Journal of environmental radioactivity最新文献

{"title":"RPAS plume measurements for reconstructing radionuclide source terms","authors":"James P. Carr ,&nbsp;Luke Lebel ,&nbsp;Marta Kocemba ,&nbsp;Guy Leblond ,&nbsp;Johan Camps ,&nbsp;Johan Paridaens ,&nbsp;Geert Olyslaegers","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107811","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107811","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In radiological accident scenarios, one of the most important early concerns is identifying the quantity of radiological material that has been released to the environment. This work presents a rapid method of characterizing a radioactive plume through the use of a remotely piloted aircraft system (RPAS) with onboard radiation detection and geolocation sensor packages. The RPAS was flown through a research reactor Ar-41 plume, and a gamma spectrometer on board the RPAS collected radiation counts and energies in various locations within the plume, while a Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) module and altimeter allowed radiation data to be linked to specific positions within the plume. By combining analytical Gaussian plume dispersion models with data collected from the plume, the initial release rate was quantified. In total, thirty passes through the plume were performed, and the resulting Ar-41 release rates were found to be in good agreement with previously calculated estimates. This work demonstrates that RPAS-mounted radiation and geolocation sensor packages combined with mathematical plume reconstruction techniques are capable of providing real-time estimates of radioactive plume release rates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 107811"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145102862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The appropriate environmental sample to educate novice students in environmental radioactivity measurements using gamma ray spectroscopy","authors":"Christopher Martin ,&nbsp;Kayla Cockerline ,&nbsp;Sheldon Landsberger","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107815","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107815","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Proper implementation of gamma ray spectroscopy for environmental radioactivity measurements can often be challenging when trying to achieve high accuracy and high precision results. Phenomena such as gamma-ray self-attenuation can potentially add to the overall uncertainty in measurements, especially for samples that are large (100–500 g) and contain high-Z materials in significant quantities. As well, most environmental measurements need extended periods of time for measurements typically between 12 and 36 h per sample, depending on sample size and radioactivity concentration levels. For more than one decade we have been involved in radioactivity measurements in the oil and gas exploration sector, primarily in analyzing scale, soil and sludges. Our experience has revealed that scale is an environmental sample that can easily be analyzed for ²²⁶Ra, ²²⁸Ra and ²¹⁰Pb in a relatively short period of time for only 20 g of material due to the unusually high concentrations of these radionuclides. All the daughter products that decay with gamma rays can also be readily measured. Because of the higher Z elements such as iron, barium and strontium in elevated concentrations, gamma ray self-attenuation is of paramount importance to elucidate, particularly for the 46.4 keV gamma ray belonging to ²¹⁰Pb. And finally, there is a clear major disequilibrium in the ²³⁸U and ²³²Th chains. All these radiological and chemical characteristics for oil scale make this an ideal candidate to quickly teach novice researchers about the challenges in natural occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in gamma ray spectroscopy measurements. In addition, the number of researchers involved in environmental radioactivity measurements is decreasing and the need for an education template such as the one presented in this work is a very good tool for novice researchers in NORM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 107815"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145085918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of radioactivity levels and health hazards in welding electrodes using spectrometric and statistical methods","authors":"Emmanuel G. Ndoma ,&nbsp;Nyakno J. George ,&nbsp;Aniekan M. Ekanem ,&nbsp;Muyiwa M. Orosun ,&nbsp;Taufiq Ahamad ,&nbsp;Kolawole E. Adesina ,&nbsp;Sarabjot Kaur ,&nbsp;Suleiman Bello ,&nbsp;Anjolaoluwa Akinyemi ,&nbsp;Emmanuel Agbo ,&nbsp;Aniesua Essiett","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107809","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107809","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Welding is a fundamental aspect of industrial development, yet it involves notable radiological hazards due to the presence of primordial radionuclides in electrodes. This study measured the radioactivity concentrations of ^<em>40</em>K, ^<em>238</em>U, and ^<em>232</em>Th in six types of commercially available electrodes using gamma-ray spectrometry with a NaI(Tl) detector. The analysis was complemented with a suite of statistical methods, including the Shapiro-Wilk test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), to interpret patterns in radionuclide distribution, inter-variable relationships, and the multivariate structure of the dataset. The results confirmed the presence of radioactive isotopes in all electrode types, indicating potential health risks to welders, metalworkers, and the public through inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion. Activity concentrations ranged from 192.48 to 731.81 <em>Bq kg</em>^{<em>−1</em>} for ^<em>40</em>K, 9.17–45.76 <em>Bq kg</em>^{<em>−1</em>}for ^<em>238</em>U, and 17.81–34.37 <em>Bq kg</em>^{<em>−1</em>} for ^<em>232</em>Th. While electrodes coated with rutile and titanium (stainless and cast-gauge 12 types) showed levels below international averages in terms of absorbed dose, effective dose, and annual gonadal dose, thoriated electrodes exceeded these global standards. Notably, all electrode types surpassed the global threshold for excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR). PCA revealed that over 98 % of the data variability was captured by the first component, confirming strong co-variation among radioactivity levels and associated risk indices. To reduce health risks, it is recommended that electrode packaging include radiological warnings and that welding be performed in well-ventilated or open-air environments. Optimising radionuclide levels across electrode types and implementing protective measures are essential for occupational safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 107809"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145080915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapid high precision analysis of uranium content in Texas ores using gamma-ray spectrometry","authors":"C. Martin ,&nbsp;E. Almaz ,&nbsp;M. Sabry ,&nbsp;S. Landsberger","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107812","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107812","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nuclear fuel cycle relies on the accurate and reliable quantification of uranium content in ores. Here, we offer a gamma-ray spectrometry method employing high purity germanium (HPGe) detectors to determine the total uranium content of a small ore sample from south Texas after accounting for gamma-ray self-attenuation. We show the quantification of uranium content using the 1001.0 keV gamma-ray produced by the daughter product ^234mPa from the ²³⁸U series. We utilized a¹⁵²Eu point-source to determine an attenuation correction factor for the ore sample at varying gamma-ray energies to significantly improve the accuracy of the method. Through the comparator method, we show a quick non-destructive method for quantifying the total uranium content in a Texas ore of 6.17 ± 0.09 wt% with a 1.52 % relative uncertainty within a 2 h count time utilizing 26.5 g of material.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 107812"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Speciation and leachability of radiocesium in the soil, sediment, and aquatic organisms surrounding Lake Onuma at Mt. Akagi","authors":"Masanobu Mori ,&nbsp;Ai Tokue ,&nbsp;Tomoyo Hatano ,&nbsp;Kin-ichi Tsunoda ,&nbsp;Kyuma Suzuki ,&nbsp;Shoichi Aizawa ,&nbsp;Shun Watanabe ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Kuge ,&nbsp;Hajime Arai ,&nbsp;Seiichi Nohara ,&nbsp;Yoshitaka Minai ,&nbsp;Takafumi Uchiyama ,&nbsp;Yukiko Okada ,&nbsp;Seiya Nagao","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107808","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107808","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 2011 accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant resulted in the widespread release of radioactive cesium (radiocesium, including ¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs) across Fukushima Prefecture and its neighboring regions. This study investigates temporal changes in radiocesium, focusing mainly on ¹³⁷Cs, concentrations and their speciation using a sequential extraction procedure in Lake Onuma, an isolated mountain lake, from 2011 to 2019. The ¹³⁷Cs concentrations in various environmental samples decreased markedly until 2014 and then reduced gradually after 2015. This trend may be attributable to the relatively long water residence time (∼2 years) in the lake, with limited upstream inflow and downstream discharge. The sequential extraction procedure revealed that insoluble forms of ¹³⁷Cs in lake sediment and the surrounding soils decreased more slowly than soluble forms, which predominated in phytoplankton (PP), zooplankton (ZP), and wakasagi smelt (<em>Hypomesus nipponensis</em>). Throughout the nine-year study period, ¹³⁷Cs concentrations in plankton exhibited the following order: PP (1850–390 Bq kg⁻¹) &gt; ZP (395–69 Bq kg⁻¹), contrasting expectations regarding bioaccumulation patterns within the food chain, suggesting that the insoluble ¹³⁷Cs species in PP may originate from mineral-rich suspended solids near the lake sediment surface. These findings highlight the importance of continued monitoring and contribute to a deeper understanding of the long-term ecological impacts associated with the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 107808"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radio-sulphur (35S) detection by LSC – How to deal with interfering natural radionuclides","authors":"Michael Schubert ,&nbsp;Juergen Kopitz","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107813","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107813","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Naturally occurring radio-sulphur (³⁵S) is suitable as an aqueous environmental tracer for the dating of groundwater and surface waters with residence times of less than one year. As a β-decaying radionuclide, ³⁵S is detected using liquid scintillation counting (LSC). When extracting ³⁵S as sulphate from large-volume water samples, there is the possibility of unintentional co-extraction of other naturally occurring radionuclides, which interfere with the measurement of ³⁵S by LSC. The most important of these radionuclides are (i) ²²⁶Ra, (ii) the short-lived progeny of ²²²Rn, (iii) ²¹⁰Pb and its progeny and (iv) ³H. In addition, ¹⁴C, which might be present in scintillation cocktails or LSC plastic vials, and ⁴⁰K, which is likely to be present in LSC glass vials, can have a significant impact on the LSC detection result. There are a few publications that address sample preparation for ³⁵S detection with LSC. However, the published datasets do not contain sufficiently detailed information to pursue the issue of potential interferences of the said naturally occurring radionuclides with the ³⁵S signal. In our study, we measured standardized samples containing the said radionuclides by LSC, evaluated location, shape and overlap of the associated energy peaks, and assessed the possible influences of the individual nuclides on the ³⁵S detection results. The findings of our study show that when measuring ³⁵S obtained from a natural water sample, counts detected in the ³⁵S energy window cannot be unconditionally interpreted as actual ³⁵S counts. Interfering nuclides (especially ³H, ¹⁴C, ⁴⁰K, and ²¹⁰Pb) can lead to counts in the ³⁵S energy window and thus to an overestimation of the ³⁵S activity concentration of the water sample (and consequently to an underestimation of the water age). We therefore recommend generally a complete evaluation of the LSC spectrum in order (i) to be able to infer the potential presence of other radionuclides in the measured sample, and (ii) to evaluate the DPM counted in the ³⁵S energy window accordingly, as these may contain counts of the aforementioned interfering radionuclides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 107813"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fukushima's tritiated water discharge: Health and environmental implications derived from historical nuclear incidents","authors":"Yesbol Sartayev ,&nbsp;Naomi Hayashida","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107814","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107814","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Fukushima disaster is the first major nuclear accident to occur along a coastline. It sparked concern about the global dispersion of radionuclides via oceanic currents. The decision to discharge Fukushima tritiated water into the Pacific Ocean further intensified concern and criticism, despite endorsement by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The discharged water contains tritium concentrations well below international drinking water standards. The IAEA has verified the safety of the water and continues to oversee the discharge process to minimize potential harm to human health and marine ecosystems. Tritium, by contrast, is a naturally occurring radionuclide, and its controlled release from nuclear facilities is a globally accepted and long-standing practice. Alongside natural and controlled emissions, a massive amount of tritium was released into the environment during nuclear weapons testing in the 20th century—hundreds of times greater than the current global residual inventory. As a result, both human populations and ecosystems have historically been exposed to substantial levels of tritium without definitive evidence of adverse effects. This study reviews the risks of tritiated water in the context of major nuclear events and emphasizes its significantly lower internal dose contribution than naturally occurring radionuclides such as carbon-14 and potassium-40. It compares tritium's physical characteristics, biological behavior, and effects on human health with those of key radionuclides. Drawing on scientific evidence and empirical data from widespread nuclear testings, the Chernobyl and Fukushima disasters, and regions with naturally high background radiation, this study finds no discernible risk at the current FDNPP discharge rate and argues that the controlled release of tritiated water poses negligible—possibly non-existent—risk to human health and the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 107814"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of background sources and topographic resolution in the Weather Research and Forecasting Model on xenon plume characteristics at monitoring stations","authors":"Alex Jonko ,&nbsp;Keeley R. Costigan ,&nbsp;Sara Brambilla ,&nbsp;Michael J. Brown ,&nbsp;Chibuike Onwukwe ,&nbsp;Paul W. Eslinger","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>For many atmospheric monitoring applications, networks of measurement sites—such as the radionuclide stations of the International Monitoring System—can be sparse. With measurement locations potentially hundreds to thousands of kilometers from a release it is important to quantify the effects of physical processes on transport and dispersion of plumes between source and measurement locations. This study addresses the effects of background sources and topography resolution near the release location of radionuclides. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model with inline chemistry to investigate (1) how an additional, time-varying source of ¹³³Xe, such as an operational medical isotope production facility, contributes to activity concentration measurements at monitoring sites, and (2) how complex topography influences on atmospheric conditions near emission sources impact plume concentrations at varying distances from the source. Two ¹³³Xe emission sources, including (1) a high flux rate of short duration representing an explosive event, and (2) a variable and continuous background source, are simulated. The continuous background source contributes significantly to total ¹³³Xe concentrations at several monitoring stations. Further, a WRF simulation at 9 km horizontal resolution is compared with a nested grid simulation, where the innermost domain has a resolution of 1 km. Increased topographic resolution leads to an improved representation of plume responses to local winds, with topographic influences greatest at locations closest to the sources. Differences between the two domain resolutions decrease at greater distances from the sources, as plumes have time to spread and mix and are influenced by synoptic scale circulation patterns that are represented similarly in both simulations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 107765"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145045294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical study of radon adsorption on doped graphene for environmental safety applications","authors":"Jaouad Ouhrir ,&nbsp;Yahya Mekaoui ,&nbsp;Mohammed El idrissi ,&nbsp;Abderrahman Abbassi ,&nbsp;Souad Taj ,&nbsp;Bouzid Manaut","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107785","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107785","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radon (Rn) detection is vital for environmental safety, yet the development of highly effective sensing materials remains a challenge. This paper employs DFT to study Rn adsorption on doped graphene structures: Be-Graphene, P-Graphene, Si-Graphene, and S-Graphene. The findings indicate that Be-Graphene interacts the strongest and transfers the most charges, making this material a prime candidate for radon adsorption, especially in the presence of an electric field. In doing so, Be-Graphene is set to introduce promising advancements in radon sensing and remediation. This work supplies the theoretical basis for tuning graphene-based materials for gas sensing applications toward the next generation of environmental monitoring technologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 107785"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145026563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A study on prediction of radioactive fallout based on the WRF-NAQPMS model","authors":"Feifei Li ,&nbsp;Qiang Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Liu ,&nbsp;Zhaoru He ,&nbsp;Baozhu Ge ,&nbsp;Ying Zhang ,&nbsp;Nuohang Liu ,&nbsp;Yangchao Li ,&nbsp;Ming Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107800","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2025.107800","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The WRF-NAQPMS (Weather Research and Forecasting- Nested Air Quality Prediction Modeling System) model are used to simulate radioactive fallout of nuclear explosions from the stabilized nuclear cloud. The distribution of particle radioactivity and the radioactive distribution are described by modeling the stabilized nuclear cloud. In addition, a three-dimensional radiation calculation module and a radionuclide calculation module are constructed based on the vertical diffusion theory of radioactive materials and the radionuclide fractionation model. The model is evaluated against the simulation results produced by HPAC (Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability) system as well as measured data from three previous nuclear tests (Smoky, Zucchini, and Ess) conducted at the Nevada Test Site. The study demonstrates that the simulated ground exposure rate at 1 h after explosion is close to the measured diffusion trend in both pattern and amplitude. The overall simulation performance of the model is superior to that of HPAC as determined by the MOE (Measure of Effectiveness) and NAD (Normalized Absolute Difference) indices quantitatively. The simulated vertical distribution of exposure rate conforms to the theoretical expectations. The feasibility of the fractionation module is validated by the calculated relative external exposure rate as the function of time and the volatile/refractory ratio in fallout at various arrival time. The significance of this study is providing a new model for simulating and predicting radioactive fallout from nuclear explosions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"290 ","pages":"Article 107800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145019618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}