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The rise and fall of the Roman fort in Apsaros: recent numismatic evidence 阿普萨罗斯罗马堡垒的兴衰:最近的货币证据
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.11
P. Jaworski, Radosław Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, Shota Mamuladze
{"title":"The rise and fall of the Roman fort in Apsaros: recent numismatic evidence","authors":"P. Jaworski, Radosław Karasiewicz-Szczypiorski, Shota Mamuladze","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"Archaeological discoveries made since 2014 at the site of the Roman fort in Apsaros/Gonio (Georgia) have shed more light on the earliest as well as later stages of the presence of the Roman army on the Colchis coast and on the history of the Apsaros fort itself. The paper reports on the new findings concerning the chronology of the Roman fort, and an essential part of the conclusions draws upon the results of numismatic research on recent coin finds from the site. Six years of fieldwork by a Polish-Georgian team have uncovered the remains of a possible horreum, built in the last decade of Nero’s reign, underlying a balneum constructed probably during Trajan’s Parthian war and rebuilt under Hadrian into a praetorium; a fine mosaic floor decorated with geometric motifs was found in one of the rooms of this early 2nd-century structure.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125467051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Problems and solutions in dating Nabataean pottery of the post-annexation period 吞并后时期纳巴泰陶器年代测定的问题与解决办法
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.01
T. Erickson-Gini
{"title":"Problems and solutions in dating Nabataean pottery of the post-annexation period","authors":"T. Erickson-Gini","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.01","url":null,"abstract":"In the desert regions of the Southern Levant, the dating of Nabataean sherds and vessels is a critical factor in determining the dates of archaeological strata, architecture, and even entire sites. In recent years, archaeologists working at Petra and related sites have tended to date most Nabataean sherds and vessels to the 1st century CE based on the proposed typo-chronology of the Swiss–Liechtenstein excavations at al-Zantur in Petra, published by Stephan G. Schmid (2000). Accepted typo-chronologies must withstand scrutiny and can override imposed historical frameworks. However, an uncritical reliance on the ez-Zantur chronology has created an artificial gap in the material record of Petra and other Nabataean sites in the post-annexation period, that is to say, the 2nd and 3rd century CE. This paper provides a critique of the Nabataean fine-ware typo-chronology from ez-Zantur, based on finds from other excavations and sites, and proposes a revised chronology in which the production of Nabataean pottery, including painted and unpainted fine wares, unguentaria and lamps, continues unabated throughout the Middle Roman period until sometime in the first half of the 3rd century CE. The revised typo-chronology evinces a robust period of Nabataean culture at Petra and other related sites under Roman rule, like that found in other cities of the Roman East.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134058343","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Roman pottery from the Building C4 pantry in the Qasr al-Bint area of Petra 佩特拉Qasr al-Bint地区C4楼食品储藏室的罗马陶器
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.05
François Renel
{"title":"Roman pottery from the Building C4 pantry in the Qasr al-Bint area of Petra","authors":"François Renel","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.05","url":null,"abstract":"The remains of a Nabataean private complex located west of the Roman-period apsidal building in the Qasr al-Bint area of Petra, excavated by the French archaeological team between 2005 and 2008, turned out to be reused by squatters during the Roman period. This occupation phase, one of the latest in this complex, was of a domestic nature, characterized by the installation of ovens (tawabeen) and other fireplaces, as well as the installation of a channel in the courtyard. The large assemblage of well preserved, often complete pottery vessels from the corresponding levels was dated by coins and Nabataean pottery, supported by radiocarbon datings, to the second half of the 2nd and the early 3rd century CE. Consequently, the group offers the opportunity to study a homogeneous corpus of ceramic material from a period that is not at all well documented in Petra. The repertoire includes all kinds of vessels, especially cooking pots, small storage jars and drinking vessels. In addition, a set of multi-nozzled lamps was associated with this group.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130275899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Local amphorae from the Tyrian cemetery of al-Bass: typology, chronology, function and Mediterranean connections 来自al-Bass的Tyrian墓地的当地双耳陶罐:类型，年代，功能和地中海的联系
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.25
Francisco J. Núñez Calvo
{"title":"Local amphorae from the Tyrian cemetery of al-Bass: typology, chronology, function and Mediterranean connections","authors":"Francisco J. Núñez Calvo","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.25","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is a detailed analysis of the local amphorae employed as cinerary urns in tombs of the Iron Age cemetery of al-Bass, in Tyre. This form appeared around the second quarter of the 8th century BC, in an advanced stage of the Late Iron Age, and represents an apparent novelty in the ceramic array of the central Levant. From a typological perspective, this form is connected to the local plain storage-jars; from a technical point of view follow the morphological and decorative traditions of the local workshops; and they seem to be functionally related to Cypriot imports. However, the local amphorae cannot be considered imitations of the latter and neither seem to have substituted them. The apparent reason of the existence of those amphorae consists of changes in the consumption of wine, and their appearance does not seem to be an isolated phenomenon. Other parts of the Mediterranean under direct Levantine influence experienced similar typological phenomena. This circumstance led to the conclusion that some sort of trend in the consumption of wine existed during the 8th century BC, which apparently did not last much longer in the Levant, but continued overseas.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127082952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Introduction: "Roman Pottery in the Near East: Where, Whence, Whither?" Second Round Table, Amman, 2014. In memoriam S. Thomas Parker (1950–2021) 导言:“近东的罗马陶器:在哪里，从哪里来，到哪里去?”第二轮圆桌会议，安曼，2014年。纪念托马斯·帕克(1950-2021)
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.31
B. Fischer-Genz, Y. Gerber, Hanna Hamel
{"title":"Introduction: \"Roman Pottery in the Near East: Where, Whence, Whither?\" Second Round Table, Amman, 2014. In memoriam S. Thomas Parker (1950–2021)","authors":"B. Fischer-Genz, Y. Gerber, Hanna Hamel","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.31","url":null,"abstract":"The initial idea for this kind of workshop on “Roman Pottery in the Near East” went back to the conference on Archaeology and Archaeometry in Parma and Pisa in 2008. We became very enthusiastic about the idea to initialise our own series of pottery workshops in which we would strive to connect scholars and researchers currently working on pottery from the Roman period in the Near East, mainly Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, and Israel, hoping to establish an academic network that would provide a platform for discussions for researchers of all levels that might transcend political differences. The 2014 round table in Amman focused on the large number of ceramic research projects from Transjordan and the Nabataean/Roman pottery studies from Middle and Southern Transjordan. The hottest discussion concerns established typo-chronology of Nabataean fine ware in the Petra region, an issue which is crucial for future pottery research in the Nabataean territories. The chronology is questioned by Tali-Erickson, to which Wenner provides a response. The presentation of eight papers from the round-table is dedicated to S. Thomas Parker, who supported the vision wholeheartedly and was an active participant and discussant in the workshops.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"138 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120942595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Geological appraisal of the Theban cliff overhanging the Hatshepsut temple at Deir el-Bahari 代尔巴哈里哈特谢普苏特神庙上方底比斯悬崖的地质鉴定
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.1.02
P. Chudzik, Ahmed-Reda M. El Younsy, W. Galal, A. Salman
{"title":"Geological appraisal of the Theban cliff overhanging the Hatshepsut temple at Deir el-Bahari","authors":"P. Chudzik, Ahmed-Reda M. El Younsy, W. Galal, A. Salman","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.1.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.1.02","url":null,"abstract":"Throughout its existence the Temple of Hatshepsut, as well as two other royal sanctuaries, the temples of Mentuhotep II and Thutmose III, located in the great bay of Deir el-Bahari, have been under constant threat of falling rocks from the overhanging Theban cliff. The PCMA UW archaeological expedition at Deir el-Bahari, which has progressed with the study and conservation of the Hatshepsut temple since the 1960s, has implemented a project designed to address the issue of the protection of the temple from damages that could be caused by environmental processes (rainwater and seismic activity) affecting the Theban cliff behind the monument. In a geological survey of the fractured limestone cliff, the evidence from 31 observation stations was appraised and samples of Esna Shale and Theban Limestone were examined in order to ascertain the degree of the cliff’s instability and fragility. The results were used to prepare a 2D model presenting the environmental processes threatening the ancient substance.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133240505","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Archaeological investigations in the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari in the 2020/2021 season 2020/2021赛季在Deir el-Bahari的哈特谢普苏特神庙进行考古调查
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.1.03
P. Chudzik
{"title":"Archaeological investigations in the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari in the 2020/2021 season","authors":"P. Chudzik","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the results of archaeological exploration in parts of the Hatshesut Temple, carried out by the Polish–Egyptian team in the 2020/2021 season. Excavations focused on the Southern Room of Amun on the Third Terrace of the Temple, the platform of the Hathor Shrine on the Middle Terrace level, and the so-called Hathor Path located between the southern retaining wall of the Middle Terrace and the northern stone wall of the main enclosure of Mentuhotep II’s mortuary complex. Of particular interest are the finds from an early Middle Kingdom rock-cut tomb in the western part of the Hathor Path, where remains of the original burial assemblage, a large deposit of votive offerings to the goddess Hathor and fragments of a yellow coffin were discovered.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131712650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Debre Gergis archaeological site: Polish research in the Tigray region of Ethiopia (preliminary conclusions) Debre Gergis考古遗址:波兰在埃塞俄比亚提格雷地区的研究(初步结论)
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.22
Michela Gaudiello, Maksym Mackiewicz
{"title":"The Debre Gergis archaeological site: Polish research in the Tigray region of Ethiopia (preliminary conclusions)","authors":"Michela Gaudiello, Maksym Mackiewicz","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.22","url":null,"abstract":"A new Polish project, the first to be carried out in Ethiopia by the PCMA University of Warsaw, focused on the excavation of the ruins of a church tentatively dated to the Late Aksumite period (6th–8th centuries AD). The site, which is located in the northern region of Tigray in Ethiopia, was chosen for multiple reasons, not the least because of its location on ancient trade routes and because the surviving ruins offered the advantage of immediate visual impact. The work was unexpectedly interrupted by the global Covid-19 pandemic and recent political turbulences in the Tigray region. The paper discusses the early findings, providing, among others, a full description of the PolART excavations in the southeastern part of the church and the discovery of a rock shelter with ancient inscriptions and painted pictograms.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123617463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Testing the Petra Garden and Pool Complex chronology through the ceramics 通过陶瓷测试佩特拉花园和游泳池复杂的年代
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.10
Pamela K. Koulianos
{"title":"Testing the Petra Garden and Pool Complex chronology through the ceramics","authors":"Pamela K. Koulianos","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The Petra Garden and Pool Complex in the ancient city center has been dated based on stratigraphy and an array of diagnostic finds. The present study of the coarse wares from selected contexts at the site (augmented by amphorae and fine wares) aims to show corroborative evidence from the ceramic assemblage to support the dating of three major phases in the history of the complex: the construction of the monumental Nabataean garden and pool complex in the end of the 1st century BCE, the Roman renovations in the early 2nd century CE and, last but not least, the second destruction that ended the occupation of the complex, most probably at the end of the 6th century CE. The overall purpose of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge of Petra coarse-ware pottery from the Nabataean and Roman periods.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127264649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Ketema Ra’isi site near the Tekkeze river in Tigray (Ethiopia): A possible Aksumite site in the context of Ezana’s war against the Nobā 提格雷(埃塞俄比亚)Tekkeze河附近的Ketema Ra 'isi遗址:在Ezana与Nobā的战争背景下，可能是Aksumite遗址
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean Pub Date : 2021-12-31 DOI: 10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.26
Michela Gaudiello
{"title":"The Ketema Ra’isi site near the Tekkeze river in Tigray (Ethiopia): A possible Aksumite site in the context of Ezana’s war against the Nobā","authors":"Michela Gaudiello","doi":"10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31338/uw.2083-537x.pam30.2.26","url":null,"abstract":"The ruins of the Ketema Ra’isi site in the northern Tigray region of Ethiopia could prove to be the southernmost site on the westernmost border of the Arksumite empire, at least during the times of king Ezana and his immediate successors. The mound of ruins contains a residential complex enclosed inside a stone wall featuring typical Aksumite architectural building techniques. Three Aksumite coins collected from the site yield a terminus ante quem date for the settlement in the Middle Aksumite period (mid-4th century AD). Therefore, the potential of the site for future archaeological exploration by the PolART expedition is substantial.","PeriodicalId":156819,"journal":{"name":"Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean","volume":"163 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132190305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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