Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Antifungal Properties of <i>Zataria multiflora</i> on <i>Candida</i> species: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Ali Malekzadeh Shafaroudi, Nadia Elyassi Gorji, Pegah Nasiri, Javad Javidnia, Mohammad Ebrahimi Saravi","doi":"10.1177/2515690X221132272","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2515690X221132272","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong><i>Candida</i> infections have increased significantly in the antimicrobial resistance era, and synthetic antifungal drugs have limitations. The present work aimed to review the antifungal properties of <i>Zataria multiflora</i> (<i>Z. multiflora</i>) as an herbal remedy.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SID, Civilica, and Magiran databases were searched for the antifungal activity on <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in vivo</i>, dental biofilm, and clinical studies of <i>Z. multiflora</i> on <i>Candida</i> species.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Overall, 33 articles evaluated the effect of <i>Z. multiflora</i> on <i>Candida</i> species and classified them into four groups, as follows in vitro (23), dental biofilm (6), in vivo (2), and clinical studies (3). All studies considered <i>Z. multiflora</i> effective in reducing or even inhibiting the growth of <i>Candida</i> species. NoMFC significant differences were seen in the effect of <i>Z. multiflora</i> on susceptible <i>Candida</i> compared to the resistant groups of <i>Candida</i> in the studies. It was also influential in inhibiting <i>C. parapsilosis, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. kefyer,</i> and <i>C. zeylanoides</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Considering the side effects and resistance of current antifungal drugs as well as the benefits of using herbal medicines, such as lower cost, less likely to develop drug resistance, the absence of side effects, and toxicity compared with chemical ones<b>,</b> it is possible as a powerful alternative to replace or combine with the current antifungal for <i>Candida</i> infection therapy along with other therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"27 ","pages":"2515690X221132272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b2/6d/10.1177_2515690X221132272.PMC9703571.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10483596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Silymarin in Cancer Treatment: Facts, Hypotheses, and Questions.","authors":"Tomas Koltai, Larry Fliegel","doi":"10.1177/2515690X211068826","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2515690X211068826","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The flavonoid silymarin extracted from the seeds of <i>Sylibum marianum</i> is a mixture of 6 flavolignan isomers. The 3 more important isomers are silybin (or silibinin), silydianin, and silychristin. Silybin is functionally the most active of these compounds. This group of flavonoids has been extensively studied and they have been used as hepato-protective substances for the mushroom <i>Amanita phalloides</i> intoxication and mainly chronic liver diseases such as alcoholic cirrhosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver. Hepatitis C progression is not, or slightly, modified by silymarin. Recently, it has also been proposed for SARS COVID-19 infection therapy. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms of action of these substances in cancer are subjects of ongoing research. Paradoxically, many of its identified actions such as antioxidant, promoter of ribosomal synthesis, and mitochondrial membrane stabilization, may seem protumoral at first sight, however, silymarin compounds have clear anticancer effects. Some of them are: decreasing migration through multiple targeting, decreasing hypoxia inducible factor-1α expression, inducing apoptosis in some malignant cells, and inhibiting promitotic signaling among others. Interestingly, the antitumoral activity of silymarin compounds is limited to malignant cells while the nonmalignant cells seem not to be affected. Furthermore, there is a long history of silymarin use in human diseases without toxicity after prolonged administration. The ample distribution and easy accessibility to milk thistle-the source of silymarin compounds, its over the counter availability, the fact that it is a weed, some controversial issues regarding bioavailability, and being a nutraceutical rather than a drug, has somehow led medical professionals to view its anticancer effects with skepticism. This is a fundamental reason why it never achieved bedside status in cancer treatment. However, in spite of all the antitumoral effects, silymarin actually has dual effects and in some cases such as pancreatic cancer it can promote stemness. This review deals with recent investigations to elucidate the molecular actions of this flavonoid in cancer, and to consider the possibility of repurposing it. Particular attention is dedicated to silymarin's dual role in cancer and to some controversies of its real effectiveness.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"27 ","pages":"2515690X211068826"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e2/3d/10.1177_2515690X211068826.PMC8814827.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10612911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Potential of Natural Honey in Controlling Obesity and its Related Complications.","authors":"Muhammad Faiz Zulkifli,&nbsp;Mohd Naim Fadhli Mohd Radzi,&nbsp;Jonel P Saludes,&nbsp;Doralyn S Dalisay,&nbsp;Wan Iryani Wan Ismail","doi":"10.1177/2515690X221103304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X221103304","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Honey has a long history of therapeutic properties for multiple diseases, including inflammation and oxidative stress. This review aimed to provide a better understanding and renewed interest in the potential role of honey in obesity control, obesity-related diseases treatment and weight management, with specific reference to its components and the effect of honey overall. There is compelling evidence that honey possesses the desired properties for this purpose, as seen in the <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in silico, in vivo</i> and clinical analyses discussed in this review. This review also highlights the components potentially responsible for the health benefits of honey. Honey and its components reduce blood sugar levels, improve insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism by reducing triglycerides, and reduce total cholesterol and LDL levels while increasing HDL levels that prevent excessive weight gain and reduce the risk of obesity and its complications. Further controlled studies are necessary to validate the role of honey in the management of obesity, both as a preventive and as a therapeutic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2515690X221103304"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/d1/10/10.1177_2515690X221103304.PMC9585569.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40559158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effects of Natural Product Combinations in Protecting the Endothelium Against Cardiovascular Risk Factors.","authors":"Muhammad Yousaf,&nbsp;Valentina Razmovski-Naumovski,&nbsp;Muhammad Zubair,&nbsp;Dennis Chang,&nbsp;Xian Zhou","doi":"10.1177/2515690X221113327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X221113327","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Endothelial dysfunction is an early hallmark of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Monotherapies are limited due to the complex, multifactorial pathways. The multi-component and multi-targeted approach of natural products have the potential to manage CVDs.This review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the synergistic mechanism of natural product combinations in protecting the endothelium against various cardiovascular risk factors.Databases (PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE) and Google Scholar were searched, and studies in English published between January 2000 and February 2022 were collated. Clinical and pre-clinical studies of natural product combinations with or without pharmaceutical medicines, compared with monotherapy and/or proposing the underlying mechanism in protecting endothelial function, were included.Four clinical studies demonstrated that natural product combinations or natural product-pharmaceutical combinations improved endothelial function. This was associated with multi-targeted effects or improved absorption of the active substances in the body. Seventeen preclinical studies showed that natural product combinations produced synergistic (demonstrated by combination index or Bliss independence model) or enhanced effects in protecting the endothelium against hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, platelet activation, oxidative stress and hyperhomocysteinemia. The molecular targets included reactive oxygen species, Nrf2-HO-1, p38MAPK, P13K/Akt and NF-κB.Thus, the current available evidence of natural product combinations in targeting endothelial dysfunction is predominantly from preclinical studies. These have demonstrated synergistic/enhanced pharmacological activities and proposed associated mechanisms. However, evidence from larger, well-designed clinical trials remains weak. More cohesion is required between preclinical and clinical data to support natural product combinations in preventing or slowing the progression of CVDs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2515690X221113327"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/ac/2d/10.1177_2515690X221113327.PMC9297466.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40515523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vitamin D Supplementation Could Enhance the Effectiveness of Glibenclamide in Treating Diabetes and Preventing Diabetic Nephropathy: A Biochemical, Histological and Immunohistochemical Study.","authors":"Tarek Atia,&nbsp;Mohammad Zahidul Iqbal,&nbsp;Hassan Fathy Ahmed,&nbsp;Hader I Sakr,&nbsp;M H Abdelzaher,&nbsp;Deaa Fekri Morsi,&nbsp;Mostafa E Metawee","doi":"10.1177/2515690X221116403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X221116403","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus is an oxidative stress-related disease characterized by hyperglycemia and a variety of complications, including nephropathy. Vitamin D has variable functions extending beyond the calcium metabolism to prevent oxidative tissue damage. We aimed to investigate whether vitamin D supplements could enhance Glibenclamide's effectiveness in treating diabetes and minimize the risk of associated pathology. Wistar rats were divided into normal control (n = 10) and diabetic (n = 30), where animals received two low doses of Streptozotocin 30 mg/kg/BW intraperitoneally to develop diabetes. The diabetic rats were then randomly divided into three equal groups: untreated, treated with Glibenclamide (0.6 mg/kg), and treated with Glibenclamide and Vitamin D3 (500 IU/kg). After eight weeks, the animals were sacrificed, and blood samples and kidney tissues were collected to evaluate biochemical, anti-oxidant, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and histological and immunohistochemical changes. Diabetic animals had significantly increased fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, blood urea, serum creatinine, and Malondialdehyde levels, whereas serum insulin, albumin, and the anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were significantly decreased compared to normal control (p < 0.01). Furthermore, some renal histological changes were observed together with significantly increased immunoreactivity of anti-p53, anti-TNF-α, and anti-IL-6 antibodies when compared to the normal control. All abnormal parameters improved significantly with Glibenclamide therapy (p < 0.01), but combination therapy with vitamin D produced a much better result. In conclusion, vitamin D supplementation along with anti-diabetic medication can help prevent or reduce the severity of diabetic nephropathy due to its potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic properties.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2515690X221116403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/24/dc/10.1177_2515690X221116403.PMC9393666.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40596127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-plasmodial, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities of Selected Ghanaian Medicinal Plants.","authors":"Regina Appiah-Opong,&nbsp;Kojo Agyemang,&nbsp;Eunice Dotse,&nbsp;Philip Atchoglo,&nbsp;Kofi Baffour-Awuah Owusu,&nbsp;Abigail Aning,&nbsp;Maxwell Sakyiamah,&nbsp;Richard Adegle,&nbsp;Frederick Ayertey,&nbsp;Alfred Ampomah Appiah,&nbsp;Alexander K Nyarko","doi":"10.1177/2515690X211073709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X211073709","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Malaria affects about half of the world's population. The sub-Saharan African region is the most affected. Plant natural products have been a major source of antimalarial drugs; the first (quinine) and present (artemisinin) antimalarials are of natural product origin. Some secondary metabolites demonstrate adjuvant antioxidant effects and selective activity. The focus of this study was to investigate the anti-plasmodial activity, cytotoxicities and antioxidant properties of eight (8) Ghanaian medicinal plants. The anti-plasmodial activity was determined using the SYBR green assay and the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (MTT) was employed to assess cytotoxicity of extracts to human RBCs and HL-60 cells. Antioxidant potential of plant extracts was evaluated using Folin-Ciocalteu and superoxide dismutase assays. Phytochemical contstituents of the plant extracts were also assessed. All the extracts demonstrated anti-plasmodial activities at concentrations <50 μg/ml. <i>Parkia clappertoniana</i> and <i>Terminalia ivorensis</i> elicited the strongest anti-plasmodial activities with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC₅₀) of 1.13 μg/ml and 0.95 μg/ml, respectively. This is the first report on anti-plasmodial activities of <i>Baphia nitida, Tabernaemontana crassa</i> and <i>Treculia Africana. T. Africana</i> showed moderate anti-plasmodial activity with IC₅₀ value of 6.62 µg/mL. Extracts of <i>P. clappertoniana, T. Africana</i> and <i>T. ivorensis</i> (0.4 mg/mL) showed >50% antioxidant effect (SOD). The extracts were not cytotoxicity towards RBCs at the concentration tested (200 μg/ml) but were weakly cytotoxic to HL-60 cell. Selectivity indices of most of the extracts were greater than 10. Our results suggest that most of the plant extracts have strong anti-plasmodial activity and antioxidant activity which warrants further investigations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2515690X211073709"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e1/03/10.1177_2515690X211073709.PMC8772010.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39828364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydroethanolic Extracts of <i>Senna alata</i> Leaves Possess Antimalarial Effects and Reverses Haematological and Biochemical Pertubation in <i>Plasmodium berghei</i>-infected Mice.","authors":"Francis O Atanu,&nbsp;Damilare Rotimi,&nbsp;Omotayo B Ilesanmi,&nbsp;Jamila S Al Malki,&nbsp;Gaber E Batiha,&nbsp;Precious A Idakwoji","doi":"10.1177/2515690X221116407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X221116407","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The current work investigated the chemical profile, antimalarial potential and capacity of hydroethanolic <i>Senna alata</i> extract (SAE) to reverse hematological and biochemical pertubation in <i>Plasmodium berghei</i> infected mice. Results of the phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics, tannins, terpenoids, saponins, steroids and cardiac glycosides. Total phenolic and flavonoid content was estimated to be 45.29 ± 2.34 mg GAE/g and 25.22 ± 2.26 mg QE/g respectively. <i>In vitro</i> analysis of the extract also confirmed its antioxidant property. Results of the test for prophylaxis of <i>P. berghei</i> indicated that SAE suppressed parasitemia significantly in treated groups in a dose dependent manner when compared with negative control group. Similarly, SAE improved the mean survival time (MST) and packed cell volume (PCV) of infected mice. The test for curative effect showed that SAE significantly suppressed parasitemia to 4.50 ± 1.05% compared to untreated group 29.83 ± 3.49%. Results of liver and kidney functions indices of treated animals indicated that whereas infection with <i>P. berghei</i> caused increase in the levels of AST, ALT, ALP, urea and creatinine, treatment with SAE significantly reversed the perturbation. Similarly, infected mice were dyslipidemic with concomitant increased activity of HMG CoA reductase and decreased activity of antioxidant enzymes with increase in lipid peroxides levels. However, these alterations were significantly reversed by administration of SAE. Results of this study shows that <i>Senna alata</i> possess antimalarial activity and therefore justify the traditional use of plant for the treatment of malaria.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2515690X221116407"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c1/70/10.1177_2515690X221116407.PMC9358563.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40683296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials on Interventions Adopting Body-Mind-Spirit (BMS) Model on Holistic Well-Being.","authors":"Tongtong Li, Xinyue Hu, Iris Chi","doi":"10.1177/2515690X221103303","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2515690X221103303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This systematic review aims to examine existing randomized controlled trials on interventions adopting Body-Mind-Spirit (BMS) model and evaluated the effectiveness of holistic well-being outcomes. Following three key concepts of the BMS model, our review questions included (1) How was BMS defined? (2) What activities were included, and how were they related to BMS dimensions? (3) What were interventionists' backgrounds, and whether they received BMS training? (4) What were holistic outcomes? and (5) What were the effectiveness and qualities of studies?</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Searches were performed using nine databases for the studies published through August 2020. The process follows PRISMA protocol, and the \"risk of bias\" tool from the Cochrane Handbook was utilized to determine the quality of included studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Across 20 included studies, 18 (90%) presented a BMS definition, but only seven (35%) included all three key concepts of the BMS model. Eight studies (40%) offered detailed descriptions of body, mind, and spirit sections, and 12 (60%) mentioned cultural factors. Only five (25%) specified the body, mind, and spirit activities, and only three (15%) reported the BMS training in detail. Seven studies (35%) showed effectiveness in holistic outcomes. Only three (15%) were considered as high quality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A unified definition of the BMS model and the guideline to apply the BMS model to design and implement interventions are highly recommended to provide a standard framework for researchers to conduct future studies. The reason for low quality is because the lack of adequate allocation concealment and blindings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"27 ","pages":"2515690X221103303"},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/39/4b/10.1177_2515690X221103303.PMC9168865.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10613783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Sub-Clinical Systemic Metabolic Acidosis - A Review with Implications for Clinical Practice.","authors":"David Francis Naude MTech Hom","doi":"10.1177/2515690X221142352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X221142352","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>When arterial serum pH remains near the lower pH limit of 7.35 for protracted periods of time, a low-grade, sub-clinical form of acidosis results, referred to in this review as chronic, sub-clinical, systemic metabolic acidosis (CSSMA). This narrative review explores the scientific basis for CSSMA, its consequences for health, and potential therapeutic interventions. The major etiology of CSSMA is the shift away from the ancestral, alkaline diet which was rich in fruit and vegetables, toward the contemporary, acidogenic 'Westernized' diet characterized by higher animal protein consumption and lack of base forming minerals. Urine pH is reduced with high dietary acid load and may be a convenient marker of CSSMA. Evidence suggests further that CSSMA negatively influences cortisol levels potentially contributing significantly to the pathophysiology thereof. Both CSSMA and high dietary acid load are associated with the risk and prognosis of various chronic diseases. Clinical trials show that CSSMA can be addressed successfully through alkalizing the diet by increasing fruit and vegetable intake and/or supplementing with alkaline minerals. This review confirms the existence of a significant body of evidence regarding this low-grade form of acidosis as well as evidence to support its diverse negative implications for health, and concludes that CSSMA is a condition warranting further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":"27 ","pages":"2515690X221142352"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/cc/28/10.1177_2515690X221142352.PMC9716591.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10483619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-dose Oral Thimerosal for the Treatment of Oral Herpes: Clinical Trial Results and Improved Outcome After Post-hoc Analysis.","authors":"Stephen W Mamber,&nbsp;Thomas Hatch,&nbsp;Craig S Miller,&nbsp;John V Murray,&nbsp;Cynthia Strout,&nbsp;John McMichael","doi":"10.1177/2515690X221078004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X221078004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Thimerosal (TML) is an organomercury antimicrobial. Low doses (1/250^th of the amount in a typical vaccine dose) may promote an antiviral immune response. Low-dose TML (BTL-TML) was evaluated for safety and efficacy against herpes labialis in two FDA-approved, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>BTL-TML was evaluated in a Phase IIa trial for its ability to block progression to lesion in subjects with recurrent oral herpes caused by dental trauma. Subjects were administered BTL-TML or a saline control over a 7-day period. In a Phase IIb trial, BTL-TML was evaluated for its ability to block progression to lesion over a 7-day period in subjects with herpes lip infections induced by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Progression to lesion post-dental procedure was prevented in 54.5% (12/22) TML subjects versus 22.2% (2/9) control subjects (p = 0.106). Progression to lesion post-UV irradiation was blocked in 47.8% (11/23) BTL-TML treatment subjects and 42.8% (6/14) control subjects. A post-hoc analysis yielded 52.2% (12/23) BTL-TML subjects with no progression to lesion versus 28.6% (6/21) control subjects with no progression (p = 0.099). There were no significant differences in adverse effects between treatment and control groups in either trial.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Neither clinical trial showed a statistically significant effect of BTL-TML on progression to lesion. However, the post-hoc analysis suggested there is a 48-hour period following UV radiation exposure during which the anti-herpes activity of antivirals such as BTL-TML is reduced. Accordingly, BTL-TML may have promise in subsequent, properly designed and powered clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":" ","pages":"2515690X221078004"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/44/66/10.1177_2515690X221078004.PMC8841908.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39906202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}