Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Regional impact of extreme temperatures on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in Thailand: cold wave burden across diverse tropical climate zones","authors":"Phichet Khunthong, Panuwat Vittayapraparat, Sitthichok Puangthongthub","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00858-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00858-7","url":null,"abstract":"Extreme temperature events (ETEs) are established mortality risks, yet evidence from tropical regions, especially on cold waves, remains limited. Most studies focus on urban heat, applying uniform national thresholds, which may overlook risks in climatically diverse regions. Using locally relevant ETEs definitions can better capture region-specific risks. To investigate and compare the impacts of heat waves and cold waves on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality across 6 regions of Thailand, highlighting region-specific ETEs risks and vulnerable subpopulations. Eighteen ETEs (HW1-HW9, CW1-CW9) were defined using station-specific temperature percentiles over 2–4 consecutive days. We conducted a two-stage time-series analysis of daily cardiovascular and respiratory mortality (2014–2022). Distributed lag non-linear models were fitted to data from 67 air monitoring stations, adjusting for air quality index, time trends, meteorological confounders, and COVID-19 lockdown effects. Region-specific relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated over a lag of 0–21 days. A random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool region-specific risks. Vulnerable subgroup analyses were conducted by sex, age, and sub-diseases. Cold waves showed stronger and longer mortality effects than heat waves, with variation across definitions, regions, and subgroups. Cardiovascular mortality rose by 7.6% with cold waves (RR = 1.076; 95% CI: 1.061–1.090, lag 0–3), with a higher risk in females (8.9%) than males (7.0%). Heat waves elevated cardiovascular mortality by 2.4% among adults <65. Regionally, the central region had the highest cold wave-related cardiovascular risk (CW9), while the northeast showed the strongest respiratory mortality with cold waves (CW9). Heat waves in the northeast and north increased cardiovascular (HW9, HW9) and respiratory (HW4, HW2) deaths, respectively. Nation pooled sub-disease analyses showed elevated cold-related risks for cerebrovascular deaths (RR = 1.108; 1.084–1.132) and chronic lower respiratory disease (RR = 1.059; 1.043–1.075). Both heat and cold waves increased mortality in Thailand, with cold waves showing stronger and longer effects. These findings highlight the need for targeted adaptation strategies, including warning systems and insulation, especially in tropical settings. This study added to the limited global evidence on extreme temperature-related mortality in tropical regions, especially cold waves, which emphasized a greater and more prolonged cardiovascular mortality risk than heat waves in Thailand. It was found to contrast with patterns seen in cold countries. Regional risks varied across the country’s diverse tropical climate zones. These findings highlighted the urgent need for public health interventions in tropical settings that address not only heat waves but also the underestimated burden of cold waves.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 5","pages":"983-997"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147505987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On why environmental justice must continue to guide public health research","authors":"Jenna K. Honan","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00865-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00865-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 4","pages":"691-693"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-026-00865-8.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Paternal exposure to hydrocarbon solvents in the workplace and cancer risk in children and adolescents","authors":"Yixin Chen, Johnni Hansen, Chuanjie Deng, Zuo-feng Zhang, Beate R. Ritz, Julia E. Heck","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00852-z","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00852-z","url":null,"abstract":"According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, certain hydrocarbons are known or suspected carcinogens. Our study aimed to estimate cancer risks in children and adolescents associated with paternal exposure to groups of aliphatic/alicyclic, aromatic, and chlorinated hydrocarbons, and the individual chemicals, toluene, methylene chloride, trichloroethylene, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane, from 3 months preconception to birth. For this population-based case-control study of Danish children and adolescents (born 1968–2013) < 20 years of age when diagnosed with cancer 1968–2016, 10,442 cancer cases were matched to 261,050 cancer-free controls (25:1 matching ratio by sex and birth year). Paternal occupational exposure to hydrocarbons was generated by job-exposure matrices to span the time 3 months before conception until the child’s birthdate. We employed unconditional logistic regression to estimate cancer risks in children and adolescents whose fathers were exposed to hydrocarbons, compared to those born to unexposed employed fathers and examined associations by exposure status (any or high/low vs. unexposed). We found consistent associations for several hydrocarbon solvents and glioma, acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and osteosarcoma in children and adolescents. The risk of glioma was highest in children and adolescents whose fathers were highly exposed to chlorinated hydrocarbons (low exposure: adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR): 1.24; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.88, 1.74; high exposure: aOR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.10, 2.57), while AML risk was increased when fathers were highly exposed to aliphatic/alicyclic hydrocarbons (low: aOR: 1.08; 95% CI: 0.68, 1.71; high: aOR: 1.87; 95% CI: 1.25, 2.78). The risk of osteosarcoma increased in children and adolescents with fathers highly exposed to 1,1,1-trichloroethane (low: aOR: 1.27; 95% CI: 0.65, 2.45; high: aOR: 2.14; 95% CI: 1.20, 3.82). Our findings in Denmark suggest that paternal hydrocarbon exposure in the preconception and pregnancy periods may increase the risk of certain cancers in their children and adolescents. This study comprehensively evaluates paternal occupational exposure to solvents in relation to childhood cancer using nationwide registry data. By leveraging high-quality Danish occupational histories and robust exposure assessment methods, we contribute to narrowing the research gap in paternal environmental contributions to early-life carcinogenesis. Our findings provide new insights into preconception paternal risk factors and highlight the need for future prevention strategies.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 4","pages":"807-817"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Generic formulations: availability and applicability for exposure assessment","authors":"Rosemary T. Zaleski, Andreas Ahrens, Richard A. Becker, Kristin Isaacs, Katherine Phillips","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00837-4","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00837-4","url":null,"abstract":"Generic formulations (GFs), representations of the composition of consumer and industrial products based upon function rather than specific substances, can be useful tools for exposure and risk assessors. They provide a way to share the information needed for screening assessments of product safety without disclosing specific product formulations. GFs provide a structure for organizing the product/process type and associated qualitative and quantitative chemical ingredient information. This perspective seeks to explain and highlight how GFs can be useful in exposure and risk evaluation, provides examples of GF information sources, and offers suggestions for further development of GFs. The primary emphasis here is on available information for industrial products, as this space is historically data-poor with respect to publicly available GF information. Publicly accessible GF references were located and mapped to the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) harmonized use categories. Authors’ personal knowledge of sources of GFs played a key role because a great deal of GF-related information is embedded within spreadsheets or documents posted on the European Chemical Agency (ECHA) website or websites of commercial enterprises, and these sources may not be readily identified using typical internet or literature search strategies. Industrial GF information was found for 13 of 20 OECD use categories, but only for 20 of 91 OECD product-subcategory combinations. Limitations in findability and disparity in availability across sources support the value of developing common, consistent practices and platforms across stakeholder communities for sharing GFs and other exposure-relevant information. This paper highlights available data, makes the case for systematic development and public availability of GF data, and explains the benefits of having this information available for various user sectors.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 3","pages":"479-489"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00837-4.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Residential proximity to agricultural pesticide exposures during preconception and pregnancy and associations with Apgar scores in the Az-PEAR study (2006–2020)","authors":"Audrey R. Yang, Kimberly L. Parra, Kimberly C. Paul, Edward J. Bedrick, Beate Ritz, Paloma I. Beamer, Melissa A. Furlong","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00849-8","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00849-8","url":null,"abstract":"Pesticide exposures disrupt biological functions in humans, raising concerns about potential effects on newborn health and development. To analyze associations of preconception and prenatal exposures to carbamate, organophosphate, and pyrethroid pesticide classes and 25 individual active ingredients with newborn Apgar scores to evaluate the relationship between these exposures and neonatal health. We used pesticide use registry and birth certificate data from 2006 to 2020, linked as part of the Arizona Pregnant Women’s Environmental and Reproductive Outcomes Study (Az-PEARS). Exposures were measured as binary variables and defined as living within 500 m of an agricultural pesticide application during preconception (T0, 90 days before conception) and each trimester (T1–T3). Five-minute Apgar scores (low: <8, high: ≥8) were analyzed using log-binomial regression and a meta-analytic approach to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusting for newborn and maternal demographics. Approximately half of the newborns were male, and the majority were born at ≥38 weeks of gestation. Mothers were predominantly 20–35 years old and non-Hispanic white. Exposure to several pesticide active ingredients at any point during preconception and/or pregnancy were associated with increased odds of low Apgar scores (aOR [95% CI]): the carbamates carbaryl (2.07 [1.45, 2.96]) and formetanate hydrochloride (3.50 [1.55, 7.89]); the organophosphates diazinon (1.67 [1.25, 2.22]) and tribufos (1.39 [1.02, 1.90]); and the pyrethroid cypermethrin (1.49 [1.03, 2.15]). Consistent effect estimates were seen across trimesters. Additional positive associations included ethephon, phorate, and beta-cyfluthrin during T0, methomyl during T1, and esfenvalerate and fenpropathrin during T2. Prenatal exposure to certain carbamates, organophosphates, and pyrethroids had increased odds of low Apgar scores. We identified the preconception period as a possible sensitive exposure window for additional ingredients. These findings suggest that interventions aimed at mitigating maternal agricultural pesticide exposures may improve newborn health. Few studies have investigated how ambient preconception and prenatal exposures to pesticide active ingredients affect neonatal health, despite the importance of studying sensitive windows of exposure. Using pesticide use registry and birth certificate data from the state of Arizona, we report that residential proximity to agricultural pesticide exposures of several pesticide active ingredients belonging to the carbamate, organophosphate, and pyrethroid classes during the preconception period and throughout pregnancy is associated with low Apgar scores. This research suggests that maternal pesticide exposures may adversely impact newborn health and emphasizes the importance of mitigating these exposures.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 4","pages":"748-757"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147461447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of on-road mobile monitoring design on ultrafine particle exposure models and cognitive health inferences","authors":"Magali N. Blanco, Annie Doubleday, Adam A. Szpiro, Julian D. Marshall, Paul K. Crane, Lianne Sheppard","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00845-y","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00845-y","url":null,"abstract":"On-road mobile monitoring is increasingly used to assess air pollution, but the implications of monitoring and analytic decisions on exposure prediction and health inferences remain unclear. This study evaluated the influence of on-road monitoring approaches in environmental epidemiology, specifically ultrafine particle (UFP) exposures and late-life cognitive function. We used data from a Seattle-based mobile monitoring campaign to develop a reference roadside UFP exposure model based on repeated measurements at 309 roadside locations and examine associations with cognitive function (Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument—Item Response Theory [CASI-IRT]), in the Adult Changes in Thought cohort (N = 5283). To evaluate alternative designs, we subsampled on-road UFP measurements collected along 600 km of roadways, varying location visit frequencies, spatial balancing, and sampling times. New UFP models, some incorporating temporal and plume adjustments, were developed using universal kriging with partial least squares and used to estimate associations between UFP and CASI-IRT, after adjusting for age, year, sex, education, race, and socioeconomic status. Using the reference exposure model in the primary health model, the mean baseline CASI-IRT score increased by 0.007 (95% CI: –0.013, 0.027) per 1900 pt/cm³ increment in PNC. Associations were similar but relatively attenuated for all on-road sampling designs. Route-based sampling (which accounted for logistical field constraints and spatiotemporal correlation in the data) and very short (4- vs 12-visit) campaigns produced more variable health estimates. Applying temporal and plume adjustments had a minimal impact on the inferential results. In analyses where no association was observed between UFP and cognitive function, the on-road monitoring design produced similar but slightly attenuated point estimates. Secondary analyses with a reduced health model, which indicated a statistically significant but potentially confounded association, suggest that on-road design—particularly monitoring beyond weekday business hours—may have greater implications in other contexts. Mobile monitoring is increasingly used to develop air pollution exposure models, yet the influence of monitoring design on health inferences remains unclear. Using extensive ultrafine particle (UFP) data from a monitoring campaign and health measures from a long-standing cohort study, we assess how on-road campaigns can be designed for epidemiologic research. We evaluate the effects of visit number, spatial balance, time selection, temporal adjustment methods, and plume adjustments on exposure and health models, providing guidance for mobile monitoring design in air pollution health research.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 3","pages":"575-584"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-026-00845-y.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147373757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Narrative review of wildfire smoke interventions: considering the unique vulnerabilities of children and pregnant individuals","authors":"Tessa Wardle, Amal Syed, Leona D. Scanlan, Priyanka Saxena, Rupa Basu, Stephanie Holm, Mark D. Miller","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00847-w","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00847-w","url":null,"abstract":"Exposure to wildfire smoke is becoming more common due to climate change. The effects of wildfire smoke can be more pronounced in high-risk populations, including children and pregnant individuals. This review summarizes literature on interventions that can help minimize wildfire smoke exposure, with a focus on children and pregnant individuals. We reviewed English-language papers published before September 2024 by searching PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases. We limited the review to studies focused on wildfire smoke, but did not limit it to studies focused on children, birth outcomes, or pregnancy. We reviewed 26 studies related to wildfire smoke interventions. Our review of 17 studies on staying indoors and air filtration indicated that staying indoors with added filtration has the potential to offer the best protection from wildfire smoke if certain conditions are met. To protect children and pregnant individuals, air purifiers should be located where they spend most of their time, such as bedrooms, classrooms, doctors’ offices, or workplaces. Outdoor physical activity should be limited during wildfire smoke events, based on four studies on physical exertion. AQI-based activity guidelines can help school districts and healthcare providers make decisions to protect children’s and pregnant people’s health. Based on reviewing eight studies on masking, if people must be outdoors, wearing a well-fitted N95 mask can offer the best protection; protection offered by other mask types can still be better than none. This paper summarizes recent literature on interventions that can help minimize wildfire smoke exposure, with a focus on children and pregnant individuals. In considering public health recommendations for wildfire smoke protection, it is important to provide focused advice for more vulnerable populations while considering the latest relevant research. This is especially important in the face of climate change, with worsening fire seasons that can expose large swaths of the population to hazardous levels of wildfire smoke for days to weeks at a time.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 3","pages":"559-574"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147373763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial analysis of residential location at birth, PFAS in public water, and childhood cancers in Southern California (2000–2019)","authors":"Natalie R. Binczewski, Libby M. Morimoto, Joseph L. Wiemels, David B. Richardson, Scott M. Bartell, Catherine Metayer, Veronica M. Vieira","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00850-1","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00850-1","url":null,"abstract":"Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure via drinking water varies spatially and may be associated with childhood cancer incidence. We examined associations between residence at birth and incidence of childhood cancer in Orange and Los Angeles Counties, California, and if these associations change after adjustment for perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) detection in public water supplies and other maternal characteristics. Cancer cases (n = 6448) diagnosed before age 22 years between 2000 and 2019 and controls (n = 13,044) were categorized by PFOS/PFOA detection in residential public water according to the US Environmental Protection Agency third Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule (UCMR3). Referent models using generalized additive models included a bivariable smoothing for location, child birth year, age at diagnosis or index year, and sex. Spatial models were additionally adjusted for PFOS/PFOA detection and maternal characteristics. We calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the effect of location and PFOS/PFOA detection. We also stratified analyses by US-born and Mexico-born mothers. Locations with significant increased risk of all cancers, leukemias, lymphomas, and other solid tumors were collocated with PFOS/PFOA contaminated water supplies. Referent ORs for location were attenuated after adjusting for PFOS detection and in stratified analyses for children of US-born mothers but not for Mexico-born mothers. PFOS detection was associated with higher odds of neuroblastoma (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.13) and retinoblastoma (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.79), whereas all cancers (OR = 1.07; 95% CI: 0.97, 1.18), brain tumors (OR = 1.15, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.37), and other solid tumors (OR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.98, 1.29) had non-significant associations. PFOA detection was associated with elevated risk of retinoblastoma (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.14, 3.01). PFOS and PFOA were associated with higher childhood cancer incidence; however, their detection in drinking water did not fully explain observed geographic variations in risk. In our population-based study of childhood cancers in Orange and Los Angeles Counties, California, we observed increased risks of all cancers combined and some cancer subtypes (i.e., brain tumors, leukemia, neuroblastoma, and retinoblastoma) among children with birth addresses located in public water systems with PFOS/PFOA contamination. Our results suggest that prenatal PFOS/PFOA exposure may explain some of the cancer risk across the study area, and the effects of PFOS/PFOA adjustment on the spatial patterns of cancer risk were stronger among children of US-born mothers. This work can inform policies to reduce exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and reduce possible health impacts.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 4","pages":"629-639"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13032745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147358612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using wearable devices to measure personal heat exposure in a preconception cohort","authors":"Emma L. Gause, Andrea S. Kuriyama, Kipruto Kirwa, Keith R. Spangler, Perry Hystad, Gregory A. Wellenius, Lauren A. Wise, Amelia K. Wesselink","doi":"10.1038/s41370-026-00846-x","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-026-00846-x","url":null,"abstract":"Heat is a risk factor for several adverse pregnancy outcomes. Most epidemiologic studies use outdoor air temperature as a proxy for personal heat exposure, but outdoor measures may not reflect personally experienced temperature. We conducted a personal heat monitoring sub-study within a preconception cohort to describe personal heat exposure, evaluate the correlation between personal and outdoor temperatures, and investigate factors that explain observed variation in correlations. Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) is a web-based preconception cohort study of pregnancy planners. We used wearable monitors to collect up to 1 month of personal temperature and humidity data every 10 min from 152 participants living in the contiguous U.S. in May–October of 2021 and 2023. We calculated personal daily heat metrics, including temperature and heat index, to measure the intensity, frequency, and duration of heat exposure. We compared individual metrics to residence-based outdoor temperatures and estimated Spearman correlation coefficients across and within participants. Finally, we stratified distributions of within-person correlations by time spent outdoors, home air conditioning (AC) use, neighborhood median income, and climate region. Participants resided in 40 states, and most (94%) had access to AC at home. The median daily personal mean temperature was 22.9 °C (IQR: 21.7–24.0). Four percent of participants’ temperature readings exceeded a local extreme heat threshold (>90th county percentile). The correlation between daily mean personal and outdoor temperatures was low in the full cohort (r = 0.33), as was the median within-participant correlation (r = 0.34; IQR: 0.08–0.57). Time spent outdoors and AC use only modestly explained variability in these correlations. In this U.S.-based pregnancy planning cohort, personal temperatures were generally moderate, although some participants experienced brief exposures to extreme heat. Personal and outdoor temperatures were not highly correlated, and variability in within-participant correlations was not appreciably explained by measured factors. In this US-based preconception cohort, metrics of personal heat exposure were not highly correlated with heat exposure metrics derived from outdoor temperature at the residence. Although some participants experienced brief exposures to extreme heat, the results suggest that most participants achieved adequate climate control much of the time. Variation in the correlation between personal and outdoor temperatures was not appreciably explained by hypothesized factors. Even in a population with resources to mitigate heat exposure, some individuals still had short-duration exposures to extremely high temperatures.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 3","pages":"540-549"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147322625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association between greenspace exposure before, during, and after pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder in offspring","authors":"Bethsaida Cardona, Hayon Michelle Choi, Kristen Lyall, Jaime E. Hart, Peter James, Marc G. Weisskopf","doi":"10.1038/s41370-025-00834-7","DOIUrl":"10.1038/s41370-025-00834-7","url":null,"abstract":"Greenspace exposure in the period surrounding pregnancy may influence autism spectrum disorder (ASD) risk in offspring by reducing risk factors or mitigating effects through various pathways. Current research is limited but suggestive. We explored the association between greenspace exposure during pregnancy and ASD risk, assessing potential periods of susceptibility: 3 months preconception; first, second, and third trimester; and 3 months post-birth. We conducted a nested case-control study within the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII), a US prospective cohort followed up biennially. Cases were children of NHSII participants who were maternally reported to have ASD (n = 245). Controls were randomly selected from the full cohort and frequency matched to cases by birth year (n = 1526). Greenspace exposure was assessed using the satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) measured within 270 m and 1230 m radial buffers of the residential address of participants. Temporally matched, time-linked NDVI was used to calculate greenspace exposure for each potential period of susceptibility. Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models were applied to obtain effect estimates. Greenspace exposure during pregnancy was inversely associated with ASD risk when NDVI was measured within a 270 m radial buffer of the residential address. Specifically, an interquartile range (0.144) increase in NDVI during the first trimester decreased the odds of ASD by 25% (odds ratio=0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.56, 0.99) in a model adjusting for other time periods of exposure. There was no other 3-month exposure period significantly associated with ASD. Adjusting for PM2.5 did not change results. The analysis of NDVI measured within a 1230 m radial buffer showed weaker and inconsistent associations. This study found that greenspace exposure during pregnancy was inversely associated with ASD, with the first trimester being a critical exposure period. Implications for urban and city design provide compelling reasons to increase research in this field. Ours is the first study to report an inverse association between greenspace exposure during pregnancy and autism spectrum disorder risk in offspring that was specific to the first trimester. An interquartile range increase in satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index exposure (0.114) within a 270 m radial buffer of the residential address decreased the odds of ASD by 25% (odds ratio=0.75, 95% confidence interval: 0.56, 0.99). Future research is warranted to confirm these findings in other populations and explore the pathways by which greenspace may mitigate risk. Implications for urban and city design provide compelling reasons to increase research in this field.","PeriodicalId":15684,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology","volume":"36 3","pages":"585-593"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.nature.comhttps://www.nature.com/articles/s41370-025-00834-7.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147319414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}