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Burying the dead on the Red Sea coast: Bioarchaeological research in Lower Aynuna in the 2015–2017 seasons of fieldwork 在红海海岸埋葬死者：2015-2017 年田野调查季在下艾努纳开展的生物考古研究
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.04
Joanna A. Ciesielska
{"title":"Burying the dead on the Red Sea coast: Bioarchaeological research in Lower Aynuna in the 2015–2017 seasons of fieldwork","authors":"Joanna A. Ciesielska","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.04","url":null,"abstract":"The archaeological site of Aynuna, located in northern-western Saudi Arabia, is believed to be the ancient Leuke Kome, a port linked by a caravan route with the Nabatean capital Petra. Architectural remains suggest that it may be identified as an emporion – a trading outpost receiving freight from foreign lands to be transmitted further north. Archaeological excavations conducted by the Saudi-Polish Archaeological Mission have revealed the existence of multiple burials, not only within the cemeteries, but also in the buildings dated from the first to the seven centuries AC(AD?). Preliminary works at the necropoleis have proved rather uninformative due to most of the tombs being ransacked and burials almost completely destroyed. Although Necropoleis 1 and 2 exhibit some internal uniformity when it comes to the architectural outline of the tombs, the two cemeteries show no mutual similarities, which may indicate different dating or cultural affinity. Meanwhile, better preserved human remains from within the buildings can probably be dated to the early Islamic period. Two large stone cairns, containing three burials, were erected in the middle of the courtyard of Khan no. 1. However, most of the burials were interred directly on the walking level in Khans nos. 1, 4, and 5, and covered with stone rubble. While three out of four burials were extended on the back, facing south-east and provided with some kind of stone installation to protect the body, the fourth, belonging to a pregnant woman, was found lying face down, calling into question the intentionality of the burial.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127097735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The pottery from the site of Wakarida Wakarida遗址的陶器
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.19
A. Benoist, Vincent Bernard, Cécile Verdellet
{"title":"The pottery from the site of Wakarida","authors":"A. Benoist, Vincent Bernard, Cécile Verdellet","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Excavations carried out between 2012 and 2014 at Wakarida in north-eastern Tigray has brought to light a huge quantity of pottery distributed in the different levels identified on the site. This contribution presents the different pottery assemblages collected and proposes a periodization of the occupation of Wakarida city in two main periods called Period I and Period II, with period I including two successive phases (IA and IB). Pottery comparisons and 14C dating allow a first dating of both assemblages.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132808851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
To Hegra through al-Qusayr. The al-'Ula-al-Wajh Survey Project 经过古塞尔到海格拉。al-'Ula-al-Wajh调查项目
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.22
Z. Fiema
{"title":"To Hegra through al-Qusayr. The al-'Ula-al-Wajh Survey Project","authors":"Z. Fiema","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"The al-ʿUlā – al-Wajh Survey Project deals with ancient trade routes between al-ʿUlā and Madāʿin ʿāliʿ (ancient Hegra) and the Red Sea in the area of al-Wajh in NW Saudi Arabia. This investigation is related to economics of long-distance maritime and caravan trade and the utilization of the \"Incense Route\" which served to convey frankincense and other commodities from South Arabia to the Mediterranean during the Hellenistic and Roman periods. The Project is also concerned with the localization of Nabataean seaports on the Red Sea coast, such as Leuke Kome and Egra Kome. The results of two fieldwork seasons are presented including a potential caravan route to Hegra along the Wādī al-ʿamʿ. The site of Nabataean al-Qusayr is highlighted here as the finds from there indicate a participation in the long-distance trade between the Mediterranean, Egypt and the Red Sea region.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132098130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Understanding the role of metal within the Late Bronze Age community at Mycenae: challenges and potential approaches 了解金属在迈锡尼青铜时代晚期社会中的作用:挑战和潜在的方法
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.10
S. Aulsebrook
{"title":"Understanding the role of metal within the Late Bronze Age community at Mycenae: challenges and potential approaches","authors":"S. Aulsebrook","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"Metal has been widely argued as playing a decisive role in the development of Mycenae, which became one of the foremost centers on the Late Bronze Age Greek mainland. Yet, little is understood as to how metals were integrated into the lives of the inhabitants. Most scholarship has concentrated on the relationship between the ruling class and metal artifacts, drawing much of the evidence from the Linear B archives and top-down models of trade, society and internal redistribution that are increasingly considered untenable within the study of other aspects of Mycenaean life. This paper presents a new project, which uses a practice-orientated approach based around object biographies to study the use of metal across the entire social spectrum of the Late Bronze Age community at Mycenae (approximately 1700–1050 BC). The benefits of such an approach are discussed through a case study that examines the unexpected absence of gold vessels from the Palatial period archaeological record from the perspective of social practice and demonstrates how the holistic use of evidence from multiple sources can help overcome the difficulties inherent in the study of the use of metal in past societies.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127774736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Franckincense: traditions rooted in the Sudanese DNA 乳香:根植于苏丹DNA的传统
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.12
{"title":"Franckincense: traditions rooted in the Sudanese DNA","authors":"","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"Frankincense is an ancient produce which continues to be a major commercial product in Sudan. Incense remain an important commodity in everyday customs and a source of income. It serves as a living link between the past and the present that is rich in religious, social, cultural and economic history. Resins are utilised for medicinal, cultural, religious and funerary practices in ancient and present times. Yet, Sudan’s considerable contribution to trade in aromatics has largely been understudied. \u0000This study is based on ethnographic research as well as my own and my family’s experiences. The paper examines the use and trade of incense from the ancient past to the present and contemporary usages. The research demonstrates Sudan’s substantial contribution to incense trade through time. The study suggests that there is a need to re-evaluate the role played by this region. This is a pressing issue owing to threats to archaeological sites caused by mega- development and mineral exploration.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121307497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tell el-Retaba (West): season 2019 告诉el-Retaba (West): 2019赛季
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.04
J. Hudec, Veronica Dubcova, Lucia Hulková, Anna Wodzińska
{"title":"Tell el-Retaba (West): season 2019","authors":"J. Hudec, Veronica Dubcova, Lucia Hulková, Anna Wodzińska","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.04","url":null,"abstract":"Area 4 north of the Migdol was the focus of the 2019 season excavations. An apparent well from Phase G3 was discovered with some pottery sherds inside dating from the end of the Middle Kingdom. In the early Eighteenth Dynasty it was turned into a cemetery; seven tombs discovered this season provided the first evidence of suprapositioning of grave structures in this part of the burial ground. The outskirts of the Phase G settlement and cemetery may have been reached in the excavation. Mud-brick structures from Phase F3 were used for domestic and crafting activities. A battery of ovens continued to be excavated. Parts of Phase F2 architecture were excavated beside the Migdol and below the platform of Wall 2. Artifacts and raw materials indicated long-distance contacts. Metal objects (rings, needles) and arrowheads were also discovered. Phase D4 was represented by the remains of a transport route/walkway. Two silos and a fireplace enclosed by a wall dated to phase C.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126224752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decorated burial chamber of Meru (TT 240 in Asasif): some remarks on the layout 梅鲁装饰墓室(at240 in Asasif):对布置的几点评论
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.08
Anastasiia Stupko-Lubczyńska
{"title":"Decorated burial chamber of Meru (TT 240 in Asasif): some remarks on the layout","authors":"Anastasiia Stupko-Lubczyńska","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115569648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Kohl kit 科尔工具包
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.11
J. Philips
{"title":"Kohl kit","authors":"J. Philips","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.11","url":null,"abstract":"Although rather distant from the Western Indian Ocean basin, Southern Levant can be considered fairly included into trading dynamics regulating the movement and use of exotic goods, especially luxury raw materials, frequently representing the final destination for this kind of items.\u0000During the Late Bronze Age, Southern Levantine jewelry enumerates a wide eclectic group of differentiated artifacts, witnessing a remarkable level of artistic talent and technical expertise. The most part of the products is manufactured in gold and silver, using the decorative shares of precious and semiprecious stones originating from eastern Africa and the Indus Valley.\u0000The wealth of jewelry’s arts, and in particular the large use of stones, has given rise to a number of hypothesis that will be briefly discussed in the paper, analyzing raw materials’ origins, finished products’ archaeological contexts, and specialized production of personal ornaments, with particular attention to the actors and the ultimate goal of their production.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124076449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tell el-Farkha: archaeological fieldwork 2018–2019 Tell el-Farkha：2018-2019 年实地考古工作
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.02
M. Chłodnicki, K. Ciałowicz
{"title":"Tell el-Farkha: archaeological fieldwork 2018–2019","authors":"M. Chłodnicki, K. Ciałowicz","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.02","url":null,"abstract":"The Tell el-Farkha site, which has been excavated since 1998, is formed of three tells. All three were excavated in the course of the two seasons, reopening already established trenches. Breweries discovered earlier on the Western Kom were explored, two completely, two in the early stages of exploration. Thick poorly preserved mud-brick walls were unearthed northeast of one of the breweries. Remains of a multi-roomed structure continued to be cleared in the northern trench on the Central Kom. D-shaped red bricks in this area suggest the presence of a brewery in the vicinity. A Naqada IIB and IIC settlement was recognized in the southern trench: storage pits, postholes, and furrows from a big house built of wood. A part of a settlement dated to the Tell el-Farkha Phases 3 and 4 (Naqada IID2–mid IIIB) was explored on the Eastern Kom. Of greatest interest is a structure composed of rectangular rooms around an open space, probably a courtyard. Three graves were discovered including one dated to the Naqada IIIB with the first pottery coffin discovered at Tell el-Farkha.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134304220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Red Sea studies: a historiographical sketch 红海研究:史学概要
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.02
E. Seland
{"title":"Red Sea studies: a historiographical sketch","authors":"E. Seland","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Historiographical sketch of Red Sea studies through 2017","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126370492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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