Journal of environmental radioactivity最新文献

{"title":"Temporal and spatial variation in 137Cs concentrations in wild boar (Sus scrofa) from Sweden","authors":"Mykhailo Vinichuk ,&nbsp;Klas Rosén ,&nbsp;Pål Andersson ,&nbsp;Julia Kyaschenko ,&nbsp;Robert N. Weimer","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates temporal and spatial variation in ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations in Swedish wild boar between 2011 and 2024 to assess long-term ecological impacts of radiocaesium of anthropogenic origin. Data from a total of 5844 meat samples collected across 39 municipalities in six counties were analysed. Average ground deposition of ¹³⁷Cs in these municipalities in 1986 ranged from 1.84 to 51.55 kBq m<strong>⁻</strong>². The average ¹³⁷Cs concentration in wild boar meat was 1679 Bq kg⁻¹, with 27.5% of samples exceeding the sales limit of 1500 Bq kg⁻¹.</div><div>Seasonal variation in ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations in wild boar meat was evident, with levels peaking in winter and early spring and declining nearly fivefold in late summer and early autumn, across all locations. On average, younger boars (≤1 year) exhibited 25% higher concentrations than older individuals, with the greatest differences observed in winter and no differences in autumn. No sex-specific differences in concentrations were detected. A weak but statistically significant correlation was observed between meat radioactivity and average ground deposition across all counties, with a slightly weaker correlation in Gävleborg and Uppsala. Overall, ¹³⁷Cs deposition remained the primary factor explaining the observed levels of meat contamination. A twofold increase in ¹³⁷Cs deposition resulted in an almost proportional increase in ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations in wild boar meat, whereas the ¹³⁷Cs transfer factor (<em>T</em>_ag) remained largely unchanged. The geometric mean <em>T</em>_ag for wild boar was 0.052 m² kg⁻¹, while the effective half-life (<em>T</em>_eff) of ¹³⁷Cs varied widely among municipalities (2–3 to &gt;30 years); no <em>T</em>_eff could be estimated for the study area as a whole due to the absence of a consistent decline in ¹³⁷Cs activity concentrations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 108006"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feasibility study of tRAYcy-based efficiency calibration and transfer methods for HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry","authors":"Jaehyeon Seo ,&nbsp;Hyemi Cha ,&nbsp;Younghak Kim,&nbsp;Chang-Jong Kim,&nbsp;Jong-Myoung Lim,&nbsp;Mee Jang","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the feasibility of using the Monte Carlo-based tRAYcy software for efficiency calibration and efficiency transfer in high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma-ray spectrometry. Detection efficiencies were simulated employing both tRAYcy and MCNP6 for two Marinelli beaker geometries, 450 and 1000 mL, and were compared with experimental measurements obtained from certified multi-nuclide reference sources. Efficiencies simulated with tRAYcy showed good agreement with those generated using MCNP6, with average absolute relative differences of 5.3% and 7.3% for the 450 mL and 1000 mL geometries, respectively. Detector-parameter optimization within tRAYcy further improved agreement with experimental data, reducing the average absolute relative differences from initial values of approximately 12% to 5.2% and 5.7 % for the 450 mL and 1000 mL geometries, respectively. The efficiency transfer method estimated the efficiency of a target geometry by scaling an experimentally calibrated reference efficiency using the ratio of simulated efficiencies between two geometries. In this study, the 450 mL geometry served as the reference for deriving the 1000 mL efficiency. The transferred efficiencies obtained with tRAYcy agreed with direct experimental measurements, with an average absolute relative differences of 0.80%. Validation using proficiency test samples showed that the activity concentrations derived using the tRAYcy-based efficiency transfer agreed with the certified reference values within approximately 6.5%, except for ¹⁵²Eu. A zeta-score (ζ) evaluation showed acceptable agreement (|ζ| ≤ 2) for most radionuclides, whereas ¹⁵²Eu exhibited values marginally exceeding 2. These results indicate that tRAYcy is a practical tool for routine efficiency calibration and transfer in HPGe gamma-ray spectrometry.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 108017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147799177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interfacial processes and biogeochemical cycling of plutonium in environmental media: Sources, transformation, and impacts","authors":"Chun Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiang Zhou ,&nbsp;Hao Sun ,&nbsp;Zengyan Li ,&nbsp;Yu Wang ,&nbsp;Jia Zhan ,&nbsp;Weixian Wang ,&nbsp;Hui Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plutonium (Pu), an anthropogenic actinide with extreme radiotoxicity and chemotoxicity, derives mainly from nuclear weapons testing, accidents, and legacy waste disposal. Its environmental mobility and long-term fate are controlled by coupled interfacial reactions and biogeochemical cycling in soils, sediments, and aquatic systems. This review integrates recent advances in Pu sources, speciation, and distribution, with emphasis on adsorption–desorption at mineral–water interfaces, redox transformations across Pu(III/IV/V/VI) states, and colloid/nanoparticle-facilitated transport. Critical controls (pH, redox potential (Eh), dissolved organic matter, Fe/Mn (hydr)oxides, and microbial activity) are systematically evaluated. Microbial redox cycling, biological uptake, and immobilization pathways are shown to profoundly influence Pu speciation and transfer across environmental compartments. A unified conceptual model is presented to link interfacial processes with biogeochemical cycling under varying geochemical and climatic conditions. Current remediation technologies are critically assessed, revealing limitations and emerging interface- and microbe-targeted strategies. This synthesis provides a mechanistic framework for enhanced predictive modeling, risk assessment, and sustainable management of Pu-contaminated sites worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 108014"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plutonium isotopes in surface air at Chiba City, Japan from 2016 to 2023: occurrence of anomalous 238Pu","authors":"Soichiro Suzuki ,&nbsp;Goh Abe ,&nbsp;Wataru Nitta ,&nbsp;Keisuke Isogai ,&nbsp;Fumiya Ishihara ,&nbsp;Katsumi Hirose","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Since 2016, we have measured plutonium isotopes in surface air at Chiba City by using alpha spectrometry and ICP-MS, together with large volume sampling and radiochemical analysis to identify sources of plutonium in air aerosol samples and to assess their effects. The monthly ^239,240Pu activity concentrations ranged from ND to 22 nBq/m³, showing a clear seasonal variation with a maximum in the spring season. Most of the plutonium in surface air at Chiba City is governed by resuspension of global fallout-derived Pu due to dispersion of soil particles at local and regional scales, such as long-range transport of East Asian continental dust (yellow dust). The monthly activity concentrations of ²³⁸Pu varied from not detected (ND; detection limit &lt;0.087 nBq/m³) to 3.4 nBq/m³, apart from anomalous values observed in February and March 2023, which were less than 20% of the corresponding ^239,240Pu concentrations. In March 2023, a marked peak of ²³⁸Pu activity concentration (25 nBq/m³) occurred. In addition, ²³⁸Pu/^239,240Pu activity ratios in February and March 2023 increased to 0.95 ± 0.095 and 1.1 ± 0.05, respectively, which were obviously higher than the global fallout ratio (0.02). The ²³⁸Pu/^239,240Pu activity ratio increased due to nuclear facility accident, such as Chernobyl, in which an enhanced ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atom ratio occurred. The ²⁴⁰Pu/²³⁹Pu atom ratios in the corresponding months were 0.17 ± 0.021 and 0.17 ± 0.007, respectively, which are similar to that of the global fallout ratio (0.18). Therefore, it is difficult to explain that the anomalous ²³⁸Pu during those periods of this study was derived from domestic nuclear facilities including Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station and/or global fallout origins.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 108013"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147799179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Linking forest compartments to the long-term decline rates of 137Cs in stream fish: A contaminated headwater catchment in Fukushima","authors":"Yumiko Ishii ,&nbsp;Jaeick Jo ,&nbsp;Toshihiro Wada ,&nbsp;Tsutomu Kanasashi ,&nbsp;Kazuyoshi Takasaki ,&nbsp;Wataru Teramoto ,&nbsp;Yuto Funaki ,&nbsp;Ayame Inomata ,&nbsp;Shinya Shimamura ,&nbsp;Masaru Sakai ,&nbsp;Hiroshi Kurikami ,&nbsp;Seiji Hayashi","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-term monitoring after the Fukushima Daiichi accident have shown that ¹³⁷Cs concentrations in freshwater fish do not always decrease exponentially; they level off at relatively high values more than a decade after the fallout. In forested headwater streams, insectivorous salmonids are closely associated with forest-derived prey species. Because ¹³⁷Cs is redistributed among forest compartments and declines at different rates over time, the compartments and pathways that control long-term contamination in fish remain unclear. We quantified temporal changes in ¹³⁷Cs across forest–stream compartments, including masu salmon (<em>Oncorhynchus masou</em>) and white-spotted charr (<em>Salvelinus leucomaenis</em>), in two contaminated reaches of the Ota River, Fukushima, from 2018 to 2025 (7–14 years post-accident). Leaf, litter, periphyton, and dissolved ¹³⁷Cs generally declined, with effective half-lives of 2–7 years. In contrast, masu salmon showed no clear decline, whereas white-spotted charr decreased slowly, with a half-life of 7–13 years. Terrestrial insects showed no consistent decline, and exhibited highly variable ¹³⁷Cs concentrations among the feeding groups, reflecting uptake from heterogeneously contaminated forest compartments. Correlation network analysis indicated that masu salmon was more strongly coupled to terrestrial insects than to white-spotted charr, suggesting that terrestrial insects are a key pathway for continued exposure to forest-derived ¹³⁷Cs. These results indicate that ¹³⁷Cs stored in near-surface forest soils remains a persistent source for terrestrial fish prey. Our findings highlight the striking persistence of ¹³⁷Cs in masu salmon, raise concerns for fishery recovery, and suggest pathways sustaining this contamination. Clarification of these pathways will provide a basis for more accurate long-term predictions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 108009"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147799180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of parameters and seasonal variations of 7Be deposition flux in Dazaifu, western Japan (2017–2018)","authors":"Yukinori Narazaki ,&nbsp;Akihiro Sakoda ,&nbsp;Naofumi Akata ,&nbsp;Yoichi Ishikawa ,&nbsp;Noriyuki Momoshima","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We conducted continuous measurements of atmospheric and precipitation ⁷Be activity concentrations and deposition fluxes in Dazaifu, western Japan, from June 2017 to May 2018 to clarify the seasonal dynamics of this cosmogenic radionuclide. The annual mean atmospheric ⁷Be activity concentration was 6.1 mBq/m³, the mean activity concentration in precipitation was 2300 Bq/m³, and the total (wet and dry) deposition flux averaged 6.1 Bq/m²·day. The mean deposition velocity was 1.3 cm/s, and the mean scavenging ratio was 530. Wet deposition accounted for more than 90% of the total deposition, and heavy rainfall events markedly enhanced the deposition flux through strong washout effects. A clear seasonal pattern is observed in the deposition flux. Summer enhancement is mainly associated with increased precipitation and efficient wet scavenging, whereas winter enhancement is primarily driven by higher ⁷Be activity concentrations in precipitation. These results provide comprehensive observational data on ⁷Be deposition parameters in a humid mid-latitude region, offering key insights into aerosol‒precipitation interactions and atmospheric transport processes relevant to environmental monitoring and modeling.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 107998"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of synthetic scenarios to assess the transfer of radionuclides to groundwater from liquid discharges in NORM industries","authors":"J. Guillén,&nbsp;L. Cabezas-Vinagre,&nbsp;A. Salas","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108011","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108011","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>By-products and wastes from NORM (Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material) industries usually present enhanced concentration of naturally occurring radionuclides. Some of them are liquid, such as water from acid drainage sites, uranium mine tailings, or phosphogypsum ponds. There is considerable variability in the types of locations, size of water bodies, radionuclide concentration, type of water, hydrogeochemical characteristics of the site that can have a significant influence on the transfer of naturally occurring radionuclides to groundwater. Therefore, their occurrence in groundwater can pose a radiological hazard, since it can be used for irrigation, watering animals or drinking water, among others. In this study, we developed three different synthetic/theoretical scenarios in which most of these parameters are fixed after consulting the corresponding literature. Two scenarios are based on uranium tailings and a phosphogypsum stack with high radionuclide concentration that percolates into an aquifer; whereas in the third scenario the source term is a leaking pipe in the ground above the aquifer. The purpose of these scenarios is to determine the influence of several variables on the transfer of naturally occurring radionuclides to groundwater used for human consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 108011"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147799178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The ability of crystalline rocks to adsorb radionuclides after exposure to aggressive environments","authors":"E.A. Tyupina ,&nbsp;P.P. Kozlov ,&nbsp;V.V. Krupskaya ,&nbsp;I.A. Morozov ,&nbsp;T.A. Koroleva","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.107999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Crystalline rock massif of the Yeniseiskiy site (Krasnoyarsk region) is considered for the disposal of radioactive waste in the Russian Federation. In this study the resistance of different types of rocks located at target depths in the site of geological disposal facility (gneisses, dolerites, and carbonatized fissure filling) to dissolution by groundwater was simulated by short-term stage-by-stage treatment with 18 % HCl solution and aqua regia. The impact of dissolution on isolation properties was also investigated. A high sorption capacity to Cs(I) and Eu(III) which chemical behavior is similar to Am (III) and Pu (III) of gneiss, dolerite, and fissure filling samples was established. During the studies of sorption properties, it was found that the greatest influence on the retention of Cs by gneiss and dolerite have the specific surface area (SSA) value. This effect is most pronounced for gneiss due to the increased available surface area of mica minerals biotite and muscovite. The retention effect of the fissure filling material is mainly determined by the content of mixed-layer illite-smectite clay minerals and chlorite. It was found that the greatest influence on the retention of europium by gneiss and mineral fissure filling is the content of chlorite in the samples. The obtained results reflect the resistance of the host rock of the Yeniseiskiy site to the most aggressive acid environments, which allows assessing the stability of their isolation properties for a long-term perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 107999"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radium recovery from mining tailings: A comprehensive review of techniques and applications","authors":"Osman Cesar Granada Galvis ,&nbsp;Leandro Goulart de Araujo ,&nbsp;Roberto Vicente ,&nbsp;Sabine Neusatz Guilhen","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Radium, a naturally occurring radioactive element, has been historically recognized for its medical and industrial applications. However, with the advent of synthetic radioactive iso-topes, radium's prominence declined, and the former radium sealed sources were relegated to radioactive waste. Recent developments include the potential of radium to be used as target in a nuclear reaction to produce a radioisotope used in nuclear medicine. This has prompted the retrieval of radium sources from radioactive waste storage facilities and renewed attention on radium recovery from mining/milling residues. This review explores radium's historical significance, chemical properties, and isotopic characteristics while addressing contemporary challenges in radium extraction and applications. Particular focus is given to radium recovery techniques from residues of uranium, thorium, and rare earth element processing, emphasizing their environmental implications and regulatory considerations. The analysis highlights advancements in radium separation methods, such as ion exchange, co-precipitation, and chromatographic techniques, as well as emerging technologies aimed at optimizing recovery while mitigating environmental risks posed by mining and milling waste. By consolidating current knowledge, this study underscores the dual importance of radium recovery in resource sustainability and environmental stewardship.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 108010"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147772954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measurement of radon exhalation parameters in normal concrete and its application in prediction model of indoor radon concentration","authors":"Bowei Ding,&nbsp;Yunyun Wu,&nbsp;Yanchao Song,&nbsp;Hongxing Cui,&nbsp;Haoran Sun,&nbsp;Jialu Li,&nbsp;Changsong Hou","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jenvrad.2026.108001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study measured the radon exhalation parameters of normal concrete and developed a predictive model for indoor radon concentrations based on these parameters. Twenty-two concrete samples were collected from five provinces in China. The ²²⁶Ra content of the samples was determined using a GC3018 low-background HPGe γ-spectrometer, while porosity was measured with a BSD-TD-K fully automated true density and open porosity analyzer. Radon exhalation rates and the radon emanation fraction were quantified using the activated carbon sealed chamber method combined with γ-spectrometry. Radon diffusion length and diffusion coefficient were measured using an integrated system comprising a source chamber, diffusion window, accumulation chamber, and RAD7 radon detector. The normal concrete samples exhibited an average density of 2436 ± 93 kg/m³ and a mean radium content of 25 ± 10 Bq/kg. The average surface radon exhalation rate was 0.22 ± 0.12 mBq·m⁻²·s⁻¹, and statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between radium content and radon exhalation rate. The concrete samples demonstrated an average porosity of 13.4% ± 4.0%, a mean emanation fraction of 9.3% ± 3.3%, a mean radon diffusion length of 0.08 ± 0.04 m, and a mean radon diffusion coefficient of (0.016 ± 0.016) × 10⁻⁶ m² s⁻¹. Model validation showed a mean relative percent deviation of 16% between predicted and measured indoor radon concentrations, indicating good agreement between the model predictions and experimental observations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15667,"journal":{"name":"Journal of environmental radioactivity","volume":"296 ","pages":"Article 108001"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147773029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}