Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies最新文献

{"title":"Culture and Digital Capitalism","authors":"Zachariah Tailor","doi":"10.55613/jeet.v32i2.117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v32i2.117","url":null,"abstract":"In the face of nearly inescapable subsumption of the world by the digital sphere, Tung-Hui Hu's Digital Lethargy offers an evocative lens through which to make sense of digital capitalism's kaleidascopic maelstrom of networks, social relations, expressions and oppressions. Through perceptive analyses of six diverse responses to digital capitalism, Hu delivers an invaluable contribution to the crucial body of literature that is growing around the new digital mode of capitalism. The following review assesses some key aspects of Hu's book whilst asking pertinent questions about the nature of lethargy as a subversive attitude and tactic. ","PeriodicalId":157018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128565201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Science of Virtual Culture Wars","authors":"W. Bainbridge","doi":"10.55613/jeet.v32i1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v32i1.112","url":null,"abstract":"Much of today’s geopolitical conflict is taking place online, carried out in significant measure by volunteers, even as governments seek to emphasize information technology cooperation. Computational social scientists have discovered multiple online environments in which to collect relevant statistical data, including Wikipedia pageviews, archives of government research grant abstracts, and behavior in massively multiplayer online war games. Three very different examples of the dynamics of collaboration and conflict provide alternative perspectives: (1) the Pirate Parties that seem to have been an overly ambitious attempt to transform democracy in the Information Age, (2) citizen science that had some success attracting volunteers to donate labor to academic research projects, but generally avoided controversial research projects in areas such as human conflict, and (3) a genre of online role-playing games that emphasized spontaneous organization of volunteer armies to develop skills and resources for victory.  Without claiming to offer strict rules for success, this article considers the organizational structures and practical methodologies that might be adapted for achievement of goals by ethical social movements.","PeriodicalId":157018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130512029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Philosophy of Posthuman Art.” Stefan Lorenz Sorgner, 2022, Schwabe Verlag.","authors":"Nicolás Antonio Rojas Cortés","doi":"10.55613/jeet.v32i1.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v32i1.113","url":null,"abstract":"Sometimes I feel that Sorgner's ideas can foresee the questions I can ask about his philosophy. But I cannot claim that he is a prophet of Apollo. Instead, his latest work continues to embrace a Dionysian constant, showing the reaches of an ontology of per-manent becoming and putting into practice his own understanding of philosophy, namely an \"Intellectual War of Values\" (2017; 2022a, 43-49). Such a statement is Hera-clitean and, therefore, also Nietzschean. In this sense, Philosophy of Posthuman Art is not a work independent of the author's other works, but a necessary consequence of his global intellectual production.","PeriodicalId":157018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies","volume":"228 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122430625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"3D Bioprinting and Organ Transplantation: Patient Dream or Ethical Nightmare?","authors":"Zeashan Khan, Afifa Siddique","doi":"10.55613/jeet.v32i1.96","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v32i1.96","url":null,"abstract":"With the advent of recent advancements in biotechnology and digital manufacturing, organ manufacturing and transplantation has become a reality nowadays. This paper describes a detailed overview of the success and challenges of the bioprinting and organ technologies, its realization in today’s age and ethical concerns that complicates its prevalence and popularity in the society. The advances are promising and the research areas are numerous because the benefits are enormous for the patients. The technology has the potential to revolutionize the healthcare market and particularly the pharmaceutical sector by solving some key issues after going through a long and expensive process of research and development of such new treatments.","PeriodicalId":157018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116875693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Robot Theology: Old Questions through New Media","authors":"Cindy Friedman","doi":"10.55613/jeet.v31i1.100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v31i1.100","url":null,"abstract":"Joshua K. Smith’s Robot Theology: Old Questions Through New Media (2022) introduces readers to a variety of issues that surround artificial intelligence (AI) and robots, and analyses these issues through the lens of Christian theology. Smith notes that few Christian and religious scholars are taking part in the discourse that surrounds these topics. The book is, therefore, a solid contribution to the interdisciplinary study of AI and robots. However, more than this, the intention behind the book is also an attempt to join the larger debate of how we can create a better future in an ever-changing world, as it relates to the integration of AI and robots into our daily lives. As Smith notes, “Participation in this discussion is not simply about interdisciplinar y study, but about ensuring human and planetary flourishing for our great-grandchildren. The world is in an economic and ethical crisis, and it is our Christian obligation and joy to serve however we can in the days ahead” (pg. 4). Although aimed at a Chri stian audience, human and planetary flourishing is in everyone’s interests. Therefore, the book also ha s wider appeal to those generally interested in ethical issues that arise in relation AI and robots. It is specifically through the lens of a more general philosophical reader, with an interest in robot and AI ethics, that I read Smith’s book, and review his discussions and arguments. Smith discusses an array of relevant ethical and metaphysical issues surrounding AI and robots. Topics discussed include questions of personhood and moral consideration, the robot rights debate, friendship and companionship with robots, and race, race theory and the metaphysics of race as it relates to AI and robots. These are topical themes within the field of robot and AI ethics. Robot Theology , therefore, slots itself well into the already existing literature. In Chapter 1 , before directly","PeriodicalId":157018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129432785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Digital Suffragists: Women, the Web, and the Future of Democracy.” Marie Tessier, MIT Press, 2021.","authors":"T. Baron","doi":"10.55613/jeet.v31i1.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v31i1.94","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on many years of experience in journalism and in women’s organisations, and most crucially on her two decades moderating the thousands of comments posted to the New York Times comment section, Tessier’s Digital Suffragists presents an important and incredibly relevant case study in epistemic injustice. Her personal experience is supported throughout the text by a rigorous assay of empirical research in this growing area of study. The suppression of women’s voices, and their conditioning towards silence, is not a newly discovered phenomenon, and has been a focal point for sociological, philosophical, and psychological research (as well as political activism) for many years. However, Tessier’s book places the digital word under the microscope and provides the reader with a detailed exposé of the many factors contributing to women’s online silence and its political ramifications, making the case for considering this a failure of democracy.","PeriodicalId":157018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116118958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“AI Assistants.” Roberto Pieraccini, 2021, MIT Press.","authors":"M. Cheong","doi":"10.55613/jeet.v32i1.102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v32i1.102","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":157018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126168670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"\"Working with AI: Real Stories of Human-Machine Collaboration.\" Davenport, T. H. & Miller, S. M., 2022, MIT Press","authors":"Shaul A. Duke","doi":"10.55613/jeet.v32i1.108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v32i1.108","url":null,"abstract":"Davenport and Miller’s book “Working with AI: Real stories of human-machine collaboration” (MIT Press, 2022) is focused on showing and analyzing how AI is currently implemented in various organizations across the globe. This by itself makes it an interesting contribution to current scholarship, since so much of what is written about emerging technologies either focuses on technologies that have not yet been commercially deployed, or mixes present and future, making it at times hard to discern where the line between what exists in the present ends and what may come to exist in the future begins. Davenport and Miller’s focus on the present allows for a much more grounded debate about the social implications of AI technologies on humans, since instead of projecting either utopian or dystopian schemes on the future, the book deals with processes that are occurring today, that pose ethical challenges today, and that are having impact on humans today. Another important feature that sets this book apart is the richness of cases that the two authors bring to the table. The book offers no less than twenty-nine case studies, from different economic sectors, with different application types, and from different corners of the world (specifically from North America and Asia). Each case study includes a concise, yet very informative, depiction of an application of an AI technology (or sometimes a combination of a few AI technologies) in a certain organization. The authors skillfully offer sufficient description to make the ways in which the AI is used in each case clear, yet without going into too many details which might render the text tedious. All in all, this richness of case studies culminates in quite an informative text. Thus, if you are interested in how AI is currently deployed in a specific field, you will, most probably, find a relevant case study in this book. Moreover, within the mix of AI applications discussed in the book, you can also find some of the more ethically challenged applications, such as in the fields of healthcare and policing, which may appeal specifically to scholars who focus on risks within AI. Unfortunately, the book’s rigor with regards to depicting the current applications of AI by various organizations in a variety of settings, is not matched by a high level of analysis of each case, or of the general trends that emerge from them. Its problematic research method, its apparent lack of interdisciplinary outlook, and its adoption of the business-world narrative regarding AI, severely handicap it, and its ability to get a good read of the social implications and ethical challenges of AI technologies. Therefore, while I found the depictions of each case quite interesting, I found the debates that followed and the conclusions that the authors asked to draw from each case somewhat limited and flawed. With regards to methods, the initial idea of the two authors seems rather solid: to study the application of these AI technologies fr","PeriodicalId":157018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130577037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Aristotelian Resistance Against Transhumanism","authors":"Emanuele Martinelli","doi":"10.55613/jeet.v32i1.107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v32i1.107","url":null,"abstract":"Posthuman Bliss? The Failed Promise of Transhumanism by Susan B. Levin presents a well-informed and structured critique to transhumanism. Not only transhumanist ethical and sociopo-litical applications are challenged: the theoretical assumptions and implications of transhumanism are made explicit and put into discussion, thereby confronting transhumanism as a worldview of its own, from metaphysics, to epistemology, to philosophy of mind, down to ethics and politics. This worldview is then constantly put to the test of Levin’s own Aristotelian essentialist framework, which sees the human being as a holistic whole and our role in the world as the complex process of attaining human flourishing. First, I will spend a few words to frame the general aim of the book and to delineate the main contents of the seven chapters. After that, I will deal critically with four interesting focal points, where further research may be prompted or the standpoint of the author may be challenged: the attribution of (rational) essentialism to transhumanism, the definition of well-being underlying transhumanist positions, the apparent tension between the sociopolitical im-plications of transhumanism and its cultivation of radical personal autonomy, the critical evaluation of Levin’s American-centered adaptation of her Aristotelian virtue-ethics approach.","PeriodicalId":157018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126980106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-Dystopian Technorealism of Ted Chiang","authors":"James Hughes, Nir Eisikovits","doi":"10.55613/jeet.v32i1.97","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.55613/jeet.v32i1.97","url":null,"abstract":"In this article, we argue that Ted Chiang’s short stories offer a realist philosophy of technology, one that charts a third course between the techno-pessimism and techno-optimism that characterize the history of philosophizing about technology and much of the speculative fiction about it. We begin by surveying the history of utopian and skeptical approaches to technology in philosophy and speculative fiction. We then move to discuss two of Chiang’s recent stories and use them to articulate the author’s techno-realism. Chiang’s view, as it is developed in these stories, has three features: First, technology is not merely an agent of de-skilling, it can also promote self-knowledge and insight. Second, technology is not only an agent of alienation it can also provide succor and psychological relief. Finally, technology does not necessarily remake us into new beings with new capacities and needs. In many cases, it just gives us further avenues to be what we already were - to act on the tendencies and pursue the needs we always had.","PeriodicalId":157018,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Ethics and Emerging Technologies","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124014331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}