Journal of environmental radioactivity最新文献

{"title":"Assessment of beta-emitting radionuclide accumulation in food and tobacco products during long-term storage","authors":"Yuliya Zaripova ,&nbsp;Vyacheslav Dyachkov ,&nbsp;Alexandr Yushkov ,&nbsp;Askhat Bekenov ,&nbsp;Kuralay Dyussebayeva","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this study was to assess the effect of storage duration on the accumulation of long-lived beta-emitting radionuclides of the radon decay chain, namely ²¹⁰Pb and ²¹⁰Bi, in consumer products from Kazakhstan, including buckwheat grain, tea, and tobacco products. Samples with storage periods ranging from 3 months to 6 years were analyzed using beta spectrometry. It has been established that the activity concentration of ²¹⁰Pb in food products increases over time: from 1.16 ± 0.24 to 14.2 ± 2.9 Bq/kg in buckwheat over 4.5 years, and from 3.12 ± 0.64 to 8.74 ± 1.81 Bq/kg in tea over 4 years. In contrast, tobacco shows a pronounced decrease in ²¹⁰Pb activity (by 76% over 6 years) against the background of high ²¹⁰Bi activity, indicating a disruption of radioactive equilibrium. The measured activity concentrations in food products were several orders of magnitude below national hygienic standards. Based on consumption data, the annual effective dose was estimated: for long-stored buckwheat, it may reach up to 21% of the average global dose from natural radionuclides in food, whereas for tobacco products, the additional inhalation dose ranged from 1.83 to 7.61 μSv/year. The results highlight the importance of considering storage duration in the radiological risk assessment of dry food products and demonstrate the need for separate dosimetric approaches for tobacco products due to their fundamentally different radionuclide behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 108012"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147799176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Tritium baseline concentration and the origins of water and solute in precipitation elucidated from monthly data in Osaka, Japan” [J. Environ. Radioactiv. 292 (2026) JENR 107878]","authors":"Chonlada Pitakchaianan ,&nbsp;Kanyanan Kosinarkaranun ,&nbsp;Pantiwa Kumsut ,&nbsp;Ryuta Hazama ,&nbsp;Anawat Rittirong ,&nbsp;Koichi Sakakibara ,&nbsp;Koki Kashiwaya ,&nbsp;Yoshimune Ogata ,&nbsp;Yuka Kato ,&nbsp;Naofumi Akata ,&nbsp;Wanwisa Sudprasert","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107943","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 107943"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond survival: Can we engineer plants to thrive in and remediate radioactive environments?","authors":"Iqbal Hossen ,&nbsp;M. Mehedi Hasan Rocky ,&nbsp;Zinnat Rahman ,&nbsp;Ismail Rahman","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107963","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radionuclide (RN) contamination remains a long-standing environmental and agricultural challenge in regions affected by nuclear accidents, mining, and industrial activities. This review compiles existing knowledge on RN sources, soil–plant transfer pathways, and the physiological, biochemical, and molecular processes governing plant responses to ionizing radiation. Major plant-based remediation approaches, including phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and rhizofiltration, are assessed, with consideration of their performance under field conditions involving long-term, low-level exposure. The influence of rhizosphere-associated microorganisms on RN behavior and plant tolerance is also discussed. Recent advances in plant bioengineering are summarized, with emphasis on genetic transformation, CRISPR-enabled genome editing, root-based experimental systems, and engineering of plant–microbe interactions, which collectively offer new opportunities to enhance RN uptake, immobilization, stress resilience, and overall plant performance. Examples include precise CRISPR modifications of metal-transport and stress-response genes, as well as microbial engineering approaches that optimize rhizosphere chemistry, nutrient acquisition, and RN transformation. We further examine key defense mechanisms, such as antioxidant systems, chelation and compartmentalization strategies, rhizosphere-mediated processes, and chromatin-level protection, that contribute to radiotolerance and remediation capacity. Finally, current limitations, including the scarcity of field-scale studies, limited molecular information for RN-tolerant plant species, and regulatory challenges, are outlined, together with future research needs aimed at improving the applicability of phytoremediation in radionuclide-contaminated environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 107963"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurements of stable ruthenium isotopes in nuclear debris samples","authors":"Genna M. Patton,&nbsp;Zachary A. Torrano,&nbsp;Dylan C. Flanagan,&nbsp;Fernando Rivera,&nbsp;Matthew E. Sanborn,&nbsp;Susan K. Hanson","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ruthenium (Ru) fission product isotopes are important signatures in nuclear non-proliferation and treaty monitoring efforts. However, little is known about the distribution of Ru isotopes contained in samples from nuclear testing activities. This work details the measurement of the stable Ru isotopes ¹⁰⁰Ru, ¹⁰¹Ru, ¹⁰²Ru, and ¹⁰⁴Ru in nuclear debris samples from the Trinity nuclear test. Unusually elevated Ru concentrations are observed in the debris samples when compared to typical crustal abundances, and the isotopic profile reveals that the Ru is fissiogenic in origin. The observed ¹⁰⁴Ru/¹⁰¹Ru and ¹⁰²Ru/¹⁰¹Ru isotopic ratios are clearly different from the expected values based on cumulative fission product yields for ²³⁹Pu fission. Comparison of the observed Ru isotopic ratios with other fission products measured in the samples reveals that the 102 and 104 mass chains are depleted, and suggests that the observed isotopic ratios result from chemical fractionation of volatile precursors during debris condensation. The results represent a promising first characterization of stable Ru isotopes in samples from a nuclear test. Better characterization of source terms will improve future nuclear treaty monitoring efforts by providing a context in which to interpret unknown samples.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 107967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147609113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soil air radon as a seismic precursor: Disentangling meteorological and tectonic influences using machine learning","authors":"Hemn Salh ,&nbsp;Halgurd S. Maghdid ,&nbsp;Jahfer M. Smail ,&nbsp;Fatih Külahcı","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107975","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, 78,721 soil air radon measurements (15-min intervals, December 2006–March 2008) were measured at a depth of ∼80 cm using an AlphaMETER-611 detector at the Gebze monitoring station, located near the North Anatolian Fault Zone (NAFZ)- Türkiye, and analyzed together with meteorological parameters and regional seismicity. Statistical methods, including correlation, cross-correlation, and hierarchical clustering, were first applied to distinguish environmental from seismic influences, revealing strong positive correlations with air and soil temperatures (r = 0.63–0.66, p &lt; 0.001), moderate negative correlation with relative humidity (r = −0.40, p &lt; 0.001), and weaker effects from precipitation (r = −0.18, p &lt; 0.05). Subsequently, three machine learning models, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), Support Vector Regression (SVR), and Random Forest (RF), were applied to identify possible anomalous deviations. Several positive anomalies preceded shallow earthquakes (M_L4.8–5.7) by 22, 18, 15, 8, 7, and 1 days. Cross-model agreement highlights reproducible radon anomalies temporally associated with seismic activity. The LSTM model achieved the highest reconstruction performance (R² = 0.86), and its anomaly amplitudes showed an exponential association with earthquake magnitude (R² = 0.998) in post-event analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"295 ","pages":"Article 107975"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of non-decontamination human activities on the reduction of ambient dose equivalent rates in residential areas near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant","authors":"Minsik Kim ,&nbsp;Kazuya Yoshimura ,&nbsp;Kazuyuki Sakuma ,&nbsp;Alex Malins ,&nbsp;Tomohisa Abe ,&nbsp;Shigeo Nakama ,&nbsp;Masahiko Machida ,&nbsp;Kimiaki Saito","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107931","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107931","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, both field measurements and simulation analyses were conducted to quantitatively assess the influence of human activities, such as traffic, excluding decontamination on the reduction of ambient dose equivalent rates in residential areas near the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP). In the field survey, data on radioactive cesium deposition, and road traffic volume (as a proxy for human activity) were collected to investigate correlations between human activity and radiological conditions. The results confirmed that ¹³⁷Cs deposition has been decreasing significantly in areas with higher levels of human activity. In particular, traffic volume showed a positive correlation with the reduction in 137Cs deposition, suggesting that activities such as vehicular movement may enhance the weathering of radioactive cesium and thereby accelerate the decrease in ambient dose equivalent rates. For the simulation analysis, the observed reduction rate of ¹³⁷Cs deposition was used as a parameter to quantitatively evaluate the effects of traffic-related activity. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed using the 3D-Air Dose Rate Evaluation System (3D-ADRES), which allows for detailed modeling of the surrounding environment. The simulation results confirmed that traffic-related activities promote a reduction in ambient dose equivalent rates on paved surfaces. Moreover, areas with a higher proportion of pavement exhibited more pronounced decreases in ambient dose equivalent rates, with traffic-related activities occurring after 10 years following the FDNPP accident leading to a projected reduction of approximately 50% at 20 years compared with no traffic-related activity. These findings demonstrate that human activities other than decontamination contribute significantly to the reduction of ambient dose equivalent rates, and their effects can be quantitatively evaluated through integrated measurement and simulation approaches.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 107931"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147271239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro cellular bioluminescence assay and organism-level responses to low-dose tritium irradiation","authors":"Olga V. Kolesnik ,&nbsp;Arina S. Fedotova ,&nbsp;Alexander A. Zhigarev ,&nbsp;Gennadii A. Badun ,&nbsp;Evgeniya G. Turitsyna ,&nbsp;Nadezhda S. Kudryasheva","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107932","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107932","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The paper studies physiological parameters of two organisms of different organizational levels – cells and animals – under low-dose radioactive exposure to tritium (&lt;1.57 mGy); luminescence intensity of luminous marine bacteria <em>Photobacterium phosphoreum</em> and physiological characteristics of high organisms (rabbits) were under investigation. Two-level parameters of rabbits were analyzed: general clinical characteristics (body temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, weight, etc.) and clinical-hematological parameters of peripheral rabbit blood (i.e. phagocytic activity of leukocytes). Tritiated water (HTO) was used as a source of tritium. Luminous bacteria exhibited both activation and inhibition of bioluminescence under low-dose tritium exposure (&lt;0.35 mGy). General clinical characteristics of rabbits were within the physiological norm at 0.14-1.57 mGy. However, 0.14 mGy HTO exposure increased phagocytic activity, while 0.60 and 1.57 mGy doses suppressed it, demonstrating stimulatory and radiotoxic effects, respectively. Hence, the similarity in dose-response patterns between bacterial and rabbit cells was demonstrated. The radioprotective effects of humic substances (HS, a product of natural oxidative decomposition of soil organic matter) were also evaluated in both organisms. HS counteracted HTO toxicity in bacteria and rabbits, restoring physiological parameters (bioluminescence intensity and leukocyte phagocytic activity) to near-control levels (HTO-free conditions). As a result, a new approach has been proposed, that the rapid bacterial assay could be used to predict the cellular responses in higher organisms under low-dose radiation exposure; it can contribute to early warning of damage to higher organisms under chronic exposure. Further research is needed in accordance with this approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 107932"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147271178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A real-time analysis for diffusion and sorption parameters in compacted clay materials","authors":"Neng-Chuan Tien","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107913","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107913","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The long-term safety of deep geological radioactive waste repositories depends critically on radionuclide migration through engineered barrier systems. This study proposes the Stability-Driven Iterative Method (SDIM), an innovative analytical approach for robust and efficient parameter estimation in through-diffusion experiments. SDIM employs real-time, data-driven fitting throughout the experimental timeline to simultaneously determine the effective diffusion coefficient, distribution coefficient, and accessible porosity, thus decoupling diffusion from sorption and exclusion effects. SDIM, implemented via commonly available spreadsheet tools, enables continuous monitoring and optimization of experiment duration based on strict convergence criteria. Case studies of cation and anion diffusion in compacted bentonite show that SDIM significantly reduces experimental uncertainty, shortens run times, and provides more accurate parameter estimation than traditional methods. For anions, SDIM uniquely quantifies accessible porosity, thus revealing significant exclusion effects in certain bentonite types. This advancement not only increases the reliability of safety assessment but also enables more efficient experimental design for radioactive waste management, significantly reducing experimental duration and resource consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 107913"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146192569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural and isotopic peculiarities of a Сhernobyl fuel “hot” particle","authors":"Tatiana Poliakova ,&nbsp;Irina Vlasova ,&nbsp;Andrey Shiryaev ,&nbsp;Natalia Kuzmenkova ,&nbsp;Sergey Kalinichenko ,&nbsp;Alexander Nikitin ,&nbsp;Vasiliy Yapaskurt ,&nbsp;Vladimir Artemov ,&nbsp;Eugenia Chereslenko ,&nbsp;Alexander Trigub ,&nbsp;David Bottomley ,&nbsp;Stepan Kalmykov","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107926","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107926","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A fuel “hot” particle released during the accident at Chernobyl NPP in 1986 was collected in 2021 in a peat-bog soil 14.5 km to the north from the source. The particle was dissected by a focused ion beam, enabling observation of internal features. Scanning Electron microscopy reveals distinct morphological differences between external and internal pores, highlighting the influence of environmental conditions on surface degradation. X-ray absorption spectrum indicates that the particle maintains U(IV) oxidation state. TOF-SIMS investigation allowed precise determination of U isotopic ratio; calculated burn-up value is 15.2 MWd/kg(U). The measured U and Pu isotopic ratio are well correlated with the available literature data for Chernobyl-related samples and for RBMK fuel in general. The examined particle largely retained its structural integrity and U(IV) oxidation state after 35 years of environmental exposure, demonstrating considerable resistance against degradation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 107926"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146213400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"228Ra/226Ra isotopic ratios in groundwater from selected aquifers in Jordan and relationship with geological formations","authors":"Ahmad Hussein Alomari ,&nbsp;Fernando P. Carvalho ,&nbsp;Muneer Aziz Saleh ,&nbsp;Suhairul Hashim ,&nbsp;Amal Alsayaheen ,&nbsp;Refaat BaniKhalaf ,&nbsp;Alaa Jaffal ,&nbsp;Salah Alnjadat ,&nbsp;Amjed Hijjawi ,&nbsp;Amani Sharaf ,&nbsp;Mohammad Abu Salha ,&nbsp;Nasser Saud Alsabahi","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Water samples were collected from selected productive aquifers in Jordan to examine the influence of geological formations on the activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra in groundwater and to determine the annual effective dose to water consumers due to ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra intake with water. The highest mean activity concentrations of ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra isotopes were determined in groundwater from the Cambrian-Ordovician formation with 0.318 ± 0.010 Bq L⁻¹ and 0.628 ± 0.012 Bq L⁻¹, respectively. The lowest mean activity concentration for ²²⁶Ra, 0.076 ± 0.011 Bq L⁻¹, was determined in groundwater from the Lower Cretaceous geological formation, while the lowest mean activity concentrations for ²²⁸Ra, &lt;0.080 Bq L⁻¹ (MDA), was determined in groundwater from the Tertiary geological formation. The influence of geological formation on ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra activity concentrations in groundwater was investigated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results revealed a significant influence of geological formations on ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra activity concentrations in groundwater. Furthermore, the consumption of groundwater from these geological formations may exceed the annual effective radiation dose limit recommended by WHO (0.1 mSv y⁻¹), but that dose still is below the Jordanian limits of radiation dose from drinking water (0.5 mSv y⁻¹) tolerated for members of the public. The overall results of this study enabled to fingerprint groundwater from several geological formations and may serve as a baseline of ²²⁶Ra and ²²⁸Ra activity concentrations in groundwater. This will allow detecting anthropogenic contamination and/or modification of the geochemical conditions in aquifers with an impact on water quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"294 ","pages":"Article 107937"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147348468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}