{"title":"Are the stylized features of stock returns the same in market downturns and upturns?","authors":"Bowen Cheng , Wanling Huang , Cathy Ning , Dinghai Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101695","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101695","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates key features of stock returns – including the leverage effect, contemporaneous leverage effect, volatility clustering, and feedback effect – using a vine copula framework. Unlike traditional copula models, our approach enables the joint examination of these features simultaneously, particularly under extreme market conditions when they are most critical for risk management. Based on high-frequency data from major global stock markets and large-cap U.S. firms, we find strong evidence of volatility clustering, characterized by nonlinearity and marked asymmetry: the clusters of high volatility occur more frequently than those of low volatility, with the effect more pronounced for indices than for individual firms. We also identify significant asymmetric leverage and contemporaneous leverage effects, both of which occur only at market downturn. At extremes, the contemporaneous leverage effect is slightly stronger than the leverage effect, suggesting both immediate and persistent volatility responses to adverse news. Moreover, these stylized features intensified during the 2008 financial crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. Our Value at Risk (VaR) analysis and backtesting further demonstrate the superior performance of the vine copula model relative to linear dependence models and pair copula alternatives. These findings provide important insights for enhancing risk management practices and improving option pricing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Firm location and the value-growth premium","authors":"Brent W. Ambrose , Yifan Chen , Timothy T. Simin","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101690","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101690","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the value-growth premium puzzle by merging insights from urban economics and finance that relate firm location to its stock performance. The value-growth premium in locations with high historical house price appreciation is 3.6% per year larger than the premium in areas that experienced little house price appreciation. The results support investment-based models explaining the value premium; moreover, we find the house price channel reduces returns of growth firms rather than increasing returns of value firms. House price appreciation remains significant after controlling for common explanations of the premium.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jingjing Chen , George J. Jiang , Chenye Liu , Dongming Zhu
{"title":"Positivity and long-lasting momentum","authors":"Jingjing Chen , George J. Jiang , Chenye Liu , Dongming Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101694","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101694","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose a simple momentum indicator <em>positivity</em>, defined as the percentage of days with non-negative returns, and show that it has a strong predictive power for stock returns over long horizons up to five years. The return-predictive power outlasts other conventional momentum indicators, including past stock returns and stock return consistency. We show that winners identified by positivity are young small-medium value firms, with relatively low sales growth but high earnings growth and robust fundamentals. Moreover, we show that in contrast to volatile “glamorous” growth stocks, these steady value stocks receive less attention of short-term speculative and noise traders and have modest valuation. Finally, we show that the long-lasting momentum of high positivity stocks is justified by persistent superior fundamental performance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101694"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146122635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measuring daily systemic risk with intraday data: Evidence from foreign exchange market","authors":"Yi Zhou , Wenjing Xia , Wuyi Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101693","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101693","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study introduces a method for computing daily systemic risk measures using high-frequency data, specifically realized conditional value-at-risk (RCoVaR) and realized marginal expected shortfall (RMES). RCoVaR and RMES are empirical estimators derived from scaling high-frequency returns, offering benefits such as model-independence and adaptability to diverse datasets. To mitigate market microstructure noise (MMN) inherent in high-frequency data, we employ overlapping and subsampling approaches in the estimation of RCoVaR and RMES. Empirical analysis focuses on systemic risk within the foreign exchange market. The results indicate that noise-treated RCoVaR and RMES serve as effective alternatives for daily systemic risk estimation. These techniques also enhance out-of-sample predictive accuracy when employed as predictors within systemic risk forecasting frameworks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 101693"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The veracity of insider trading signals in financially distressed firms","authors":"Paula Hill , Adriana Korczak , Shuo Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101713","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101713","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We show that insider trading behaviour provides a credible signal of future share return performance within a sample of firms undergoing financial distress. We argue that when firms are in distress the incentive for insiders to employ their trading to send a false positive signal is high, however we find that distressed firms with insider buying have significantly better future share returns than firms with no insider trading or insider selling. We employ credit rating downgrades as confirmation of the distressed state, and we investigate the reasons why the positive signal associated with insider buying deviates from the negative downgrade signal of the rating agencies. Our analysis shows that this is not due to a lack of rating agency information; there are very few rating downgrade reversals. We conclude that insider purchases are partly driven by an over-reaction to bad news in the period of distress, which subsequently reverses; such mispricing would not be expected to be related to informed credit rating actions. We also find that the share return recovery is partial, and this leaves open the possibility that it is inadequate to reach the rating upgrade hurdle. While on average outside investors would benefit from retaining their shares in distressed firms with insider buying, we highlight a subset of firms where this is not the case.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101713"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147800778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeffery Jinfan Chang , Huancheng Du , Xiaoran Ni , Yuheng Wang
{"title":"The free dividend fallacy in the Chinese stock market: Evidence from stock pricing behavior around ex-dividend day","authors":"Jeffery Jinfan Chang , Huancheng Du , Xiaoran Ni , Yuheng Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We document a unique anomalous pattern in stock prices around the ex-dividend day. Stock prices significantly rise above their fair value prior to the ex-dividend day; this is followed by an excessive ex-dividend day price drop relative to the size of the dividend, leading to a significant and negative market-adjusted return on the ex-dividend day. In an attempt to explain such price anomalies, we examine several major dividend related theories and hypotheses including tax-based clientele effect, self-control theory, investors’ risk aversion theory and free dividend fallacy hypothesis. We find empirical evidence that are in support of the free dividend fallacy hypothesis while the implications of other existing theories fail to match with our empirical data. We conclude that individual investors in the Chinese stock market are likely to suffer the free dividend fallacy which in turn serves as the main driver for the documented stock price anomalies around the ex-dividend day.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147851652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matteo Bonato , Rangan Gupta , Christian Pierdzioch
{"title":"Do shortages forecast aggregate and sectoral U.S. stock market realized variance? Evidence from a century of data","authors":"Matteo Bonato , Rangan Gupta , Christian Pierdzioch","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent global economic and political events have made clear that shortages are a key factor driving macroeconomic and financial market developments. Against this backdrop, we studied the forecasting value of shortages for monthly U.S. stock market realized variance (RV) at the aggregate and sectoral level using data spanning the period 1900<span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span>2024 and 1926<span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span>2023 (for most sectors), respectively. To this end, we considered linear and non-linear statistical learning estimators. When we used linear estimators (OLS and shrinkage estimators), we did not find evidence that aggregate and disaggregate shortage indexes have predictive value for subsequent market or sectoral RVs. In contrast, when we used random forests, a nonlinear nonparametric estimator, we detected that aggregate and disaggregate shortage indexes improve forecast accuracy of market and sectoral RVs after controlling for realized moments (realized leverage, realized skewness, realized kurtosis, realized tail risks). We then decomposed RV into a high, medium, and low frequency component and found that the shortages indexes are correlated mainly with the medium and low frequencies of RV. Finally, we found that the predictive value of shortages for RV was larger in the 1980s and 1990s than in later parts of our sample period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147732541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Florentina Paraschiv , Markus Schmid , Ranik Raaen Wahlstrøm
{"title":"Bankruptcy prediction of privately held SMEs using feature selection methods","authors":"Florentina Paraschiv , Markus Schmid , Ranik Raaen Wahlstrøm","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101725","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2026.101725","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We test alternative feature selection methods for bankruptcy prediction and illustrate their superiority versus popular models used in the literature. We apply these methods to a comprehensive dataset of more than 1.8 million financial statements covering the entire universe of privately held Norwegian SMEs in 2006–2020. We find that input variables chosen by an embedded least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method yield the best in-sample fit, out-of-sample performance, and stability, robust across different time periods and estimation techniques. In a real-world simulation of a competitive credit market, even small differences in model performance translate into large differences in bank profitability, with LASSO outperforming all alternatives. Finally, contrasting bankruptcy predictors for SMEs with those for larger firms reveals economically meaningful differences consistent with theory: leverage and liquidity dominate for SMEs while profitability matters more for larger firms, reflecting SMEs’ higher refinancing risk and limited access to external financing. Predictors tailored specifically to SMEs yield superior prediction performance and higher bank profitability than those derived from larger firms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101725"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147743512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can mutual fund “stars” really pick stocks? New evidence from a wild bootstrap analysis","authors":"Ulrich Hounyo , Jiahao Lin","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2025.101673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2025.101673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper identifies the issue of “duplicate observations” in existing methods for analyzing mutual fund performance and proposes a solution using a novel wild bootstrap-based approach. Our proposed method preserves various characteristics of mutual fund databases, including entry/exit points for each fund (i.e., missing data) and cross-sectional information. We show that our proposed bootstrap tests have a near-optimal size and exhibit greater power compared to widely used standard bootstrap methods for evaluating mutual fund performance. Additionally, we present a new approach to picking the top-performing mutual funds. Our empirical results indicate that a measurable fraction of funds outperform the market.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101673"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145600329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Information salience, investor attention, and stock price crash risk","authors":"Zhenshan Chen , Zhibing Li , Jie Liu , Xiaoyu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2025.101670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jempfin.2025.101670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We find that investor attention significantly increases stock price crash risk. To identify the causal effect, we employ daily repeated quasi-natural experiments where the difference of investor attention is not driven by stock fundamentals, but rather exogenous price rounding issue. This positive effect is more pronounced among firms with higher daily abnormal Baidu search index and higher abnormal small fund inflows ratio, but is mitigated for firms with more sophisticated investors, state-owned enterprise, and firms with relaxation of short-sale constraints. Additionally, we provide supporting evidence that information asymmetry triggered by noise attention serves as a channel through which investor attention amplifies stock price crash risk. Finally, we provide additional evidence illustrating the generalizability of our findings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15704,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Empirical Finance","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101670"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145787455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}