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A bull’s-head rhyton from the Museum of Tarsus in Cilicia, southern Turkey 土耳其南部基利西亚大数斯博物馆的牛头韵律
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.12
E. Laflı
{"title":"A bull’s-head rhyton from the Museum of Tarsus in Cilicia, southern Turkey","authors":"E. Laflı","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.12","url":null,"abstract":"In this brief paper a terracotta rhyton in the form of a bull’s head is presented which is exhibited in the museum of Tarsus and probably belongs to the first century B.C. The rhyton, a ceremonial vessel form from earlier periods, was mostly used as a votive vessel in the graves of the Hellenistic period. Archaeological context of this vessel in Tarsus, that has been acquired by the museum in 1973, is not known, but its status of preservation as well as the craftsmanship of its ornaments attracts a special attention.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"299 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122812611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Roman-period pottery from a trench by the northern city wall in Beit Ras/Capitolias 在贝特拉斯/卡比托利亚北部城墙旁的战壕里发现的罗马时期的陶器
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.25
J. Młynarczyk
{"title":"Roman-period pottery from a trench by the northern city wall in Beit Ras/Capitolias","authors":"J. Młynarczyk","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.25","url":null,"abstract":"One of the trenches opened by the team of the PCMA during 2015–2016 at the site of Beit Ras (ancient Capitolias) in the governorate of Irbid, northern Jordan, revealed remains of the defensive city wall. Neither the foundation nor the earliest walking level connected with the wall could have been reached; however, the archaeological exploration allowed to identify three upper floors, all posterior to the construction of the city wall. The analysis of the ceramics from under the floors permitted to establish the repertory of the local, regional and some imported wares in the Roman-period Capitolias and, at the same time, provided an insight into the chronology of the defenses of ancient Capitolias.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124099301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Tayma and the sea – marine goods in an Arabian oasis settlement 泰玛和海的海上货物在阿拉伯绿洲定居
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.15
A. Prust
{"title":"Tayma and the sea – marine goods in an Arabian oasis settlement","authors":"A. Prust","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"Marine goods found in the oasis of Taymāʾ (Northwest Arabia), 300 km away from the nearest coast of the Red Sea, illustrate the economic importance and prosperity of the site. Excavations of the Saudi-German collaborative project revealed 631 marine specimens of 5 animal classes: coral, gastropods, bivalves, scaphopods and fish. The finds origin from various contexts (burial ground, public buildings, private houses and agricultural areas) and encompass occupation periods from the 3rd millennium BC to the 7th century AD onwards with an increased incidence of shell artefacts from the 11th to the 9th century AD. Variety and quantity of these goods within specific contexts urge new reflections on utilisation, commerce and transport.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128318126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discovery of a direct sea route to India: open-sea travel and the Bab el-Mandeb barrier 发现通往印度的直达海路:远海旅行和曼德海峡
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.24
Mateusz Lisak
{"title":"Discovery of a direct sea route to India: open-sea travel and the Bab el-Mandeb barrier","authors":"Mateusz Lisak","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of discovery of a sea route to India is one of the most important questions about Indo-Roman trade relations and it has yet to be resolved. Historians tend to focus on who and when made the first open-sea journey, and whether it was a sudden change or a process. Conditions essential for discovery of a new route are not considered (not clear – are not considered here, in this paper?), nor are the circumstances that would have made this journey possible. Another issue (of what?) is the case of the Arabia Eudaimon port. The 1st-century AD Periplus Maris Erythraei states that the port had been ransacked and there was no direct connection between India and Egypt, but that all ships were forced to stop there. Thus the resumption of active trade with India necessitated the lifting of the tentative blockade of Arabia Eudaimon and discovering the trans-oceanic route. The nautical guide, however, does not describe the new repute in the context of the troubles in Bab el-Mandeb, but can we be really sure that these two events were not related? What were the circumstances and conditions that had to be met for it to be possible to discover a new route?","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130614196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Nile Delta during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. Preliminary remarks on the evolution of settlement landscape 早期王朝和古王国时期的尼罗河三角洲。聚落景观演变初探
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/2083-537x.pam29.2.01
Natalia Małecka-Drozd
{"title":"The Nile Delta during the Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom periods. Preliminary remarks on the evolution of settlement landscape","authors":"Natalia Małecka-Drozd","doi":"10.31338/2083-537x.pam29.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/2083-537x.pam29.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"The 3rd millennium BC appears to be a key period of development of the historical settlement landscape in ancient Egypt. After the unification of the country, the process of disappearance of the predynastic socio-political structures and settlement patterns associated with them significantly accelerated. Old chiefdoms, along with their centres and elites, declined and vanished. On the other hand, new settlements emerging in various parts of the country were often strictly related to the central authorities and formation of the new territorial administration. Not negligible were climatic changes, which influenced the shifting of the ecumene. Although these changes were evolutionary in their nature, some important stages may be recognized. According to data obtained during surveys and excavations, there are a number of sites that were considerably impoverished and/or abandoned before and at the beginning of the Old Kingdom. On the other hand, during the Third and Fourth Dynasties some important Egyptian settlements have emerged in the sources and begun their prosperity. Architectural remains as well as written sources indicate the growing interest of the state in the hierarchy of landscape elements and territorial structure of the country.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"283 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131804195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
A group of Early Roman lamps from Chhîm, Lebanon: preliminary research on shapes, fabric and provenance 黎巴嫩chh<e:1> m的一组早期罗马灯:形状、织物和来源的初步研究
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2
Małgorzata Kajzer
{"title":"A group of Early Roman lamps from Chhîm, Lebanon: preliminary research on shapes, fabric and provenance","authors":"Małgorzata Kajzer","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2","url":null,"abstract":"The group of Early Roman oil lamps excavated during several research seasons in Chhîm constitute a significantly fragmented assemblage. Macroscopic analysis of fabrics, combined with typological study complemented by iconographic research where applicable, revealed similarities between studied objects and other lamp finds from the Levant. The characterised fabric shows the continuity of manufacture from the Hellenistic period and the connection with semi-fine ware. The collected data suggest the Phoenician coast as the potential place of manufacture.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133916359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Two houses from the Third Intermediate Period settlement at Tell el-Retaba: a case study of activity-area analysis Tell el-Retaba第三中间时期定居点的两座房屋:活动区分析的案例研究
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.05
Łukasz Jarmużek, A. Ryś
{"title":"Two houses from the Third Intermediate Period settlement at Tell el-Retaba: a case study of activity-area analysis","authors":"Łukasz Jarmużek, A. Ryś","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"In 2019, the Polish–Slovak Archaeological Mission in Tell el-Retaba continued the excavation of a Third Intermediate Period settlement in Area 9. The paper presents two houses, {1095} and {3111}, in detail. Activity-area analysis is employed to determine the main occupations of the inhabitants in successive phases. The analysis is based on the archaeological assemblage recorded from these features, including small finds, pottery, and installations.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124149605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Alexandria, Kom el-Dikka. Fieldwork in the 2019 season 亚历山大，Kom el-Dikka。2019赛季的实地考察
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.20
G. Majcherek
{"title":"Alexandria, Kom el-Dikka. Fieldwork in the 2019 season","authors":"G. Majcherek","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.20","url":null,"abstract":"The report offers an account of archaeological and conservation work carried out at the site. Excavations in the central part of the site (Sector F) were continued for the fourth season in a row. Exploration of remains of early Roman houses led to the discovery of a well preserved multicolored triclinium mosaic floor with a floral and geometric design. A large assemblage of fragments of polychrome marble floor tiles, recorded in the house collapse, showed the scale of importation of decorative stone material from various regions of the Mediterranean. Overlying the early Roman strata was direct evidence of intensive construction work carried out in the vicinity in the form of large-scale kilnworks, supplying lime most probably for the building of the late Roman bath and cistern. Included in the presentation is a brief review of the limited conservation work that was conducted in the complex of late antique auditoria.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124931771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Incense burners at the Oasis of Tayma, northwest Arabia: an olfactory perspective 阿拉伯西北部泰马绿洲的香炉:嗅觉视角
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.14
B. Huber
{"title":"Incense burners at the Oasis of Tayma, northwest Arabia: an olfactory perspective","authors":"B. Huber","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"Dried resins such as frankincense or myrrh have been important commodities in antique societies due to their pleasant scent when burned. Creation of an aromatic fragrant smoke, used for a variety of functions in Antiquity, is attested by textual sources as well as by iconographic sources. Since ephemeral phenomena such as odors or smells can only be studied through their indirect effects, investigating devices used to produce them provides important data. The essen-tial (elements?) of? this investigation are, therefore, the incense burners. Excavations at the oasis of Tayma revealed several vessels and cuboid containers, interpreted as incense burners, with preserved residues. This paper aims at presenting the assemblage of burners found at Tayma and to offer a sensory perspective on the use of aromatics in antiquity to provide new insights into the scented world of an ancient oasis.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123289647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
In search of the camp of the IV Scythian legion near ancient Artaxata: research at Pokr Vedi 2015–2018 在古阿尔塔克塔附近寻找第四斯基泰军团的营地:在Pokr Vedi的研究2015-2018
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2020-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.17
Oskar Kubrak, Paulina Kubrak, Mkrtich H. Zardaryan
{"title":"In search of the camp of the IV Scythian legion near ancient Artaxata: research at Pokr Vedi 2015–2018","authors":"Oskar Kubrak, Paulina Kubrak, Mkrtich H. Zardaryan","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam29.2.17","url":null,"abstract":"During the last years of Emperor Trajan’s reign, the Legio IV Scythica was stationed in the capital of Armenia at that time, Artaxata. It had made its way there within the scope of the Roman campaign against the Parthians. Its presence was immortalised on stamped rooftiles, bricks and a monumental inscription discovered by the southern border of the present-day village of Pokr Vedi. The inscription carved into limestone confirms the building activities of the Roman army. Similar inscriptions were frequently placed on the gates and most important buildings in legionary camps.\u0000Polish and Armenian archaeologists undertook a joint search for the supposed camp of the Fourth Scythian Legion in the vicinity of the present-day village of Pokr Vedi, where the above-mentioned construction inscription had been found. The field surveys conducted within the framework of the Pokr Vedi Project were mainly of a non-invasive character. The following were applied: surface prospection, aerial photography, interviews with the inhabitants, scanning of part of the terrain and geophysical measurements done using two methods: electrical resistivity and magnetic measurements. The accumulated data enabled the selection of sites in which survey trenches were located","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123318845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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