{"title":"Applying the Minimum Income Standard in Diverse National Contexts","authors":"M. Padley, Abigail Davis","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.24","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter analyzes some of the challenges associated with research work that applies the Minimum Income Standards (MIS) approach in different national contexts around the globe. It delves into the conception of minimum living standards across different country contexts that requires a concerted effort to establish how much is enough in each context. It also points out that the definitions of minimum living standards should not only reflect the values and norms of a given country, but also that these definitions should function as the basis for establishing consensus about the sorts of goods and services needed to achieve the minimum living standard. The chapter stresses how the MIS work across diverse contexts requires a certain level of “translation.” It investigates the MIS programme of research conducted in Mexico, Singapore and South Africa, which confirms that the “minimum” can have different meanings, connotations, interpretations, and even contestations.","PeriodicalId":156584,"journal":{"name":"Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133646226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Introduction to Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets: International and Comparative Policy Perspectives","authors":"C. Deeming","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.8","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter gives an overview of the research in developing “minimum income standards” and “family budget standards,” “indicative budgets” and “standard budgets.” It analyzes goods and services that are considered necessary to reach a minimum standard of living for an individual or household within a given country context, region, or city. It also brings together up-to-date and accessible information and analysis in an effort to raise the profile and understanding of reference budget research. The chapter places minimum income standards at the heart of global social policy debates that focus on strengthening social protection systems. It also discusses reference budgets and minimum income standards research, covering different methodologies and approaches in relation to the implementation of policy and practice.","PeriodicalId":156584,"journal":{"name":"Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134133765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.32","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":156584,"journal":{"name":"Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets","volume":"29 5","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133391482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets","authors":"C. Deeming","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv","url":null,"abstract":"Research into minimum income standards and reference budgets around the world is compared in this illuminating book. From countries with long established research traditions to places where it is relatively new, the book sets out the different aims and objectives of investigations into the minimum needs and requirements of populations, and the historical contexts, theoretical frameworks and methodological issues that lie behind each approach. For policymakers, practitioners and social policy and poverty academics, this essential review of learnings to date and future prospects for research is all the more relevant in light of the COVID-19 pandemic, testing health and social protection systems around the globe.","PeriodicalId":156584,"journal":{"name":"Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129566156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Minimum Essential Standards of Living research in Ireland","authors":"Bernadette Mac Mahon, R. Thornton","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.10","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter focuses on the history and development of budget standards research in Ireland, from the Low Cost but Acceptable approach that was used to assess adequacy to the more recent adoptions of the Minimum Income Standards methodology. It talks about the Minimum Essential Standards of Living (MESL), which is rooted in social consensus about the goods and services that everyone in Ireland should be able to afford. It also discusses the United Nations' definition of a “minimum acceptable standard of living.” The chapter analyzes the most recent MESL results that are discussed in the context of social welfare adequacy. It also points out how the MESL research has had an impact in policy debates around adequacy in Ireland.","PeriodicalId":156584,"journal":{"name":"Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets","volume":"20 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133326652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Slovenian experience with three methods for defining the minimum income","authors":"N. Stropnik","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.23","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the Slovenian experience with three methods for defining minimum income standards. It suggests that all three approaches were expert-led, normative, and were intended to cover “basic needs.” It also talks about the approach on developing basic needs for reference budgets from the late 1970s and early 1980s, which was based on expert deliberations and analysis of family expenditure surveys that indicate consumptions patterns. The chapter explains how the food basket was determined by nutrition experts while a normative approach was adopted for heating and lighting, clothing and footwear, home appliances and furniture, and leisure. It discusses the “food-share” method, which is based on the cost calculations for a minimal diet with a proportion added for other non-food necessities.","PeriodicalId":156584,"journal":{"name":"Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets","volume":"185 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133602146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reference Budgets as Tools for Everyday Life, Evaluation and Policy Making in Finland","authors":"A.-R. Lehtinen, K. Aalto","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.15","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter tackles Anna-Riitta Lehtinen and Kristiina Aalto's work on reference budget methods in Finland in order to establish the decent minimum reference budgets. It illustrates some attempts that were made to establish a programme of reference budget research in the 1990s. It also mentions how reference budget research was revived by Lehtinen and Aalto's work on consensual budgets in 2010 and then in 2018. The chapter examines how the Finnish reference budgets combine focus group discussions with members of the public in order to help improve the reliability and validity of the resulting standards. It reveals the inadequacy of the Finnish social protection system, in which only pensioner incomes reached the reference budget standard while other cash transfers and benefits were about 70 percent of the reference budgets.","PeriodicalId":156584,"journal":{"name":"Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128920381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Minimum budgets for Danish families","authors":"J. Bonke, A. Christensen","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.21","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter reports on minimum reference budgets for Danish families. It discusses the first versions of the Danish minimum reference budgets that were produced in the 1990s and followed the Low Cost but Acceptable (LCA) approach. It also explains the Danish reference budgets that represent consumption expenditures associated with a modest but still healthy and basic social life for different families and households. The chapter looks into the deliberations of expert groups in order to define the necessary requirements for living a modest but still healthy life, and reference budgets that cover ten different family or household groups. It compares the Danish reference budgets against the Norwegian reference budgets as both follow similar expert-led procedures.","PeriodicalId":156584,"journal":{"name":"Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131717320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Vrooman, Benedikt Goderis, Stella J. M. Hoff, B. V. Hulst
{"title":"Measuring poverty in the Netherlands: the generalised reference budget approach","authors":"C. Vrooman, Benedikt Goderis, Stella J. M. Hoff, B. V. Hulst","doi":"10.46692/9781447352976.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46692/9781447352976.014","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter looks into generalised two reference budgets for measuring poverty in the Netherlands. The first, a “basic needs” budget, is based on the expenses that can be regarded as the minimum necessary standard in the Netherlands. The second is a Modest but Adequate (MBA) reference budget, which is more generous and takes into account the minimum cost of recreation and social participation. The chapter clarifies how the both the budgets are first determined for a single household and then derived for other household types by applying equivalence scales. It also explains that the reference budgets are based on the deliberations of experts, informed by administrative data, and national expenditure surveys.","PeriodicalId":156584,"journal":{"name":"Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131274686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Establishing a national standard:","authors":"D. Hirsch","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv125jsbv.28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":156584,"journal":{"name":"Minimum Income Standards and Reference Budgets","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127715589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}