage complications, their incidence, and associated risk factors in patients admitted to the centre. METHODS This is a prospective observational study performed in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gandhi Medical College and Sultania Zanana Hospital (SZH), Bhopal conducted from 1 st October 2010 to 30th September 2011. All patients who delivered in our centre or outside and developed a third stage complication were included in the study. RESULTS There were a total of 10,277 deliveries during the study period and 171 cases of third stage complications. The incidence of third stage complication was 1.66 %. The most common third stage complication was traumatic PPH (52.1 %) and the least common was inversion of uterus (2 %) but the case fatality rate (20 %) was higher in the latter. The incidence of traumatic PPH was highest among the primipara patients (72.9 %) and in the grand multipara, atonic PPH topped the list occurring in 57.8 % of the patients. CONCLUSIONS As third stage complications occur in approximately 1 in 60 deliveries and cause 19.3 % of the total maternal deaths, it is of utmost importance to outline an effective treatment for the management of postpartum haemorrhage. This could further help in reducing maternal mortality significantly. KEYWORDS Third Stage of Labour, Atonic Postpartum Haemorrhage, Traumatic Postpartum Haemorrhage, Retained Placenta, Uterine Inversion, Peripartum Hysterectomy","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82037337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Rural Hospital-Based Study on Temporal Bone Pathologies by High Resolution Computed Tomography from Bangalore, Karnataka","authors":"L. Boney, Manasa Pandith","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/542","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND The tympanic cavity is susceptible to infection by viruses and bacteria through the Eustachian tube, thereby making ear pathologies and particularly middle ear inflammatory conditions a frequent reason to consult an otorhinolaryngologist. With the advent of High-Resolution Computed Tomography, diagnosis of the middle ear anatomy, pathology and its complications if any, could be made out with better precision by providing a direct visual window by providing minute structural details. The aim of the study was to assess temporal bone pathologies that could be evaluated by HRCT study of the temporal bone in a rural hospital based setup and correlate if possible with surgical/histopathological findings. METHODS The study was a retrospective study done in M.V.J Medical College and Research Hospital, Bangalore amongst 50 patients from February 2020 to January 2021 who underwent HRCT of the temporal bone and relevant statistics were drawn from these cases. After local examination, clinical evaluation and consent, CT scan was performed. Follow-up of patients was done for confirmation with operative and/or histopathological findings whenever possible. All the data obtained were recorded in a tabulated form and analysed on MS Excel. RESULTS Amongst 50 patients, infective aetiology was found to be the most common cause, of which chronic otomastoiditis was the most common, followed by chronic Cholesteatoma, otitis media, chronic mastoiditis, and otitis externa. Amongst the congenital aetiology, we had 1 case each of osteoma, facial nerve involvement, microtia and inner ear dysplasia. Amongst the traumatic cases, longitudinal type of fracture was the most common type, followed by transverse and mixed fractures with hemotympanum being the most common HRCT finding. CONCLUSIONS HRCT of the temporal bone helps in accurate assessment of infective, congenital, traumatic and neoplastic aetiologies and helps the otologist understand the disease's extent and aid in surgery. KEYWORDS High-Resolution Computed Tomography, HRCT, Temporal bone, Radiology","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81993027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bone Marrow and Peripheral Blood Evaluation in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma – A Cross Sectional Study of 78 Cases in a Tertiary Care Centre in Kerala","authors":"A. P. Muraleedharan, Prabhalakshmy Kuzhikkattil Krishnankutty","doi":"10.18410/jebmh/2021/538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/538","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND In the evaluation of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), determination of bone marrow involvement is an integral part of staging work up. Peripheral blood counts and examination of blood smears are also done in patients with lymphoma as part of pre-treatment investigations. METHODS A cross sectional study of 78 patients with a prior histopathological diagnosis of NHL was conducted. Peripheral blood counts were performed on an automated haematology analyser to look for various cytopenias. Peripheral blood smears and bone marrow aspirate (BMA) / imprint smears were examined in detail for atypical lymphoid cells. Bone marrow trephine biopsies of these patients were studied to assess the NHL involvement and the various patterns of involvement. Adjuvant immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed in bone marrow biopsies with scant cellularity or crush artefact to discern the marrow involvement. RESULTS Bone marrow trephine biopsy showed involvement by lymphoma in 65.4 % cases. The incidence of involvement was higher in B-cell lymphomas, especially in low grade types. The predominant pattern of involvement was interstitial pattern (41.2 %). Discordant histology between bone marrow and the primary anatomic site was found in 7.8 % of the cases, which was seen more in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Majority of the patients with bone marrow infiltration by NHL had anaemia (84.3 %). Bicytopenia and pancytopenia were also observed. On peripheral blood smear examination atypical lymphoid cells were present in 23 % cases. CONCLUSIONS Bone marrow examination is an important aspect in the diagnosis of NHL, because of its both prognostic and therapeutic implications. Hence, the presence of atypical lymphoid cells and other changes in the peripheral blood should be detected in these patients. KEYWORDS Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma, Bone Marrow Biopsy, Bone Marrow Aspirate / Imprint, Peripheral Blood Smear, Atypical Lymphoid Cells","PeriodicalId":15779,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91154741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}