Journal of environmental biology最新文献

{"title":"Hexavalent chromium induced oxidative, histopathological and hematological changes in snakehead fish, Channa punctatus","authors":"P. Kanaujia, A. Ratn, Y. Awasthi, S. P. Trivedi, M. Kumar, Y. K. Sharma","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-5090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-5090","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the effect of hexavalent chromium on biochemical, hematological and histopathological responses and to assess its concentration in fish Channa punctatus. Methodology: Fishes were randomly distributed into Cr6+ treated groups, T1 (2 mg l-1), T2 (4 mg l-1), T3 (6 mg l-1), and one control (0 mg l-1) for 30 days exposure period. Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) was used as source of Cr6+. The liver, kidney and blood were sampled after 10, 20 and 30 days intervals. Results: The significant (p < 0.05) increments in the concentration of hexavalent chromium and in the activities of enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione reductase) as well as lipid peroxidation were recorded in the liver and kidney tissues of fish.However, the significant (p < 0.05) decline of reduced glutathione and total protein were noticed in both the tissues of fish. The red blood corpuscles count, hemoglobin and hematocrit significantly (p <0.05) decreased, while the white blood corpuscles count increased in blood of fish. Remarkably, the histopathological anomalies, pyknosis, hypertrophy and inflammation in liver and cavity reduction in renal tubules and glomerulus degenerative changes in kidney were prominently observed in fish. Conversely, the necrosis and vacuolization were observed in liver and kidney tissues of fish. Interpretation: The findings of the present study can be a useful tool as biomarkers for monitoring environmental pollution in aquatic ecosystem caused by hexavalent chromium. Key words: Biochemical, Biomarkers, Channa punctatus, Hematological, Hexavalent chromium, Histopathological","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46341949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of comparative parasitic efficiency and biology of hymenopteran egg parasitoids, Trichogramma chilonis and T. japonicum on Corcyra cephalonica and Helicoverpa armigera","authors":"S. Roy, B. K. Mishra, K. Roy","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-4085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-4085","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To evaluate the comparative parasitic efficiency and biology of Trichogrammatid wasps on noble laboratory host Corcyra cephalonica as well as on Helicoverpa armigera, the cosmopolitan, polyphagous and precarious insect pest of many cultivated crops. Methodology: The biology of Trichogramma chilonis and T. japonicum, their sex ratio, and parasitic efficiency were studied. Host insects were reared on artificial diet to obtain their eggs for initiating the experiment. Egg-card pieces were prepared with the irradiated eggs of respective host insects. Egg-cards were introduced into the tubes containing freshly emerged adult parasitoids. Parasitized egg-cards (Trichocards) were kept separately in plastic tube to study the biological attributes and percent parasitization of the parasitoids. Egg cards of different host eggs taking eggs of different age groups were prepared to study the effect of age of host eggs on the biological efficiency of the parasitoids. Results: Irrespective of Trichogramma species, the duration (d) of eggs to adult period was more when reared on the eggs of H. armigera than on the eggs of C. cephalonica. Maximum life stage duration of T. chilonis and T. japonicum from egg to adult was 8.2 days and 10.2 days, respectively, when reared on H. armigera eggs. There was maximum parasitization (84.8%) of fresh eggs of C. cephalonica by T. chilonis as compared to the egg parasitization of 73.4% by T. japonicum. Likewise, extreme parasitization of fresh eggs of H. armigera was recorded as 62.4% when parasitized by T. chilonisas against 59.7% parasitization by T. japonicum. Interpretation: According to the study, H. armigera eggs have the finest biological and parasitic features in terms of the highest adult longevity, sex ratio, mean progeny female-1, and mean adult egg-1, making them the best for mass production of the egg parasitoids, T. chilonis. Key words: Corcyra cephalonica, Host eggs, Helicoverpa armigera, Parasitization, Trichogramma","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43160970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pre-harvest occurrence and physico-chemical characterization of Cladosporium cladosporioides on grape in India","authors":"S. Saha, Y. Ranade, S. Kabade, Mangesh Gurav","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-5077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-5077","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: The present study aimed to characterize Cladosporium cladosporioides C1 with respect to its pathogenicity, effect of different environmental factors and extracellular enzyme production. Methodology: A survey was conducted on C. cladosporioides in vineyards in Pune, Nashik and Sangli district of Maharashtra. The growth rate of C. cladosporioides was determined at different levels of temperature, pH and water activity. The pathogenicity of C. cladosporioides on both coloured and white table grape varieties with different total soluble solid (TSS) values was investigated along with its ability to produce different lytic enzymes required for pathogenicity. Results: The survey of the vineyards indicated that every vineyard was infected with C. cladosporioides irrespective of the infection level. The optimum growth of C. cladosporioides was noted at 25°C with pH 5 and 0.99 water activity (aw). Injured berries with high TSS were necessary to cause berry rot. Berries having 25% TSS developed significantly larger rot patches of 4.94±0.07 mm in white grapes as compared to berries having 15 % TSS. In the colored variety the berries having 25% TSS developed rot of 4.54±0.12 mm which was significantly higher as compared to berries having 15 % TSS. The fungi showed production of protease, lipase, amylase and pectinase enzymes. Quantitative analysis revealed that the yield of amylase was 71.67 %, which was significantly higher as compared to other enzymes. Interpretation: The information obtained on the growth of C. cladosporioides from the physico-chemical analysis would help to predict the development of the pathogen in the natural environment as well as formulate a strategy to control its pre-harvest infection. Key words: C. cladosporioides, Enzymes, Grapes, Pathogenicity","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46323481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Faunistic and diagnostics of predaceous spiders in rice ecosystem under Terai region of West Bengal","authors":"S. Moses, S. Pal, N. Chaudhuri, J. Ghosh","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-5073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-5073","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Analyzing the community structure of predatory spider fauna in rice ecosystems to facilitate conservation biological control and sustainable pest management programmes. Methodology: The spiders were collected from rice field with cultivated variety (MTU-7029) during both Kharif and Rabi seasons at different rice growth stages. The spiders collected by various sampling methods such as direct catch in polythene carry bags, ground collection and foliage collection were kept in collection bottles and killed by inserting a strip of cotton dipped in chloroform and transferred separately on a white sheet of paper. Thereafter, using a stereo zoom microscope (ZEISS Stemi 508), the spiders were sorted, separated, counted, identified based on the available keys and literature described by Tikader (1987) and Barrion and Litsinger (1995). The unidentified samples were sent to the Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata for authorized identification. Results: In total, sixteen different species of predatory spiders belonging to six families of order Araneae and representing four functional/foraging guilds were identified in the rice ecosystem of Sub-Himalayan Terai region of West Bengal. These included Lycosa pseudoannulata Boesenberg & Strand and Arctosa tanakai Barrion & Litsinger; Oxyopes lineatipes C.L. Koch, Oxyopes javanus Thorell and Oxyopes salticus Hentz; Bianor sp. and Hasarius adansoni Audouin, while the family Thomisidae was represented by a single species Thomisius sp. All these eight species constituted the non web former group of spiders. The web weaving spiders recorded were Tetragnatha maxillosa Thorell, Tetragnatha mandibulata Walckenaer. Tetragnatha javana Thorell, Leucage decorate Walckenaer, Leucage celesbesiana Walckenaer and Neoscona theisi Walckenaer, Neoscona mukerjei Tikader, Araneus sp. Interpretation: The lynx spiders (Oxyopidae) were found to be the most dominant group by individual numbers, followed by the wolf spiders (Lycosidae), however, considering the species richness, the long jawed spiders (Tetragnathidae) were in large number with five different species. Good agricultural practices along with habitat diversification of landscapes are imperative for enhancing the predation by rice field spiders. Key words: Dominance, Foraging guilds, Predatory spiders, Rice, Species richness, Terai region","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48927086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seasonal variation of Ichthyofaunal diversity and it’s relation with substratum in the River Changa, West Bengal, India","authors":"T. Sarkar, B. Das, M. Das, P. K. Roy","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-5036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-5036","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: A survey was conducted at four sampling sites of the River Changa to study the fish diversity in relation to river substratum. The aim of the study was to prepare a check list of ichthyofaunal diversity and their habitat preference guild in relation to sediment type. Methodology: Ichthyofauna was collected from four selected stations at monthly interval with the help of fishermen using gill net and cast net. For the analysis of the riverine substratum, sediment samples were collected from six square inches area at the sampling sites of the river by grab sampling method. The composition of stones, pebbles, sand and mud were evaluated from the sample. Results: A total of 64 fish species belonging to 6 families and 18 orders were recorded. Among which 33 were cold water fishes, 31 were warm water fishes, 28 were rheophilic and 24 were eurytopic fishes. Site 1 and 2 were dominated by rheophilic and cold water fishes and Site 4 was rich in eurytopic and warm water fishes. Cypriniformes was the most dominant order with 42 fish species. River sediment of Site 1, 2 and 3 were dominated by stones, pebbles and sand, while sediments collected from Site 4 was dominated by sand and mud. Cold water and rheophilic fishes were positively influenced by stones and pebbles. Eurytopic and warm water fishes were positively influenced by sand and mud. Interpretation: Cold water and rheophilic fishes were abundant at upstream of the river and eurytopic and warm water fishes were abundant at downstream of the river. Abundance and distribution of fish species depends on the river substratum. Key words: Ichthyofaunal diversity, Rheophilic, River Changa, River substratum","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47076005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetics of biomass and polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesis using sugar industry waste as carbon substrate by Alcaligenes sp. NCIM 5085","authors":"R. Kanzariya, A. Gautam, S. Parikh, S. Gautam","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-5096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-5096","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: o optimize the operating parameters and further determine the kinetics of biomass and polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis using sugar industry waste as a carbon substrate by Alcaligenes sp. NCIM 5085. Methodology: Molasses, clarified and pretreated with sulphuric acid, was taken in a batch reactor for fermentation to generate biomass and further for polyhydroxyalkanoate synthesis where Alcaligenes sp. NCIM 5085 was used as a culture. A number of parameters were observed during fermentation experiments to optimize the biomass and PHA namely: initial substrate concentration, incubation period, C/N ratio, inoculum concentration and pH. Fermented solution was filtered to account the yield of biomass from the solution at each time interval decided for each experiment and polyhydroxyalkanoate was extracted from the biomass by chloroform and methanol extraction. Growth kinetics of biomass was modeled by Monod and Logistic models whereas Luedeking-Piret model was used for polyhydroxyalkanoate production rates. Results: From the fermentation experiments, it was found that for 40 g l-1 of molasses at neutral pH, 4.48 g l-1 of biomass was synthesized when fermentation was observed for 48 hr. One percent of cell dry weight of biomass was extracted as polyhydroxyalkanoate. Logistic model for growth kinetics and Luedeking-Piret model for polyhydroxyalkanoate production rate were found in agreement with the experiments where regression coefficient was maximum with minimum error. Interpretation: The PHA growth kinetics and PHA production kinetics done in this work can be utilized to design a bioreactor for PHA production at industrial scale. Key words: Alcaligenes sp., Biomass, Cane molasses, Growth kinetics, Polyhydroxyalkanoates","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49330362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The utility of transcriptomics in the conservation of sensitive and economically important species","authors":"B. Patnaik, Yong Seok Lee","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/4/editorial","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/4/editorial","url":null,"abstract":"The connection between the central dogma of biology [DNA --(Transcription)---› RNA –(Translation)--› Protein] and the 'omics' resources obtained from each molecule are now being exploited by conservation managers to protect biodiversity and ecosystems for sustainable development. Biodiversity doesn't necessarily mean the total number of species, it is more complex and includes genetic diversity within species and the diversity of habitats. Land-use changes, direct harvest, various forms of pollution, and climate change are the biggest threats to biodiversity, most of which are hardly documented at the molecular level to guide conservation actions and stop extinctions. Justifying the plasticity of species adaptability could ensure informed decisions on proposing suitable habitats for species translocations if the current distributional range is disturbed. The 'omics' resources (especially generated by high-throughput RNA and DNA sequencing approaches) have intervened on a larger scale recently to understand species physiology, evolutionary biology and ecology. This has supported enriched information on the evolution and evaluation of adaptive phenotypes in natural populations as well as the mechanism of physiological responses to various environmental perturbations (Alvarez et al., 2015; De Wit et al., 2015; Evans, 2015; Connon et al., 2018). Transcriptomics can unravel unparalleled mysteries in the context of conservation of sensitive and economically important species. Being smaller than genomes and tissue-specific, it reduces the amount of data generated and focuses on candidate gene expressions, understanding a species' response to environmental changes. It gives sufficient scope for studying the biology of a non-model species at the molecular level by de novo assembled transcript generation and annotation involving predicted gene function. Apart from the ontology and homology-based functional annotations, the transcriptomes can also be mined for the discovery of genetic markers such as simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) vital for assessments of genetic diversity and exploring species from newer habitats. Ultimately, such resources should be effectively integrated into management decisions and policies to contribute towards conservation. Utilization of transcriptome knowledge in conservation remains rare due to unfamiliarity of the interpretation of complex molecular data for managers. Hence, to overcome such a knowledge divide, the physiologists and the data scientists need to build partnerships with regulatory agencies and resource managers to translate transcriptomic evaluations to well-characterized molecular thresholds that can act as sensible markers to predict a species' adaptive plasticity in invoking compensatory mechanisms leading to recovery or non-recovery. Until and unless such conservative benchmarks are designed, the utility of the transcriptomes into management actions and policies seems d","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45010110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Appraisal of biomedical waste management practice in India and associated human health and environmental risk","authors":"K. Ravindra, A. Sareen, S. Dogra, S. Mor","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-5071","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/4/mrn-5071","url":null,"abstract":"Biomedical waste management is an essential aspect of human and environmental safety. The healthcare industries and the unfortunate pandemic have increased the generation of biomedical waste. If biomedical waste is not managed safely, it poses human health and ecological risks. Hence, the study aims to appraise the scenario of biomedical waste management in India and to identify its effect on human health and the environment. The study used a systematic approach to review all the rules and regulations related to biomedical waste management issued by the Government of India from time to time. Further, the study explored the strengths and weaknesses of the current BMW management rules using the SWOT analysis model. All recent and relevant literature was critically examined using scoping review approaches to better understand the health and environmental risks associated with poor biomedical waste management to propose the best practices and future direction. It was found that needle stick injury is a major hazard to human health during segregation. Poor segregation practices can lead to the mixing of biomedical waste with municipal solid waste. Hence, there is a need for proper training about the current biomedical waste rules with a specific focus on biomedical waste segregation at the time of generation. Each process involved in biomedical waste management can adversely impact the environment and human health if not managed well. The impact and gaps of poor biomedical waste management from generation to disposal have been identified. The study recommends routine awareness programs and capacity building for proper biomedical waste management and to minimize the associated environmental and human health risks. These risks could be minimized further through implementing scientific and systematic approaches in biomedical waste treatment and management, including regulatory compliance.","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43129983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of CRPs in tasar sector: Present status and future strategies","authors":"V. Mittal, J. Pandey, J. Binkadakatti, R. Khandai, S. Alam, K. Sathyanarayana","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/3(si)/jeb-16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3(si)/jeb-16","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Employ of CRPs for utilization in tasar sericulture by needy organizations under various government schemes / developmental projects. Methodology: Community Resource Persons were nurtured under ISDS (Integrated Skill Development Scheme) of CSB and MKSP Tasar projects as a sector specialist cadre who works as specialist of knowing the cutting edge technologies of tasar culture and they will bring the theory of change further to unskilled community to build their skills and creating awareness about the new scientific practices of Tasar Sericulture and building their vision and understanding around communes. CRPs were trained collectively by PRADAN and CSB. Selection of beneficiaries, organizing them into Tasar Vikas Samities (TVSs), signing of agreement with beneficiaries, support for developing infrastructure, etc., during early period of the project, to get maximum project output and keep the tribal's interested in Tasar culture, utilization of the existing Tasar food plants in the forest areas/ raised under other schemes, Skill up-gradation, handholding support to the beneficiaries in creating activity groups were the primary activities achieved by engaging Community Resource Persons (CRP). Disease monitoring, technological support, etc., were monitored by these groups of resource person's. Results: A meticulous and customized evaluation programme of the CRPs was accomplished during 2022-23. A total of 479 CRPs nurtured under the special projects in the states of Jharkhand, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and West Bengal, were accredited jointly by CTRTI Ranchi, Birsa Agricultural University Ranchi, KVKs and TDF-PRADAN Deoghar at field level. CRPs from 05 states covering 18 districts, 46 blocks, and 248 villages consisting 340 males & 139 females participated in evaluation & accreditation of CRPs. It was found that 36.74 percentage of CRP's had expertise in rearing activities followed by grainage and rearing (33.40%) and grainage (11.27%), however; only 8.56 % of the CRP's had their expertise in post cocoon technology. The results of assessment of Community Resource Persons (CRPs) based on different criteria revealed that the CRP's having expertise in both grainage & rearing scored 35.95 which is highest among the CRP's. Whereas lowest score of 30.65 was noticed with the CRP's who had expertise in Grainage. With respect to different criteria for assessment of the CRP's expertise in Tropical Tasar under the criteria of timeliness and sincerity; CRP's scored 7.07 out of 10 score followed by community mobilization (6.83) & on field technology support (6.79). Interpretation: As Tasar sector has attracted attention of many funding agencies in the recent past, keeping in view the need of horizontal expansion and shortage of manpower with the State Sericulture departments and others parallel institutions, CRPs can play a vital role based on their skill sets for further utilization by needy organizations under various government schemes/developmental p","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44314906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temporal variability in foliar protein content and trypsin inhibitory levels in two host trees of tropical Tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta, Drury","authors":"P. Bhardwaj, V. K. Choudhary, M. S. Alam, S. Acharyya, S. Mazumdar-Leighton, C. R. Babu","doi":"10.22438/jeb/44/3(si)/jeb-14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22438/jeb/44/3(si)/jeb-14","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: Variation in total soluble proteins and protease inhibitor levels were investigated to determine nutritional and plant defense status in different leaf types of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.) Wight and Arn., and Schleichera oleosa (Lou.) Oken, two host tree species of the economically important, non-mulberry Tasar silkworm, A. mylitta. Methodology: Quantitative spectrophotometric assays based on diagnostic amidolytic substrates were conducted to assess serine protease inhibitor activities in young, semi-mature and mature leaf types. A microplate quantification assay for total protein estimations was used with leaf types sampled over a year. Efficacy of total trypsin inhibitor and chymotrypsin inhibitor activities detected in T. arjuna (a primary host plant) was further evaluated on gut extracts of fourth instar A. mylitta and Pieris brassicae L. (a Pierid pest of crucifers) to assess the physiological adaptation of larvae to dietary antifeedants. Molecular provenances with rbcL genes were obtained that are available as NCBI accessions #MN460810 for T. arjuna and #MT010554 for S. oleosa. Results: Intra-specific variations were evident in leaf phenology of two tree species. Generally, young leaf type of both tree species had high levels of total protein and trypsin inhibitory activities, while mature leaf type of T. arjuna had low total protein content and trypsin inhibitor levels. Mature leaf type of S. oleosa had low trypsin inhibitor levels during the months of July and August. Midgut proteases of A. mylitta and P. brassicae were significantly more susceptible (p≤0.05) to both trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitors detected in young and semi-mature leaf types of T. arjuna than the mature leaf type. Interpretation: In this study, differential inhibition of digestive proteases in A. mylitta and P. brassicae by protease inhibitors from different leaf types of T. arjuna, suggested adaptation to dietary antifeedants. Such reports on nutritional quality, foliar antifeedants, phenology and host plant utilization are relevant for strategies to domesticate the tropical Tasar silkworm, A. mylitta. Key words: Antheraea mylitta, Protease Inhibitors, Terminalia arjuna, Total protein, Tree phenology","PeriodicalId":15688,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental biology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48294387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}