Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Anti-inflammatory, Analgesic, and Cytotoxic Effects of The Phytexponent: A Polyherbal Formulation","authors":"Halvince O Odira, Simon O Mitema, I. Mapenay, G. Moriasi","doi":"10.1177/2515690X221082986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X221082986","url":null,"abstract":"The Phytexponent is used to treat pain and inflammation in complementary and alternative medicine practices; however, empirical data supporting its pharmacological efficacy and safety is scanty, hence the present study. We used the carrageenan-induced paw oedema and the acetic acid-induced writhing techniques to determine the anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacies, respectively, of the Phytexponent in Swiss albino mice models. The 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay technique was used to investigate the in vitro cytotoxic effects of the Phytexponent in the Vero E6 cell line. The Phytexponent exerted significant (P < .05) anti-inflammatory effects in the carrageenan-induced paw oedema mouse model in a dose- and time-dependent manner, with significantly higher efficacy at 250 mg/Kg BW, than indomethacin (4 mg/Kg BW), in the first, second, and third hour (P < .05). Besides, the Phytexponent significantly reduced the acetic acid-induced writhing frequency in mice (P < .05), in a dose-dependent manner, depicting its analgesic efficacy. Notably, the Phytexponent (at doses: 125 mg/Kg BW and 250 mg/Kg BW) exhibited significantly higher analgesic efficacy than the Indomethacin (P<.05). Moreover, the Phytexponent was not cytotoxic to Vero E6 cells (CC50 >1000 µg/ml) compared to cyclophosphamide (CC50 = 2.48 µg/ml). Thus, the Phytexponent has significant in vivo anti-inflammatory and analgesic efficacy in mice models and is not cytotoxic to Vero E6 cell line, depicting its therapeutic potential upon further empirical investigation.","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48752741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of African Medicinal Plants and Functional Foods for the Management of Alzheimer's Disease-related Phenotypes, Treatment of HSV-1 Infection and/or Improvement of Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Edward Jenner Tettevi,&nbsp;Mahmoud Maina,&nbsp;David Larbi Simpong,&nbsp;Mike Y Osei-Atweneboana,&nbsp;Augustine Ocloo","doi":"10.1177/2515690X221114657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X221114657","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder is the most common form of dementia globally. Several studies have suggested alteration in the gut microbiota and HSV-1 infection as contributing factors to the development of the disease. As at now, there are no AD attenuating agents and AD pharmacotherapy is focused on managing symptoms while plants used in ethnomedicine remain potential sources of drugs for the treatment of the condition. Here, we reviewed published databases for African ethnomedicinal plants and functional foods of African origin that are used in the management of AD-related phenotypes, treatment of herpes simplex virus -1 (HSV-1) and/or improvement of gut microbiota. A total of 101 unique plant species and 24 different types of traditionally prepared African functional foodstuff were identified. Of the 101 identified plant species, 50 species serve as functional foodstuffs. Twenty-three (23) of the ethnomedicinal plant families were successfully identified for the treatment and management of AD-related phenotypes and age-related dementia. Eighteen (18) African plant species from 15 families were also identified as potent remedies for HSV-1; while many African wild fruits (3 species), roots and tubers (7 species), leafy vegetables (14 species), and seaweeds (26 species) were functional foods for modifying AD-related phenotypes. It was concluded that African medicinal plants are potential sources of both AD attenuating agents and phytocompounds that may be used against HSV-1 infection and alteration of gut microbiota. Additionally, a number of African functional foods are important sources of prebiotics and probiotics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/56/10.1177_2515690X221114657.PMC9310297.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40616358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Slow Deep Breathing on Acute Clinical Pain in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials","authors":"A. Joseph, Rajat N Moman, Ross A. Barman, Donald J Kleppel, Nathan D. Eberhart, D. Gerberi, M. Murad, W. Hooten","doi":"10.1177/2515690X221078006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X221078006","url":null,"abstract":"Slow deep breathing (SDB) may help patients with acute pain. The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to investigate the effects of SDB on acute pain. Secondary aims include investigating the effects of SDB on acute pain-related physical and emotional functioning. An a priori protocol was registered and a database search was conducted by a reference librarian. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) were eligible for inclusion and exclusion criteria included studies of SDB for non-pain indications and studies that applied SDB as a component of an encompassing intervention. The risk or bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration's revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomized trials. Meta-analysis was conducted using the random effects model. A total of 11 968 studies were screened and seven RCTs met inclusion criteria; five were judged to have low risk of bias. Meta-analysis of post-intervention pain scores demonstrated that SDB was associated with significantly lower pain scores compared with a control group, but with high levels of heterogeneity. Subgroup analyzes demonstrated that trials of burn pain were associated with a larger reduction in pain which partially explains the heterogeneity. Very low certainty evidence suggests that SDB may reduce acute pain intensity. Further research is needed to identify patients who are candidates for SDB and determine the best approach to deliver this therapy.","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45459011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of Whole Plant Extracts With Activity Against Herpes Simplex Viruses In Vitro and In Vivo.","authors":"Anna Garber,&nbsp;Lianna Barnard,&nbsp;Chris Pickrell","doi":"10.1177/2515690X20978394","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X20978394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herpes simplex viruses, HSV-1 and HSV-2, are highly contagious and cause lifelong, latent infections with recurrent outbreaks of oral and/or genital lesions. No cure exists for HSV-1 or HSV-2 infections, but antiviral medications are commonly used to prevent and treat outbreaks. Resistance to antivirals has begun to emerge, placing an importance on finding new and effective therapies for prophylaxis and treatment of HSV outbreaks. Botanicals may be effective HSV therapies as the constituents they contain act through a variety of mechanisms, potentially making the development of antiviral resistance more challenging. A wide variety of plants from different regions in the world have been studied for antiviral activity against HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 and showed efficacy of varying degrees. The purpose of this review is to summarize research conducted on whole plant extracts against HSV-1 and/or HSV-2 in vitro and in vivo. The majority of the research reviewed was conducted in vitro using animal cell lines, and some studies used an animal model design. Also summarized are a limited number of human trials conducted using botanical therapies on HSV lesions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2515690X20978394","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25378138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Benefit of OTC Formula Against COVID-19 Is Explained by Selection Bias.","authors":"Harri Hemilä","doi":"10.1177/2515690X211058417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X211058417","url":null,"abstract":"Margolin et al. published a study in which they concluded that a multi-component OTC formulation containing vitamin C, vitamin E, vitamin D, zinc, lysine, quercetin, and Quina extract prevented COVID-19. They reported that 9 of the 60 control participants became COVID-19 positive during the 20-weeks follow-up, whereas none of the 53 participants in the OTC regimen group became COVID-19 positive. Participants were not divided into the groups randomly, nor by alternative allocation. Instead, participants of the “test” group decided for themselves to participate in the trial, whereas the “control” participants decided for themselves not to participate. Margolin argues that “subjects of the regimen-compliant test group and the non-compliant control group both met the same set of inclusion criteria”. However, “the same set of inclusion criteria” in this case does not make compliant and non-compliant participants similar. It is highly likely that there are systematic life-style and other differences between people who chose and those who do not chose to participate in intervention trials. In fact, there is empirical evidence for differences in people by willingness and compliance. In the follow-up of the questionnaire-cohort of the Physicians’ Health Study, age-adjusted overall mortality was 19% lower among 59 277 men who were willing to participate, compared with 52 883 men who were not willing to participate in the trial. However, when baseline characteristics were taken into account, the adjusted difference fell to just 5% and was no longer a significant difference. Thus, essentially all of the significant 19% difference was explained by life-style and other differences between the two groups. For example, “those who were willing, tended to be younger, exercise more, and be less likely to have a positive disease history for several major chronic conditions”. Thus, the uniform set of criteria for sending the questionnaire to the large group of male physicians aged 40 to 84 years did not generate to a homogeneous group of men, and within the large group there were substantial systematic differences between those who were willing and those who were not willing to participate in the trial. In epidemiology this phenomenon is called selection bias. The purpose of randomization in randomized controlled trials (RCT) is to form two (or more) groups that do not have any systematic differences between the groups. Thereby the differences between the groups that appear during intervention can be attributed to the particular intervention. There is RCT evidence that vitamin C may influence COVID-19, and that nasal carrageenan influences coronavirus infections. Therefore, randomized trials on OTC treatments for the newcoronavirus andother respiratory viruses should be encouraged. However, comparison of participants who are willing versus notwilling to participate in a trial is fundamentally biased and therefore thefindings of theMargolin study are not a validmeasur","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8591635/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39610891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meditation Monologue can Reduce Clinical Injection-Related Anxiety: Randomized Controlled Trial.","authors":"Dai Sugimoto,&nbsp;Nathalie R Slick,&nbsp;David L Mendel,&nbsp;Cynthia J Stein,&nbsp;Emily Pluhar,&nbsp;Joana L Fraser,&nbsp;William P Meehan,&nbsp;Gianmichel D Corrado","doi":"10.1177/2515690X211006031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X211006031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Strategies to reduce anxiety prior to injection procedures are not well understood. The purpose is to determine the effect of a meditation monologue intervention delivered via phone/mobile application on pre-injection anxiety levels among patients undergoing a clinical injection. The following hypothesis was tested: patients who listened to a meditation monologue via phone/mobile application prior to clinical injection would experience less anxiety compared to those who did not.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A prospective, randomized controlled trial was performed at an orthopedics and sports medicine clinic of a tertiary level medical center in the New England region, USA. Thirty patients scheduled for intra- or peri-articular injections were randomly allocated to intervention (meditation monologue) or placebo (nature sounds) group. Main outcome variables were state and trait anxiety inventory (STAI) scores and blood pressure (BP), heart rate, and respiratory rate.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 16 participants who were allocated to intervention (meditation monologue) while 14 participants were assigned to placebo (nature sounds). There was no interaction effect. However, a main time effect was found. Both state anxiety (STAI-S) and trait anxiety (STAI-T) scores were significantly reduced post-intervention compared to pre-intervention (STAI-S: p = 0.04, STAI-T: p = 0.04). Also, a statistically significant main group effect was detected. The pre- and post- STAI-S score reduction was greater in the intervention group (p = 0.028). Also, a significant diastolic BP increase between pre- and post-intervention was recorded in the intervention group (p = 0.028), but not in the placebo group (p = 0.999).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Listening to a meditation monologue via phone/mobile application prior to clinical injection can reduce anxiety in adult patients receiving intra- and peri-articular injections. <b>Registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02690194.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2515690X211006031","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38913039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physicochemical Variation in Nanogold-Based Ayurved Medicine Suvarna Bhasma Produced by Various Manufacturers Lead to Different In Vivo Bioaccumulation Profiles.","authors":"Snehasis Biswas,&nbsp;Mukesh Chawda,&nbsp;Kapil Thakur,&nbsp;Ramacharya Gudi,&nbsp;Jayesh Bellare","doi":"10.1177/2515690X211011064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X211011064","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Suvarna Bhasma</i> (SB) is a gold particle-based medicine that is used in <i>Ayurved</i> to treat tuberculosis, arthritis and nervous diseases. Traditionally, the <i>Ayurved</i> preparation processes of SB do exist, but they are all long, tedious and involve several steps. Due to this, there is a possibility of bypassing the necessary <i>Ayurved</i> processes or non-adherence to all steps or use of synthetic gold particles. Our aim is to characterize 5 commercial SB preparations from 5 different manufacturers. A comparative physicochemical, pharmacokinetic (PK) and bioaccumulation study was carried out on all the 5 SB preparations. The general appearance such as color and texture of these 5 samples were different from each other. The size, shape and gold concentration (from 32-98 wt%) varied among all the 5 SBs. The accumulation of ionic gold in zebrafish and gold concentration profiles in rat blood were found to be significantly different for all the 5 SBs. Non-compartmental PK model obtained from the concentration-time profile showed significant differences in various PK parameters such as peak concentration (C_max), half-life (t_1/2) and terminal elimination slope (λ_z) for all the 5 SB preparations. SB-B showed the highest C_max (8.55 μg/L), whereas SB-D showed the lowest C_max (4.66 μg/L). The dissolution of ionic gold from SBs in zebrafish tissue after the oral dose had a 5.5-fold difference between the highest and lowest ionic gold concentrations. All the 5 samples showed distinct physicochemical and biological properties. Based on characteristic microscopic morphology, it was found that 2 preparations among them were suspected of being manufactured by non-adherence to the mentioned <i>Ayurved</i> references.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2515690X211011064","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38914327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reno-Hepatoprotective and Antidiabetic Properties of Methanol Leaf Extract of <i>Laportea Aestuans</i> in Wistar Rats.","authors":"Oluwaseyi Adegoke Adetunji, Jeremiah Olorunjuwon Olugbami, Ayodeji Mathias Adegoke, Michael Adedapo Gbadegesin, Oyeronke Adunni Odunola","doi":"10.1177/2515690X211017464","DOIUrl":"10.1177/2515690X211017464","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxicities due to exposure to arsenic-contaminated water and the occurrence of diabetes mellitus are major health concerns. Treatment of these concerns using therapeutic measures have recorded limited success. Traditionally, <i>Laportea aestuans</i> (LA) has been used in managing various diseases. Hence, we investigated the reno-hepatoprotective/antidiabetic potentials of methanol leaf extract of LA (MeLELA) in male Wistar rats. Thirty rats (100-150 g) were equally distributed into 6 groups: Group I (vehicle-treated); group II received 2.5 mg/kg sodium arsenite (SA) thrice a week for 2 weeks; group III received streptozotocin (STZ, 50 mg/kg once); group IV received 200 mg/kg LA daily for 14 days; group V received SA and LA; group VI received STZ and LA. Sodium arsenite and STZ induced reno-hepatotoxicity and diabetes, respectively. Phytochemical screening, biomarkers/enzyme activities, blood glucose levels, micronucleus assay, kidney, liver and pancreas histologies were determined according to standard procedures. Alkaloids, carotenoids and flavonoids were present in abundance. Both SA-and STZ-treated groups recorded significant (p < 0.05) reductions in serum protein concentrations, while co-treatment with LA significantly restored the levels. The SA-induced significant increase in creatinine/urea levels were significantly reduced by LA. Co-treatment of each of SA-and STZ-treated groups, respectively, with LA significantly decreased the elevated serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases' activities. Increased blood glucose level in diabetic group was remarkably lowered by LA. Also, the SA-induced frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was significantly ameliorated by LA. Conclusively, LA is protective against SA-induced toxicity and STZ-induced diabetes in Wistar rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/41/cb/10.1177_2515690X211017464.PMC8168169.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38952111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytochemical and Therapeutic Potential of <i>Citrus grandis</i> (L.) Osbeck: A Review.","authors":"Rusat Jahin Anmol,&nbsp;Shabnam Marium,&nbsp;Fei Tsong Hiew,&nbsp;Wan Chien Han,&nbsp;Lee Kuan Kwan,&nbsp;Alicia Khai Yeen Wong,&nbsp;Farzana Khan,&nbsp;Md Moklesur Rahman Sarker,&nbsp;Siok Yee Chan,&nbsp;Nurolaini Kifli,&nbsp;Long Chiau Ming","doi":"10.1177/2515690X211043741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X211043741","url":null,"abstract":"Citrus grandis or Citrus maxima, widely recognized as Pomelo is widely cultivated in many countries because of their large amounts of functional, nutraceutical and biological activities. In traditional medicine, various parts of this plant including leaf, pulp and peel are used for generations as they are scientifically proven to have therapeutic potentials and safe for human use. The main objective of this study was to review the different therapeutic applications of Citrus grandis and the phytochemicals associated with its medicinal values. In this article different pharmacological properties like antimicrobial, antitumor, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiepileptic, stomach tonic, cardiac stimulant, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and anti-diabetic activities of the plant are highlighted. The enrichment of the fruit with flavonoids, polyphenols, coumarins, limonoids, acridone alkaloids, essential oils and vitamins mainly helps in exhibiting the pharmacological activities within the body. The vitamins enriched fruit is rich in nutritional value and also has minerals like calcium, phosphorous, sodium and potassium, which helps in maintaining the proper health and growth of the bones as well as the electrolyte balance of the body. To conclude, various potential therapeutic effects of Citrus grandis have been demonstrated in recent literature. Further studies on various parts of fruit, including pulp, peel, leaf, seed and it essential oil could unveil additional pharmacological activities which can be beneficial to the mankind.","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c7/bb/10.1177_2515690X211043741.PMC8527587.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39524176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cassia Abbreviata Enhances Glucose Uptake and Glucose Transporter 4 Translocation in C2C12 Mouse Skeletal Muscle Cells.","authors":"F D Y Kamga-Simo,&nbsp;G P Kamatou,&nbsp;C Ssemakalu,&nbsp;L J Shai","doi":"10.1177/2515690X211006333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/2515690X211006333","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aim at assessing <i>C. abbreviata</i> aqueous extracts for its potential to exhibit anti-diabetic activity in skeletal muscle cells. In addition to the toxicological and glucose absorption studies, the action of <i>C. abbreviata</i> extracts on some major genes involved in the insulin signaling pathway was established.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The <i>in vitro</i> cytotoxic effects <i>C. abbreviata</i> was evaluated on muscle cells using the MTT assay and the <i>in vitro</i> glucose uptake assay conducted using a modified glucose oxidase method described by Van de Venter et al. (2008). The amount of GLUT-4 on cell surfaces was estimated quantitatively using the flow cytometry technique. Real time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to determine the expression of GLUT-4, IRS-1, PI3 K, Akt1, Akt2, PPAR-γ.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cytotoxicity tests revealed that all extracts tested at various concentrations were non-toxic (LC₅₀ > 5000). Aqueous extracts of leaves, bark and seeds resulted in a dose-dependent increase in glucose absorption by cells, after 1 h, 3 h and 6 h incubation period. Extracts of all three plant parts had the best effect after 3 h incubation, with the leaf extract showing the best activity across time (Glucose uptake of 29%, 56% and 42% higher than untreated control cells after treatment with 1 mg/ml extract at 1 h, 3 h and 6 h, respectively). All extracts, with the exception 500 µg/ml seed extract, induced a two-fold increase in GLUT-4 translocation while marginally inducing GLUT-10 translocation in the muscle cells. The indirect immunofluorescence confirmed that GLUT-4 translocation indeed occurred. There was an increased expression of GLUT-4, IRS1 and PI3 K in cells treated with insulin and bark extract as determined by the RT-qPCR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study reveals that glucose uptake involves GLUT-4 translocation through a mechanism that is likely to involve the upstream effectors of the PI3-K/Akt pathway.</p>","PeriodicalId":15714,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Evidence-based Integrative Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/2515690X211006333","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25535565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}