Journal of environmental biology最新文献

{"title":"Characterization and spatial mapping of irrigation water quality and their effects on soil properties in Hathin Block of Palwal district, Haryana","authors":"R. Prakash, S. Kumari, M. GAGANDeeP, S. Kumar, MR. Rajpaul, M. Ankush","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/3/si-188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3/si-188","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Characterization and spatial mapping of irrigation water quality of Hathin block, District Palwal, Haryana. Methodology: In order to assess the ground water quality for irrigation suitability and their effect on soil chemical properties, 68 ground water samples were collected, and analyzed for pH, EC, anions (CO32-, HCO3-, Cl-, SO42- and NO3-) and cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and K+). Water quality indices [(Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC)] were also computed. Results: The pH and EC of water samples ranged from 6.69-8.35 and 0.77 -11.99 dSm-1 with mean value of 7.48 and 4.21 dSm-1, respectively. The cations and anions followed the order: Na+> Mg2+> Ca2+> K+, and Cl- > SO42-> HCO3−> CO32−>NO3−. RSC and SAR ranged from Nil - 5.40 me l-1 and 5.64 - 19.98 (mmol l-1)1/2, respectively. According to All India Coordinated Research Project (AICRP) classification, out of total water samples, 17.6 % were found as good, 22.1 % as marginal saline, 4.4 % as saline, 48.5 % as high SAR saline, and 7.4 % as higher alkali. Interpretation: The soluble ions were found higher under higher saline conditions as compared to the locations had good quality irrigation water, which altered soil nutrient status. In order to mitigate the negative impacts of such water, it is advised that brackish or saline groundwater be used to irrigate field crops by diluting it with canal (good quality) water. Key words: Residual sodium carbonate, Soluble ions, Sodium absorption ratio, Water quality indices","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42132868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abundance and distribution of subsurface microfibres and seabed macrolitter in Thoothukudi, Gulf of Mannar, South-east coast of India","authors":"P. Asha, K. Diwakar, H. Sivanesh, P. Kaladharan","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-5078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-5078","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Considering the potential harm caused by plastic pollution to the marine ecosystem, the present study was conducted to elucidate the status of microfiber and macrolitter in the selected areas of Thoothukudi on the South-east coast of India. Methodology: The abundance and distribution of subsurface microfibers in four locations of Tuticorin inshore waters were estimated by filtering subsurface waters using a 250µm mesh epineuston net. The non-biodegradable macrolitter on the seabed at three locations of Thoothukudi was estimated by swept area method. Results: Among the four selected stations, a higher quantity of microfibres was observed in the subsurface waters at 5m depth close to nearshore areas, with the highest mean numerical abundance of 3.13±0.3 nos.m l-1. The annual difference in the subsurface microfibre abundance varied significantly between stations (p<0.05). Plastics were the most dominant litter constituents on the sea beds among three stations. A significant seasonal variation (p<0.05) with maximum mean total macrolitter abundance was noticed on the seabed at Kayalpattinam (45.81± 9.3 kg km-2). The estimated mean macrolitter abundance at all the stations was higher than the reported national average of 10.95±3.05 kg km-2. Interpretation: This study revealed variations in the abundance and distribution of microfibers and macrolitters in the selected areas of Tuticorin. The study emphasises the role of land and marine-based anthropogenic activities in the plastic pollution of this region. Key words: Abundance, Gulf of mannar, Microfibres, Macrolitter, Subsurface waters, Seabed","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44097561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovative soil-crop management systems for climate smart sustainable agriculture","authors":"S. Swami","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/3/editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3/editorial","url":null,"abstract":"Climate change is significantly affecting the natural resources, food security and human health all over the world. It is projected that water availability will increase in some parts of the world, which will have its own effect on water use efficiency and water allocation. Crop production can increase if irrigated areas are expanded or irrigation is intensified, but these may increase the rate of environmental degradation. Since impact of climate change on soil water balance will lead to change in soil evaporation, and plant transpiration, consequently, in future the crop growth period may shorten impacting on water productivity. Crop yields affected by climate change are projected to be different in various areas, in some areas crop yield will increase, and for other areas it will decrease depending on the latitude of the area and irrigation application. Existing modeling results show that an increase in precipitation will increase crop yield, and what is more, crop yield is more sensitive to precipitation than temperature. If water availability is reduced in future, soils of high water holding capacity will reduce the impact of drought while maintaining crop yield. With the rise in temperature and precipitation fluctuations, water availability and crop production are likely to decrease in future. If the irrigated areas are expanded, the total crop production will increase; however, food and environmental quality may degrade. With nearly 690 million people facing hunger, agri-food systems emitting one third of global anthropogenic GHG emissions and a growing public demand for climate action, it is pressing to achieve food security while adapting to - and mitigating - climate change. Sustainable agricultural (SA) practices are the conservation and management of the natural resource base, and the orientation of technological change in a manner so as to ensure the attainment of continued satisfaction of human needs for present and future generations. In simple words, SA covers all agricultural production systems and practices which are economically viable, environmentally sound and socially acceptable, contributing to a better quality of life for agricultural producers, their families and general public. Furthermore, climate smart agriculture (CSA) is an approach for transforming and reorienting agricultural systems to support food security under the new realities of climate change. Three objectives are defined as follows; (1) sustainably increasing agricultural productivity to support equitable increase in income, food security and development; (2) adapting and building resilience to climate change from the farm to national levels; and (3) developing opportunities to reduce GHG emissions from agriculture compared with past trends. Therefore, by integrating SA and CSA become CSSA (Climate Smart Sustainable Agriculture) is strengthening the adoption of environmentally friendly agriculture (eco-farming system) in sustainable ways by implementing the","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41521246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced sporulation by different light and nutritional sources in Bipolaris oryzae causing brown spot disease of rice","authors":"K. Basavaraj, G. S. Jasudasu, V. Prakasam, D. Ladhalakshmi, C. Kannan, D. Krishnaveni, G. Laha, C. Suvarna Rani, M. S. Prasad","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-4036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-4036","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study aimed to investigate the inter-relation of different light and nutritional sources on the sporulation of fungus. Methodology: Two isolates of Bipolaris oryzae collected from IIRR, Hyderabad and Lonavala were used in the present study. These isolates were cultured on routine culture media-potato dextrose agar for five days and irradiated with different regimes of near ultraviolet (NUV), ultraviolet and visible light to assess their ability to induce sporulation in fungus. With standardized light source (exposure of fungus to NUV 12hr and 12 hr of darkness), different stresses such as nutrient stress, cold and heat stresses were assessed for its ability to support the abundant sporulation. Results: The enhanced sporulation in B. oryzae (55.9x104 and 36.2x104 spores ml-1, respectively, in IIRR and Lonavala isolates) was obtained by culturing fungus on rabbit food agar media for five days under darkness and later 12 hr alternate exposure of near ultraviolet light and darkness. Interpretation: The maximum sporulation obtained in the present study used in pathogenesis test can be employed in screening programme for identification of resistant genotype for brown spot disease. Key words: Brown spot, Bipolaris oryzae, Nutrition, Rice, Sporulation","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44611650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation of endophytic bacteria from bryophytes and study of their morphological, biochemical and biofilm formation properties","authors":"S. Pandey, A. Alam","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-5079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-5079","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To isolate an endophytic bacterial community associated with bryophytes, which were collected from various locations in Mount Abu, Rajasthan, and to characterise their morphological, biochemical, and biofilm development properties. Methodology: Different bryophytes were selected from various regions of Mount Abu, Rajasthan. On an R2A agar plate, colonies with various morphologies were isolated. Biofilm development of bacterial isolates was done on a glass surface and visualised through scaning electron microscopy. Biochemical test, such as indole test, catalase test, urease test, MR and VP tests, citrate utilization test, gelatine and nitrate test, etc., were determined as per Berge’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology for characterization of endophytic bacteria. Salkowski's technique was also used for estimating IAA production by endophytic bacteria. Results: The results confirmed that isolates belonged to two phyla groups, Firmicutes and γ-proteobacteria with predomination of Firmicutes. Scanning electron microscopy showed that among all the isolates, rod-shaped bacteria dominated. The metabolic properties of endophytic bacteria showed that most bacterial isolates metabolised glucose, maltose and sucrose, however, only few bacterial endophytes metabolized lactose. Some isolates produced IAA growth hormones, which were analysed through Salkowski's technique. Interpretation: The findings indicate that bryophytes have associated bacterial diversity. The morphological and biochemical characterization of bacteria revealed that they are members of the Firmicutes and γ-proteobacteria phyla. SEM confirmed that bacterial isolates can form biofilm on glass surfaces and produce a distinct amount of IAA in a tryptophan-supplemented medium, essential for the growth and development of bryophytes. Key words: Bryophytes, Biofilm, Endophytic bacteria","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48553211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Environmental-friendly view on steel industry dust and sludge as secondary raw materials-analysis and evaluation of the characteristic properties","authors":"J. Šoltész Matulová, E. Fecková Škrabuľáková, M. Ivanova","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-5059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-5059","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To analyze the characteristic properties of dust and sludge from steel converters and to evaluate the perspectives of their reuse. Methodology: In order to evaluate the properties of samples, standard research designs were followed. Different methods such as titration, atomic absorption spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma, optical emission spectrometry and combustion/fusion analyses were followed. Results: In a series of experiments, the percentage Fe and Fe oxides, calcium and zinc oxides as well as the amount of quartz were determined. A large amount of precious metals and materials in the study samples were recovered by suitable techniques. Instead of polluting the environment, the secondary products of steelmaking process can be reused. Interpretation: The work is important from the environmental point as it brings a complex view on the characteristic properties of steel industry dusts and sludges in the shape of physico-chemical and morphological properties, granulometric composition, and mineralogical analysis. This knowledge might bring better understanding of recycling perspectives of these items not only in the case of their pyrometallurgical processing. Key words: Dust, Recycling, Secondary raw materials, Sludge, Steel industry","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45101987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes associate with chronotype, sleep pattern and depression levels among school students during pandemic COVID-19 lockdown and post lockdown online classes","authors":"L. Jongte, K. K. Tripathi, A. Trivedi","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-5039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-5039","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To determine chronotype, daytime sleepiness, sleep quality, and depression level among school students during lockdown and post-lockdown online classes, and how it differed from their offline classes. Methodology: The study was conducted in three phases. The first phase was conducted during April and July 2019, second phase was conducted between 25th April to 23rd May 2020, and the third phase was conducted during July during August 2021. Hundred school students (46 male and 54 female) of age group 14-20 years participated. Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) was used to measure their chronotype, while daytime sleepiness was assessed by Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). Pittsburgh’s Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the sleep quality. Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) was used to determine the depression level. Results: Results showed an increase in the evening type and a decrease in the morning and neither type persons during lockdown and online classes. In addition, higher depression levels, more daytime sleepiness, and poor sleep quality were observed during lockdown and online classes, irrespective of gender. Altogether, study suggests that lockdown and social isolation during post lockdown had a poor mental effect, increased daytime sleepiness, and poor sleep quality in school students. Interpretation: These findings would help in planing policies on the interventions on sleep, circadian rhythms, and stress management to maintain a healthy sleep-wake cycle and daily routine during social isolation. Key words: Daytime sleepiness, Depression, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire, Pittsburgh’s Sleep Quality Index","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41902452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multiscale analysis and classification of normalized difference vegetation index value method in Kannad Taluka, Aurangabad District, using remote sensing and GIS","authors":"E. M. Garoon, M. Mule","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-5055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-5055","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The main objective of the present study is to quantify and assess the changes in vegetation cover by using NDVI values from the Kannad Taluka of Aurangabad district, Maharashtra, India. The changes were studied during the period 2013 to 2020 to identify the probable causes of change in NDVI. Methodology: The present study utilized Landsat images to evaluate and track the changes in vegetation cover by using the NDVI index values and classified in eight classes during seven years period. Results: Two of the major NDVI classifications of this area were agriculture and urban area which showed a significant decrease in the year 2020 while in the water bodies, dense forest, sparse forest, grass land mixed with shrubs, grass land and barren land were increased. Area covered by agriculture and urban area was found 36.40% and 4.47 % in 2013 and which was noted to reduce by 21.64% and 2.53 % in 2020. The water bodies, dense forest, sparse forest, grass land and shrubs, grass land and barren land were found to be 1.79%, 6.18%, 9.71%, 12.71%, 12.92%, and 15.82 % in the year 2013 and were increased up to 2.17%, 14.28%, 13.52%, 13.49%, 14.54% and 17.83 % in 2020, respectively. Interpretation: Area covered by agriculture has decreased by 14.76% in seven year period while the barren land increased by 2.01% in seven year period in Kannad Taluka. The loss of forest cover might be due to increased human population in the study area. Key words: Agricultural land, GIS, Kannad Taluka, Remote Sensing, Vegetation cover","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41647326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of arsenic induced physiological and lipid peroxidation response in two indica rice cultivars","authors":"D. Jha, N. Yashvardhini","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-5054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-5054","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To investigate the potential of sodium arsenite to induce physiological as well as oxidative stress at its low level exposure in tolerant and sensitive indica rice cultivars. Methodology: Rice seeds were surface sterilized using 0.1% HgCl2 for 15 min, followed by washing with distilled water. Twelve days after germination, the seedlings in one tray was kept aside as control and other trays were exposed to 50, 100, 150 and 200 μM of sodium arsenite. After treatment for 24 and 48hr, leaves were harvested and washed with distilled water to estimate the level of lipid peroxidation as well as physiological stress parameters. Results: The oxidative damage increased with corresponding increase in the sodium arsenite concentration in both the succeptible IR-64 and tolerant Nonabokra cultivars, the effect being more prononced in IR-64 than Nonabokra. The status of lipid peroxidation was assessed through quantification of its secondary product malondialdehyde by TBARS assay (P≤0.05). Significant increase in lipid peroxidation levels were observed in all the arsenic exposed groups of rice plants. Interpretation: The detrimental effect of arsenic was reflected as more chlorophyll loss, decrease in water content and significant reduction in the length of root as well as shoot of rice plants. Besides, significant elevated levels of LPO indicated drastic cellular damage in all the arsenic exposed groups of rice plants. Key words: Chlorophyll loss, Indica rice, Lipid peroxidation, Sodium arsenite, Water content","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49058260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Filtration capabilities of freshwater mussel (Lamellidens marginalis) and apple snail (Pila globosa) and their potential impacts on freshwater integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems","authors":"K. Nath, S. Munilkumar, A. B. Patel, P. Pandey, P. B. Sawant","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-4082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3/mrn-4082","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The study aimed to assess the relative filtration rates of an indigenous freshwater mussel, Lamellidens marginalis and an indigenous freshwater snail, Pila globosa, and their suitability for incorporation into freshwater integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (FIMTA) systems. Methodology: An indoor experimental trial was conducted in a wet laboratory (temperature: 30.5 ± 0.5, light intensity: 2000 lux, light cycle: L: D: 12hr: 12hr). The trial was performed in glass aquaria in triplicate filled with algae rich water to assess their filtration rate. Simultaneously, the impacts of these two molluscs on inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus were evaluated. Results: L. marginalis exhibited filtration rates of 934.7± 0.07 cells min-1 mussel-1 and 13.79 ± 0.04 cells g-1 min-1) against 261.8 ± 10.15 cells min-1 snail-1 and 9.74±0.15 cells g-1 min-1 for P globosa. Similarly, the mussel also exhibited markedly higher turbidity and chlorophyll clearance capacity (p<0.05) in comparison to snail, especially during initial 6-12 hr when initial concentrations of algal population, turbidity and Chl-a were high. Notably, the oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion rates were greater for snail than mussel after 24hr and at the end of the experiment. Interpretation: The results provide quantitative information on the filtration capacity of two indigenous freshwater molluscs that have considerable local food as well as economic value and would pave the way for their utilization as ecological engineers, especially organic extractive in freshwater integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (FIMTA) system. It is concluded from the study that L. marginalis was more efficient in extracting almost four times algal cells than, P. globosa. Key words: Eutrophication, Filtration, Lamellidens marginalis, Pila globosa","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41380744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}