Journal of Empirical Finance最新文献

{"title":"Does carbon risk exposure make funds more vulnerable?","authors":"Hu Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101523","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101523","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>How carbon risk exposure affects fund vulnerability is an important and unexplored topic. On this basis, I explore the impact of the carbon risk exposure of funds on their vulnerability. I find that funds with higher carbon risk exposure are more vulnerable. I further investigate the mechanism by which the carbon risk exposure of funds affects their vulnerability and verify the fund flow correlation and fund portfolio liquidity channels. I find that the increase in the carbon risk exposure of funds increases flow correlation and reduces portfolio liquidity, thereby increasing their vulnerability. The heterogeneity analysis results also highlight the greater impact of carbon risk exposure on the vulnerability of funds with poor social responsibility performance and higher portfolio concentration.</p><p>G11; G12; G23</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101523"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141402838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empirical analysis of crude oil dynamics using affine vs. non-affine jump-diffusion models","authors":"Katja Ignatieva,&nbsp;Patrick Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101519","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101519","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper investigates the dynamics of the United States oil (USO) exchange traded fund (ETF). Daily USO returns are modelled using stochastic volatility (SV) frameworks derived from three different model classes: SV models with contemporaneous jumps in returns and volatility (SVCJ); SV model with jumps in returns only (SVJ); and a pure SV model class without jumps. Six affine and non-affine models are considered within each model class that depend on specification of the drift and the diffusion terms in the variance process, resulting in a total of 18 models that are estimated using particle Markov Chain Monte Carlo (PMCMC) approach. Model evaluation is conducted using the Deviance Information Criterion (DIC), Bayes factors, probability plots, and deviation measures to assess the discrepancy between the estimated volatility and key benchmarks, the crude oil ETF volatility index (OVX) and the realised volatility (RV). Our analysis indicates that models incorporating jumps, particularly the SVCJ-PLY-0.5 and SVCJ-PLY-1.0, more accurately capture USO dynamics than standard SV models. The SVCJ-PLY-0.5 model ranks highest based on DIC statistics and Bayes factors, and both models excel in aligning their estimated volatility with the OVX and RV benchmarks. Overall, the statistical criteria employed in our comparison favour models with jumps over the standard SV model class, suggesting that models incorporating jumps in both return and variance processes (SVCJ) are superior to those with jumps solely in the return process (SVJ). The affine models SVJ-LIN-0.5 and SVCJ-LIN-0.5 with linear variance drift and square root diffusion that are particularly interesting for theoretical finance applications are highly ranked among considered frameworks, outperforming several non-affine alternatives. Our analysis of the regression model for volatility forecasting reveals a significant predictive accuracy in the evaluated models, demonstrating their effectiveness in anticipating future volatility trends.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101519"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927539824000549/pdfft?md5=94a378f12e4d90ee28ed7269c27762d6&pid=1-s2.0-S0927539824000549-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141391288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do mutual funds and ETFs affect the commonality in liquidity of corporate bonds?","authors":"Efe Cotelioglu","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper explores the influence of increasing ownership in fixed-income ETFs and mutual funds on liquidity commonality among corporate bonds. The unpredictable nature of liquidity demands in these funds may lead to correlated trading in underlying illiquid bonds. The study finds a positive and significant relationship between ETF ownership and liquidity commonality in investment-grade corporate bonds. In contrast, mutual fund or index fund ownership does not exhibit a similar effect, a result that differentiates corporate bonds from equities. This distinction from equities is attributed to different liquidity management strategies employed by equity and corporate bond mutual funds. The paper also highlights factors contributing to the varying impacts of ETFs and mutual funds on corporate bonds, including correlated trading due to fund flows, differences in investor clienteles, and the role of ETF arbitrage activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101520"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141423411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-standard errors in asset pricing: Mind your sorts","authors":"Amar Soebhag ,&nbsp;Bart Van Vliet ,&nbsp;Patrick Verwijmeren","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101517","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-standard errors capture variation due to differences in research design choices. We document large variation in design choices in the context of asset pricing factor models and find that the average ratio of the non-standard error to the standard error across factors exceeds one. Using NAN breakpoints instead of NYSE breakpoints improves the average Sharpe ratios the most, from 0.46 to 0.63. Other important design choices relate to excluding microcaps, industry-adjusting, and the rebalancing frequency, which highlights the need for researchers to clearly describe and motivate these choices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101517"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0927539824000525/pdfft?md5=e304478c2f471c56e56e7c8a08543234&pid=1-s2.0-S0927539824000525-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141294746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Firm-level political risk and corporate R&D investment","authors":"Emmanuel Boah,&nbsp;Nacasius U. Ujah","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101513","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101513","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine firms’ investment decisions in research and development during political uncertainty using US firm quarterly data from 2005 through 2021. By using quarterly data, we minimize stickiness and overly generalized assumptions. The findings show that firms invest more in research and development in times of high political risk. Monetarily, the significance translates to about $10.6 million injection into research and development. The results are more pronounced for firms in competitive industries, politically sensitive firms, firms with higher growth opportunities, and firms with more liquid assets. The results are robust to the test for correlation, addressing endogeneity, and alternative proxies adopted for the variables of interest. Overall, the findings of this study support the strategic growth option theory, which suggests that firms follow a preemptive strategy in periods of high uncertainty.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101513"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141277903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policy uncertainty, bad news disclosure, and stock price crash risk","authors":"Jeong-Bon Kim ,&nbsp;Kevin Tseng ,&nbsp;Jundong (Jeff) Wang ,&nbsp;Yaoyi Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101512","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper documents that economic policy uncertainty reduces future stock price crash risk by increasing firms’ disclosure of bad news. Our tests show that firms release more bad news during periods of high policy uncertainty – they use more conservatism accounting, exhibit stronger future earnings response coefficients, use more negative tones in their financial reports, and have managers that express more negative sentiment in earnings conference calls than during periods of low policy uncertainty. Additional analyses show that the negative relation between EPU and future stock price crash risk is more pronounced among firms with more short-sale constraints, with no actively traded credit default swap contracts, with lower options-implied negative skewness, or with higher firm-level political risks. The results from regressions adopting the instrumental variable approach and from a quasi-natural experiment suggest that the negative relation observed between policy uncertainty and stock price crash risk is unlikely to be driven by potential endogeneity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101512"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141329265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of customer unionization on supplier relationships and supplier value","authors":"Hyemin Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101515","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines whether suppliers modify trading strategies upon their customers’ unionization. The study demonstrates that when customers unionize, suppliers experience negative stock returns and rely less on the unionized customers for sales. Results are robust for alternatively using a regression discontinuity design. Suppliers reduce their exposure to unionized customers due to the demand uncertainty arising from potential labor disruptions, the customers’ reduced competitiveness in the product market, and customers’ potential shifting of unionization costs to suppliers. Furthermore, suppliers with unionized customers mitigate risks by seeking new customers and diversifying their customer concentration.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101515"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141290529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why do firms with no leverage still have leverage and volatility feedback effects?","authors":"Geoffrey Peter Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101516","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101516","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The leverage effect hypothesis of Black (1976) and Christie (1982) posits that time-series variation in debt causes an inverse relation between stock return volatility and stock returns. Hasanhodzic and Lo (2019) test this hypothesis in a novel sample of firms with no debt and yet they still find an inverse relation, motivating them to espouse volatility feedback as an alternative. Under standard assumptions governing the risk-return relation from the asset pricing literature, I explain why the stock returns of all-equity-financed firms will still have leverage effects on par with those of debt-financed firms and why the absence of debt at the firm level has no bearing on the leverage and volatility feedback hypotheses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101516"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shadow capital in venture financing: Selection, valuation, and exit dynamic","authors":"Douglas Cumming ,&nbsp;Na Dai","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101514","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101514","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Non-venture capital private equity funds (PEs) have become increasingly interested in investing in entrepreneurial firms. We investigate how PEs invest and perform in comparison to VCs, and the implication of PEs’ participation on ventures. We show that PEs are more likely to invest in ventures after typical investment period and when there was substantial capital overhang. PEs prefer the expansion and late-stage ventures. Investment size and valuation are larger/higher with PEs’ participation. We further find that IPOs and secondary buyout are more prevalent among ventures with PE investments. PEs’ participation also allows ventures more time to get ready for exit.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101514"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141325824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The battle between activist hedge funds and labor unions","authors":"Xu Niu","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101502","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2024.101502","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Activist hedge funds are more likely to target unionized firms. When they do, the short-term stock performance is higher, especially when the hedge funds’ targeting strategy is hostile. Employees and labor organizations at target firms tend to oppose activist hedge funds. Firms are more likely to unionize after being targeted by hedge funds, and employee satisfaction deteriorates at target firms. Moreover, unionized firms are more likely to strike after being targeted, and those strikes in opposition to hedge fund intervention are more severe and more detrimental to the firms. This paper further explores potential costs and harmful consequences to the firm value due to the tension between activist hedge funds and labor unions. After being targeted, unionized firms tend to have lower profitability, weakened corporate governance, exposure to a higher degree of competitive and product market threats, and a higher crash risk in stock prices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"78 ","pages":"Article 101502"},"PeriodicalIF":2.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141133709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}