Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai最新文献

{"title":"Iš Kauno pavieto žemės teismo kasdienybės. Pavieto vazniai XVI a. pabaigoje","authors":"Darius Vilimas","doi":"10.33918/20290705-06006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/20290705-06006","url":null,"abstract":"Everyday Matters in Kaunas Powiat Land Court. Powiat Voznys in the Late 16th Century\u0000\u0000The institution of the powiat vozny (vaznys) established by the Second Statute of Lithuania had developed from the former function of the vizh (vižas) in the courts of selected judges. Following the introduction of the vozny function, vizhes were demoted to the lowest link of court executors employed by state-non-judicial or private estate administrations. The number of voznys in each powiat of the GDL ranged from several to a dozen and more. Any powiat nobleman of impeccable reputation who had immovable property in the area could be sworn in as a vozny. Voznys would serve in both powiat land courts and castle courts. At first they were appointed by the voivode’s discretion, later voivodes would appoint voznys elected at sejmiks, based on the noblemen’s request. Each powiat viozny had a certain territory for his supervision and service. This could have been a volost, a district, etc., though most often the territory assigned to a vozny was indicated as a powiat. The number of voznys was not regulated – there could be several voznys in a volost or a single vozny for several volosts and there was no literacy requirement to become a vozny. Only the vozny general of the powiat introduced by the Third Statute of the GDL was expected to be able to read and write. Kaunas powiat was formed after the administrative reform of the GDL in 1565–1566. It stretched in a strip widening towards the southwest from Kėdainiai (Samogitia) in the north to Vyštytis in the south, was the smallest of all powiats in the Voivodeship of Trakai covering the area of around 6045 km². There is no available information on the appointment of the first voznys in Kaunas powiat. They might have been appointed together with the first composition of the post-reform land courts at the beginning of 1566 as it was the case in Slanim powiat where on 1 June 1565 eight powiat voznys were appointed. Inscriptions made by voznys themselves make up a small part of all the records in these books.","PeriodicalId":156509,"journal":{"name":"Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai","volume":"545 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130404742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kirviu ir kaltu: nekilmingųjų ženklai Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės XV–XVI a. šaltiniuose","authors":"Tomas Čelkis","doi":"10.33918/20290705-06008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/20290705-06008","url":null,"abstract":"With an Axe and a Chisel: Signs of the Base-Born People in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania Sources of the 15th–16th Century\u0000\u0000The GDL signs in the 15th-16th century would not only send a symbolic and informationrelated message, but would also express the exceptional relation between a person or a group of persons and things or objects. This is suggested by the signs bearing legal protective power that were used in property marking. The said signs were used by people of humble descent and also by those representing a higher social class prior to the introduction of coats of arms. It is obvious that signs of the base-born people are seldom subjected to analysis, most probably due to the limited possibilities offered by sparse sources. Therefore the article focuses on the issues related to non-heraldic signs used in the GDL in the 15th-16th century, viewing them as an object of research. The article dwells on various concepts utilized in multilingual GDL sources of the 15th-16th century to denote the said signs, analyses the conditions of their appearance and application. Written sources and iconography detected therein serve as\u0000the basis for the consideration of the graphic aspects of such signs. In addition, in order\u0000to supplement the number of the published sources dedicated to the analysis of the GDL signs, the appendix of the book contains an archival GDL document dating back to 1541, namely a letter of Vilnius cathedral chapter listing the tribute paid by peasants of Volčia domain (Dokshytsy District, Belarus) and featuring 29 legal signs used by these peasants.","PeriodicalId":156509,"journal":{"name":"Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131047213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nežinomos XVI a. vidurio Kauno miestiečių apeliacijos valdovo teismui, įrašytos Lietuvos Metrikos Palenkės vaivadijos knygose","authors":"Darius Antanavičius","doi":"10.33918/20290705-06005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/20290705-06005","url":null,"abstract":"The Unknown Appeals of the mid-16th Century Kaunas Citizens to the Assessors’\u0000Court and the Court in Relationibus in the So-called Voivodeship of Podlachia Books\u0000of the Lithuanian Metrica\u0000\u0000The aim of the article is to present the hitherto unknown facts relating to the appeals of\u0000Kaunas citizens filed with the assessors’ court and the court in relationibus of the GDL in the first half of the 16th-mid-17th century. The assessors’ court was the main instance of appeal in the GDL which on the sovereign’s behalf, alongside other cases, dealt with the complaints of the citizens of state or royal cities that were granted Magdeburg rights with regard to the rulings of the courts of the first instance, namely the courts of the council, voigt (vaitas), and benchers (suolininkai), in the said cities. The court in relationibus was a higher level of the assessors’ court. These courts would mostly hear cases forwarded from the assessor’s and other courts. The Lithuanian Metrica is a block of the GDL chancellery books. The Voivodeship of Podlachia is a territory comprising mostly the lands of Drohiczin, Bielsk, and Mielnik which from 1513 was administered by the Voivode of Podlachia, was part of the GDL until 1569 but, following the Union of Lublin of 1569, was handed over to Poland. Out of 12 Voivodeship of Podlachia books at the moment 8 are available for the use of researchers.","PeriodicalId":156509,"journal":{"name":"Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114606727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės kanceliarijos knygų rūšys (1522–1540): kaita ir tęstinumas","authors":"Laimontas Karalius","doi":"10.33918/20290705-06001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/20290705-06001","url":null,"abstract":"TYPES OF THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA CHANCELLERY BOOKS (1522–1540):\u0000CHANGES AND CONTINUITY\u0000\u0000This article is dedicated to the issues relating to the types of the GDL chancellery books.\u0000The analysed chancellery books are genetically related to the chancellery and represent\u0000the information processing and storage processes used therein. What we have in mind are the chancellery registers of the issued and received documents rather than books of document transcriptions (cartularies). This is speaking in terms of medieval diplomacy. In the framework of the modern archival science, this would be the books of the GDL chancellery acts (records). All the books attributable to the defined period from 1522 to 1540 have been analysed, categorized, and characterized. Orderly books of the chancellery of Albertas Goštautas (Olbracht Gasztołd), the Chancellor and the Voivode of Vilnius, have been chosen as the object of the research. The result of the conducted research is the necessity to change the historiographic perception of the orderly books of the abovementioned Chancellor. Two clearly distinctive and chronologically isolated stages of the principles of chancellery book formation have been discovered and justified when combining the aspects of change and continuity.","PeriodicalId":156509,"journal":{"name":"Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124127183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Privačios fundacijos ir donacijos stačiatikių cerkvėms bei vienuolynams Lietuvos Didžiojoje Kunigaikštystėje XIV a. pabaigoje–XVI a. pradžioje","authors":"Mindaugas Klovas","doi":"10.33918/20290705-06003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/20290705-06003","url":null,"abstract":"Private Foundations and Donations to Orthodox Churches and Monasteries in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Late 14th–early 16th Century\u0000\u0000The oldest foundation and donation related documents intended for Orthodox churches and monasteries and issued by private persons date back to the late 14th century. Until the mid- 15th century only isolated documents are available, however starting with the 1440s the number of documents gradually increases up to the very beginning of the 16th century. In total, 107 documents are known (their register is presented in the article). Throughout the period under investigation most of the document drawers were regional dukes (mostly the Gediminids, several Rurikids), however, starting with the middle of the 15th century persons of noble descent were also recorded among the document drawers. 32 different locations where Orthodox churches and monasteries were provided for have been detected (mostly in the duchies of Kiev, Mstislavl, Pinsk, and Slutsk). The largest number of grants (15) were issued for the maintenance of Kiev Pechersk and Pustynsk monasteries which suggests of the importance of Kiev as the centre of religious authority. Document subscriptions indicate that most of the persons who wrote these documents were laymen.","PeriodicalId":156509,"journal":{"name":"Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124096573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės Vyriausiojo tribunolo raštvedyba: bylų registrų knygos","authors":"Adam Stankevič","doi":"10.33918/20290705-06009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/20290705-06009","url":null,"abstract":"Record Keeping of the Supreme Tribunal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: Case Registration Books\u0000\u0000\u0000The article analysed case registration books of the Supreme Tribunal of the GDL in the\u000016th-18th century, their structure, development, and the main issues relating to the use of these books in court practice. The oldest surviving register books date back to the mid-17th century. At that time the structure of the records had already become well-established – each page contained a brief entry at the right-hand-side corner, offering data on the parties to the proceedings (names of claimants and defendants, positions held by them or their titles) which were copied from the writ of summons of the case. This structure of each entry remained unchanged until the very end of the 18th century. The case registration books not only informed the court about the considered cases and set the order of their hearing, but also performed other functions, for example, the proceedings of the case and the court rulings were recorded there. The laws only fragmentally provided for the keeping and use of registration books, usually the corresponding requirements were only introduced in order to prevent the misconduct of litigants and clerical staff. In order to organize the work of the court more efficiently, the registration books were started to be categorised according to the nature of the cases, however, the rational way of their use was not devised. Meanwhile, the fact that some of the registration books were singled out from the common system of use led to their wrongdoings, which had a strong negative effect on the efficacy of the GDL Supreme Court and affected the Supreme Court’s ability to effectively deal with appeals and other important cases.","PeriodicalId":156509,"journal":{"name":"Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129758977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Publication: 1680 m. lietuviška priesaika dėl Svobiškio dvaro žemių","authors":"","doi":"10.33918/20290705-06010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/20290705-06010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":156509,"journal":{"name":"Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128408394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Viešųjų notarų veikla Lietuvos Didžiosios Kunigaikštystės vyskupijose XVI a.","authors":"Inga Ilarienė","doi":"10.33918/20290705-06007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/20290705-06007","url":null,"abstract":"Activities of Notaries Public in the Dioceses of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the 16th Century\u0000\u0000This is a research of the notaries public as a corporate group. The research deals with the issues pertaining to the existence of a certain network of notaries public in the dioceses of Vilnius, Samogitia, and Lutsk in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and their correlation in the space of notaries public of the province of the archdiocese of Gniezno in the 16th century. The period under investigation is chronologically enframed by two dates. The first conditional date is 1501 which marks a stage in the maturity of the notarial system when the clergymen of the GDL started being awarded the honorary title – Count of the Sacred Palace of Lateran (comes apostolicus) accompanied by the right granted by the Pope to delegate notaries public (the Emperor could also award the title of the count of the palace). The said right was usually exercised by bishops, church officials, and notaries general. 1515 is considered an interim important date in the research as this was the year when the statutes of local dioceses of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania were drawn up and the first wording of Vilnius cathedral chapter statutes, for the first time mentioning the participation of the notary public in the life of the chapter and his functions, was carried out. The second date is 1566 – the year when the Second Statute of Lithuania legitimized the activities of notaries public on the national level throughout the GDL. The said dates mark the dynamics and spread of the notarial system – introduced through the institution of the Church, the function of the notary public gradually entered the sovereign’s chancellery, noblemen, following the example of the sovereign, started using the services and notaries public gradually found their way to municipal institutions of towns and cities. The codification dates of the two separate structures of government – the church and secular authorities – can be equally applied to mark the development stages of the notarial system as they indicate the process of notary public participation in both – the church and state government institutions.","PeriodicalId":156509,"journal":{"name":"Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai","volume":"201 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134111078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review: А. И. Груша, Документальная письменность Великого Княжества Литовского (конец XIV – первая треть XVI в.), Минск: Беларуская навука, 2015. – 465 с.","authors":"Mindaugas Klovas","doi":"10.33918/20290705-06012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/20290705-06012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":156509,"journal":{"name":"Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133165425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Didiko valdžia, humanistai ir raudonas vaškas: Mikalojaus Radvilos suteiktis žemioniui Jonui Slavskiui","authors":"Karolis Čižauskas","doi":"10.33918/20290705-06004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33918/20290705-06004","url":null,"abstract":"A NOBLEMAN’S RULE, HUMANISTS AND RED WAX: MIKALOJUS RADVILA’S GRANT TO LANDOWNER JAN SŁAWSKI\u0000\u0000This is the publication of the grant issued in 1519 by the Voivode of Vilnius and the Chancellor of the State Mikalojus Radvila (Mikołaj Radziwiłł) in favour of landowner Jan Sławski. It is a document written on a parchment in a manner akin to the humanist minuscule. The parchment has a red wax seal of Mikalojus Radvila attached to it. The published document is accompanied by the text aimed at disclosing and relating the history of the issuance and existence of this document. The main reasons for drawing up such document was the model of Mikalojus Radvila’s rule in Podlachia. When in 1509 the sovereign Žygimantas Senasis (Sigismund I the Old) conceded the domains in Goniądz and Rajgród to the said nobleman and in 1517 also granted the immunity, Radvila employed several interrelated methods to establish his power in the territory. Alongside the castle another important manifestation of such power was subordinate noblemen who eventually would become local officers and form a part of the organization of the lord’s court.","PeriodicalId":156509,"journal":{"name":"Istorijos šaltinių tyrimai","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130588621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}