Journal of environmental quality最新文献

{"title":"The Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network: Cross-site transdisciplinary science to support a sustainable and resilient agriculture","authors":"Teferi Tsegaye,&nbsp;Marlen Eve,&nbsp;Cathleen J. Hapeman,&nbsp;Peter J. A. Kleinman,&nbsp;Claire Baffaut,&nbsp;Dawn M. Browning,&nbsp;Alisa W. Coffin,&nbsp;Sheri A. Spiegal","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20649","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.20649","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network is a collaborative initiative funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, aimed at advancing sustainable, resilient agriculture through coordinated research conducted on croplands, grazing lands, and integrated crop/livestock systems. Here we provide an overview of the LTAR network, highlighting its vision, mission, initiatives, recent network activities, and future directions. Network-level research is critical for developing contextually relevant solutions to the challenges faced by agricultural producers. Long-term data collection, stakeholder engagement, and the integration of scientific knowledge are needed to enhance agricultural productivity and its resiliency, environmental quality, profitability, and social well-being into the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"53 6","pages":"777-786"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.20649","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142583324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at Lower Chesapeake Bay","authors":"G. A. Bagley,&nbsp;V. J. Ackroyd,&nbsp;M. A. Cavigelli,&nbsp;K. E. White,&nbsp;H. H. Schomberg,&nbsp;E. P. Law,&nbsp;K. Bejleri,&nbsp;W. D. Hively,&nbsp;M. H. H. Fischel,&nbsp;J. E. Maul,&nbsp;C. J. Hapeman,&nbsp;G. W. McCarty,&nbsp;W. Dulaney,&nbsp;D. J. Timlin,&nbsp;S. B. Mirsky","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20650","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.20650","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Lower Chesapeake Bay (LCB) Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) Common Experiment (CE) located in Beltsville, MD, focuses on research of concern to producers of the major regional crops, which are corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.), soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.], wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.), and various forage species. Livestock production in the region includes broiler and laying chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i> L.) and dairy and beef cattle (<i>Bos taurus</i> L.). The LCB region is among the most heavily populated in the United States. Urban development pressure is high for both farms and natural areas. The need to restore Chesapeake Bay water quality is a major influence on regional agricultural practices. Conservation practices such as cover cropping, no-till agriculture, and nutrient management planning are more common in the region compared to nationally. However, farmers still face management challenges implementing practices that address water quality and the rise of herbicide-resistant weeds. Researchers at the LCB site recognize the need to protect the Chesapeake and Delaware Bays and maintain farmer profitability. The LCB CE compares a 3-year crop rotation system featuring alternative crop management (cover crop intensification, crop rotation diversification, and integrated weed management [IWM]) with a prevailing 2-year system (no cover crops and no IWM), both under continuous no-tillage, to identify the optimal balance to promote the sustainability of regional cropping systems. The LTAR LCB site provides data-driven tools and solutions to support farmers in the mid-Atlantic region.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"53 6","pages":"814-822"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142576325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The LTAR Common Experiment: Facilitating improved agricultural sustainability through coordinated cross-site research.","authors":"Mark A Liebig, Lori J Abendroth, G Philip Robertson, David Augustine, Elizabeth H Boughton, Gwendolynn Bagley, Dennis L Busch, Pat Clark, Alisa W Coffin, Brent J Dalzell, Curtis J Dell, Ann-Marie Fortuna, Ariel Freidenreich, Philip Heilman, Christina Helseth, David R Huggins, Jane M F Johnson, Makki Khorchani, Kevin King, John L Kovar, Martin A Locke, Steven B Mirsky, Merilynn C Schantz, Marty R Schmer, Maria L Silveira, Douglas R Smith, Kathy J Soder, Sheri Spiegal, Jedediah Stinner, David Toledo, Mark Williams, Jenifer Yost","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20636","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.20636","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Long-term research is essential for guiding the development of agroecosystems to meet escalating production demands in a manner that is environmentally sound and socially acceptable. Research must integrate biophysical and socioeconomic factors to provide geographically scalable knowledge that involves stakeholders across the research-education-extension-policy spectrum. In response to this need, the Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network developed a \"Common Experiment,\" which seeks to develop and disseminate multi-region, science-based information to enable implementation of visionary agricultural innovations while simultaneously promoting food security, well-being, environmental quality, and climate adaptation and mitigation. The core design of the Common Experiment contrasts prevailing and alternative/aspirational production systems, with the latter including novel innovations hypothesized to advance sustainable intensification in locally appropriate ways. Treatments in the Common Experiment represent a diversity of production systems under cropland, grazing land, and integrated crop/grazing land management. Where possible, treatments are evaluated at multiple spatial scales (e.g., from plot to enterprise) and are designed to evolve over the course of the experiment with stakeholder input. A common assessment framework guides data collection for the experiment and is complemented by metric-specific protocols and an emerging data management infrastructure. Currently, there are large differences among sites in the application of the experimental framework and degree of stakeholder engagement; differences largely grounded in pragmatic issues related to land access, site expertise, and resource availability. The full potential of the LTAR Common Experiment may be realized with strategic investments in network capacity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":" ","pages":"787-801"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at the Gulf Atlantic Coastal Plain.","authors":"Alisa W Coffin, Oliva Pisani, Kathryn Pisarello, Kayla Porter, David D Bosch, Timothy C Strickland","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20645","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.20645","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Gulf Atlantic Coastal Plain (GACP) Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network site is characterized by hot and humid summers with low gradient stream channels surrounded by wetland forests and croplands. Beneath its sandy soils, a confining layer stifles recharge to the deeper aquifer system, so a substantial proportion of streamflow is driven by shallow subsurface baseflow. Agricultural practices in the area consist of forage and livestock production, forestry, and rotational cropping systems dominated by cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) and peanut (Arachis hypogaea). Certain factors impose challenges to the viability of GACP agricultural systems, like changing economics and demographics, as well as pest and disease pressures. The GACP communicates with stakeholders from various backgrounds, who provide their perspectives as agricultural research service scientists execute their research plans. The GACP LTAR common experiment (CE) is carried out via plot- and field-scale studies. The plot-scale CE compares prevailing practices, determined from regional data, with an alternative treatment including winter covers, such as the biofuel feedstock carinata (Brassica carinata, A. Braun), to provide both economic and environmental benefits. The field-scale CE is observational; key variables are monitored for two farms where management practices largely emulate the prevailing treatment. Data collection efforts quantify vegetation, hydrology, soils, and climate data to produce datasets for modeling and statistical analysis. Research teams quantify relationships between land management, environment, and socioeconomic benefits. Ultimately, the GACP LTAR site works to facilitate agricultural system health and wellbeing at local, regional, and national scales by providing long-term science-based solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":" ","pages":"869-879"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at Upper Mississippi River Basin–Ames","authors":"John L. Kovar,&nbsp;Athanasios N. Papanicolaou,&nbsp;Dennis L. Busch,&nbsp;Amit Chatterjee,&nbsp;Kevin J. Cole,&nbsp;Brent J. Dalzell,&nbsp;Bryan D. Emmett,&nbsp;Jane M. F. Johnson,&nbsp;Robert W. Malone,&nbsp;Amy J. Morrow,&nbsp;Laurie W. Nowatzke,&nbsp;Peter L. O'Brien,&nbsp;John H. Prueger,&nbsp;Natalia Rogovska,&nbsp;Sabrina J. Ruis,&nbsp;Dennis P. Todey,&nbsp;Ken M. Wacha","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20646","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.20646","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Agricultural systems evolve from the interactions of climate, crops, soils, management practices (e.g., tillage, cover crops, nutrient management), and economic risks and rewards. Alternatives to the corn (<i>Zea mays</i> L.)–soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] (C–S) cropping systems that dominate in the US Midwest may provide more sustainable use of resources, reduce the documented environmental impacts of current C–S systems, and improve production efficiency and ecosystem services. Innovative management practices are needed to offer producers options to increase farm resilience to variable weather conditions and offset negative environmental impacts. In response to this need, the Upper Mississippi River Basin Long-Term Agroecosystem Research network site at Ames, IA, established a cropland experiment in 2016 to investigate an alternative crop management system that includes reduced tillage, cover crops, and right source, right rate, right time, and right place (4R) nitrogen (N) management. The experimental site is located on the Iowa State University Kelley Research Farm in Boone County, IA. Crop, soil, air, and tile drainage water measurements are made throughout the year using published methods for each agronomic and environmental metric. Our goal is to provide quantitative information to farmers, consultants, agribusiness partners, and state and federal agencies to help guide decisions on the effective use of alternative management practices. Future changes in experimental treatments will adopt a knowledge co-production approach whereby researchers and stakeholders will work collaboratively to identify problems, implement research protocols, and interpret results.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"53 6","pages":"978-988"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.20646","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The LTAR Grazing Land Common Experiment at Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed","authors":"Philip Heilman,&nbsp;Steven R. Archer,&nbsp;C. Jason Williams,&nbsp;Russell L. Scott,&nbsp;David C. Goodrich,&nbsp;Chandra Holifield Collins,&nbsp;Adam T. Naito,&nbsp;Guillermo E. Ponce-Campos","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20643","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.20643","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW) Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) network common experiment addresses the aspirational practice of brush management (BM) to reverse the prevailing condition of woody plant encroachment (WPE) and increase perennial native grass production. Across the western United States, the decision to implement BM includes consideration of management objectives, cost, and the expected impact on a diverse suite of ecosystem services. Maintaining or restoring grass cover will help meet the LTAR sustainable production, economic, and social goals, and averting degradation will meet environmental goals. This common experiment, focused on hydrologic and erosion impacts of BM, aims to inform land management decisions on three major plant communities in the Southwestern United States: creosote bush (<i>Larrea tridentata</i>), mesquite (<i>Prosopis velutina</i>), and pinyon–juniper (PJ, <i>Pinus</i> and <i>Juniperus</i> spp.). On the WGEW, applying tebuthiuron pellets to creosote bush increased grass cover and reduced runoff and erosion. The 2016 BM experiment on the Santa Rita Experimental Range applied a commonly used liquid herbicide cocktail but achieved only 7% mortality on mesquite, probably because of the timing of the aerial application. Experiments manipulating rainfall amount and intensity on plots receiving fire, chemical, or mechanical BM treatments on PJ communities aim to improve process representation in simulation models. The deliverables of these BM experiments will be to (i) improve the performance of runoff and erosion models, (ii) enhance our ability to identify areas most at risk from reduced hydrologic function and soil erosion after shrub proliferation, and (iii) better predict how landscapes will respond to BM interventions. Ranchers, land management agencies, and watershed conservation organizations will benefit from training and availability of improved tools to focus treatments on areas where greatest net benefits might be realized.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"53 6","pages":"1037-1047"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.20643","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142501654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The LTAR Cropland Common Experiment at Platte River/High Plains Aquifer","authors":"Ariel Freidenreich,&nbsp;Marty R. Schmer,&nbsp;Makki Khorchani,&nbsp;Girma Birru,&nbsp;Virginia L. Jin,&nbsp;Tala Awada,&nbsp;Rhae A. Drijber,&nbsp;Andrew Suyker,&nbsp;S. Carolina Córdova,&nbsp;Tyler Smith,&nbsp;Tim Kettler,&nbsp;Sandra Christofferson,&nbsp;Xiangmin Sun,&nbsp;Lidong Li","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20648","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.20648","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Platte River/High Plains Aquifer (PR/HPA) region is characterized by cropland, pastures, and grasslands that are faced with changing climatic conditions and agricultural intensification. The PR/HPA Long-Term Agroecosystem Research (LTAR) site is located in Eastern Nebraska with the goal of improving resilience, sustainability, and profitability of agroecosystems through enhancing ecosystem services and environmental quality, developing strategies for efficient agricultural production, and mitigating and adapting to climate change. To meet this goal, a common experiment and five ancillary experiments have been developed to evaluate prevailing regional practices in grain crop production systems compared to alternative practices in rainfed and irrigated systems. These experiments reflect different geographic regions and cropping systems within PR/HPA. The common experiment is at a plot scale under sub-drip irrigation. The prevailing practice is a corn–soybean rotation with a fixed N fertilizer rate. The alternative practice is a corn-winter wheat-relay cropped soybean rotation with temporally variable N rates using fertigation. There is also an auxiliary alternative practice, a corn–soybean rotation with temporally variable N rates using fertigation with fall manure application after soybean harvest. This document describes the regional characteristics, cropland LTAR experiments, stakeholder engagement, and future plans for the PR/HPA cropland experiments.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"53 6","pages":"939-947"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.20648","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil lead, zinc, and copper in two urban forests as influenced by highway proximity","authors":"Maryam Foroughi,&nbsp;Raymond R. Weil","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20642","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.20642","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heavy metals emitted by vehicles have the potential to accumulate in soil near roadways, threatening the health of soil, plants, animals, and humans. This study evaluates Pb, Zn, and Cu levels in forest O-horizons, mineral soil, and earthworms near busy roadways in the metro-Washington, DC area. The study sites comprised road-edge environments within urban parks. Six transects were sampled in each park, collecting mineral soil at 1- to 30-m distances from the road edge and dividing it into eight depth increments (0–30 cm). O-horizon plant litter and earthworm samples were also collected at these locations. All samples underwent total Pb, Zn, and Cu X-ray fluorescence analysis. Generally, Pb concentrations (in upper 0–10 cm) were 1–4.8 times higher at 3 m compared to 30 m from the road, with less consistent gradients for Zn and Cu. Concentrations peaked near the soil surface, with lower levels in the O-horizon above and deeper soil layers. Leaded vehicle fuel was phased out by the early 1980s, but legacy Pb contamination persisted in roadside forests, averaging 365 mg kg⁻¹ in the upper 10 cm within 3 m of the roadway (&lt; EPA action level of 1200 mg kg⁻¹ for non-play areas). Zinc, often present in vehicle tires, accumulated in earthworms to 192–592 mg kg⁻¹, concentrations exceeding those in the soil, while Pb and Cu were less concentrated in earthworms than in either O-horizon or mineral soil. Factors such as plant uptake, erosion, wind, soil texture, and metal solubility influence how heavy metals redistribute and bioaccumulate in the O-horizon, mineral soil, and soil fauna.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"54 1","pages":"275-288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11718127/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lack of wastewater treatment in a small town drives the spread of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in irrigation waters","authors":"Thomas VanderYacht,&nbsp;Liseth Salinas,&nbsp;Tilden Remerleitch,&nbsp;Nikolina Walas,&nbsp;Tin Ho,&nbsp;Gabriel Trueba,&nbsp;Jay P. Graham","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20641","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.20641","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Antibiotic resistance (ABR) is a critical and growing global challenge, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Ecuador has made great progress in connecting households to piped water supplies; however, the collection and treatment of domestic wastewater has lagged. This infrastructural gap may be accelerating the spread of ABR into surface waters used downstream for irrigation. We studied the contributions of a small town in Ecuador to the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing <i>E</i>scherichia <i>coli</i> in a glacial stream used for irrigating crops. The study analyzed water samples upstream (<i>n</i> = 60) and downstream (<i>n</i> = 60) of the town of Píntag as well as 30 lettuce samples irrigated by surface waters downstream of the town. A subset of third generation cephalosporin resistant <i>E. coli</i> (3GCR-EC) isolates (<i>n</i> = 58) were sequenced to characterize antibiotic resistance genes and pathogenic lineages. Our results showed that there was nearly a three-log increase in mean <i>E. coli</i> colony forming units in the downstream samples versus upstream. At the upstream sites above the town of Píntag, 6.7% of water samples were positive for 3GCR-EC compared to 100% of samples collected at the downstream sites. Additionally, 70.1% of sequenced 3GCR-EC isolates collected at downstream sites carried <i>bla</i>_CTX-M genes and 3.4% belonged to pandemic lineages ST131 and ST10. As countries develop household piped water infrastructure, attention should focus on how the lack of domestic wastewater collection and treatment may accelerate the spread of ABR in waterways and the food system.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"53 6","pages":"1116-1126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jeq2.20641","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating PFAS transport in effluent-irrigated farmland using PRZM5, LEACHM, and HYDRUS-1D models","authors":"Shuchi Liao,&nbsp;Uriel Garza-Rubalcava,&nbsp;Linda M. Abriola,&nbsp;Heather E. Preisendanz,&nbsp;Linda S. Lee,&nbsp;Kurt D. Pennell","doi":"10.1002/jeq2.20639","DOIUrl":"10.1002/jeq2.20639","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Application of wastewater effluent to agricultural lands can serve as a sustainable approach to meet irrigation and nutrient needs for crop production. While nitrogen and phosphorous loadings can be effectively managed, concerns have been raised regarding the fate of emerging contaminants, including per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are widely detected in wastewater effluent. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the ability of three unsaturated flow and transport models, Pesticide Root Zone Model 5 (PRZM5), LEACHM, and HYDRUS-1D, to predict the distribution of PFAS in the soil profile at the Pennsylvania State University Living Filter site, which has received daily wastewater effluent applications for several decades. The models were modified to include adsorption at the air–water interface (AWI), which has been shown to be an important factor governing PFAS transport and phase distribution in the vadose zone. Simulations showed that PRZM5 did not accurately reproduce the observed perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) behavior, which was attributed to the “tipping bucket” approach used for water flow that results in the disappearance of AWI during water flow. In contrast, both LEACHM and HYDRUS-1D captured the observed retention of PFOS and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) over a 50-year simulation period. Due to differences in the approach used to calculate the AWI area, LEACHM predicted greater accumulation of PFOS and PFOA at the AWI compared to HYDRUS-1D. These findings indicate that mathematical models that directly account for unsaturated water flow and adsorption at the AWI are able to provide reasonable predictions of long-term PFAS leaching resulting from land application of wastewater effluent.</p>","PeriodicalId":15732,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental quality","volume":"54 1","pages":"54-65"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142467157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}