{"title":"In-vehicle route guidance systems using map-matched dead reckoning","authors":"W. Collier","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66200","url":null,"abstract":"A functional overview of software for a route guidance system developed for commercial automotive use is presented. The system encompasses a sensor subsystem that filters noise from raw sensor data; a user interface and control subsystem, which accepts user inputs for direction generating and responds with audible or displayed directions at the appropriate time; a vehicle positioning subsystem, which determines the vehicle's position in the road network based on sensor readings and map matching techniques; and a navigation subsystem that plots the requested route under a variety of nominal and nonnominal scenarios. An in-depth discussion of the map matched dead reckoning is presented, exploring the process whereby sensors and map and software are used to track vehicle position accurately. A discussion of preliminary results using these systems is given. It is concluded that initial tests, both via simulation and on the road, have validated the techniques and technology of route guidance using map matched dead reckoning for vehicle positioning.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125752596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A five channel low cost GPS receiver","authors":"L. Estes, G. Fain","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66177","url":null,"abstract":"A progress report on a program to develop a low-cost GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver for marine applications is presented. The unit described is a highly digital, mostly one bit, software intensive receiver. The unit uses one RF mixer to baseband, a one-bit 2-MHz A/D (analog-to-digital converter), and five digital parallel signal processing channels. An AMLE (approximate maximum likelihood estimator) technique is used to acquire signals, and low dynamic loops are used for tracking. General principles guiding the design and a description of the receiver are given.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121801025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Lohrenz, P.B. Wischow, H. Rosche, M.E. Trenchard, L. Riedlinger
{"title":"The compressed aeronautical chart database: support of naval aircraft's digital moving map systems","authors":"M. Lohrenz, P.B. Wischow, H. Rosche, M.E. Trenchard, L. Riedlinger","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66159","url":null,"abstract":"The trend trend toward the electronic display of aeronautical charts for mission planning and navigation in military aircraft is discussed. With the installation of the Digital Moving Map System (DMS) in the AV-8B Harrier, the US Navy has taken the first step toward the widespread use of electronic navigational charts in its aircraft. In order to maximize the benefits from these systems, a new map image database has been specifically designed to meet the requirements of the DMS. The Naval Oceanographic Laboratory and Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NOARL) is creating a compressed aeronautical chart database by compressing and transforming scanner chart data into a format that is compatible with the aircraft DMS. Image compression techniques have been chosen to allow rapid decompression and display while maximizing image quality.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124060841","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Modern aviation weather systems for efficient flight management","authors":"P. Mahapatra, D. Zrnic","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66214","url":null,"abstract":"Weather effects on aviation are summarized, and aviation-significant atmospheric processed are briefly discussed. In situ sensing of surface wind shear is reviewed. The role of Doppler weather radars as aviation weather sensors is discussed, and three currently evolving Doppler radar systems-NEXRAD, TDWR, and ASR-9-are briefly described with regard to their role in flight management. The uses of each system are outlined. Emphasis is placed on automated generation of high-level products and displays. The influence of these instrument systems on flight management is discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127185182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Application of a novel multi-stage signal parameter estimator to high dynamic GPS receivers","authors":"R. Kumar","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66173","url":null,"abstract":"The performance of a novel multistage estimator when applied to the estimation of the position, velocity, and acceleration of high dynamic Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers is discussed. For the present application, a two-stage specialization of the more general estimation scheme is considered, wherein the first-stage algorithm is selected to be a modified least-squares algorithm operating upon the differential signal model and referred to as differential least-squares (DLS) and the second stage is simply an extended Kalman filter (EKF). In terms of the threshold on received carrier power-to-noise power spectral density ratio (CNR), when compared to the single-stage EKF algorithm, the DLS-EKF algorithm is about 1.5-2.0 dB better in terms of threshold and outperforms the crossproduct AFC (automatic frequency control) loop by 2-5 dB. For the case when data modulation is present, the proposed scheme provides an improvement of about dB in terms of CNR compared to an earlier approximate MLE (maximum likelihood estimation) scheme. There are also very significant improvements in terms of other performance measures.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127285438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improved landing aid availability through the use of new criteria","authors":"R. Mcfarland","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66230","url":null,"abstract":"A relatively new approach and concept that is being used to qualify the ILS (instrument landing system) glide slope for operational use is presented. It is argued that greater availability of ILS components means a higher level of safety. A proposal is also presented for consideration of a new standard which will also allow for still greater availability. This relates to lateral coverage requirements for glide slopes. It is concluded that, with new criteria, greater availability is present, improved standards are in place, and the public is better served, not only with greater safety, but also with increased reliability of air travel schedules.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132189324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Omega signal coverage prediction in the 1990s","authors":"R. Warren, P. B. Morris, K. Tench, R.R. Gupta","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66237","url":null,"abstract":"The evolution of Omega signal coverage portrayal is briefly traced from the early compilation of hard copy world maps to the current electronic format, with emphasis on the display medium rather than the scientific bases of signal coverage. The outlook for Omega signal coverage displays in the 1990s is examined on the basis of projections of current technology and user requirements. Future coverage displays are expected to do more than indicate the available station signals at a selected geographic location: Omega coverage displays of the 1990s are likely to include increased time resolution, attainable position accuracy, probability of station signal outage (due to station off-air, local noise spikes, or propagation effects), and coverage during anomalous ionospheric events.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125693288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"COTS GPS C/A-code receivers with pseudolites for range PLS application","authors":"B. Stein, W. Tsang","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66176","url":null,"abstract":"The authors evaluate the concept of a GPS-instrumented PLS (position location system) solution using commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) GPS (Global Positioning System) equipment. Benefits of the solution include cost savings, nonexisting security issues, smaller size, reduced weight, and less consumed power. The COTS GPS-instrumented PLS derives its accurate positioning location by employing pseudolites for broadcast of differential corrections to players within their localized coverage areas. The pseudolite also provides for an added source of ranging information to enhance GPS system coverage and availability. Blockage and physical effects are modeled in the evaluation of the connectivity among range players supplemented with pseudolites. It is shown that COTS GPS equipment could meet the PLS size, weight, and power requirements, as well as accurate positioning specifications with differential GPS operation using pseudolites. A cost/performance tradeoff supports the viability and applicability of this solution.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"131 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114095601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mathematica with applications to plans","authors":"L.T. Doty","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66169","url":null,"abstract":"Mathematica is a computer program that does symbolic and algebraic operations as well as numeric calculations and graphics. The author gives a brief introduction into its capabilities and illustrates its power for engineering applications, including an example of static covariance analysis.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115401910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Worldwide differential GPS for Space Shuttle landing operations","authors":"P. Loomis, R. Denaro, P. Saunders","doi":"10.1109/PLANS.1990.66233","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PLANS.1990.66233","url":null,"abstract":"A worldwide differential Global Positioning System (WWDGPS) is viewed as an effective method of offering continuous high-quality navigation worldwide. The concept utilizes a network with as few as 33 ground stations to observe most of the error sources of GPS and to provide error corrections to users on a worldwide basis. The WWDGPS real-time GPS tracking concept promises a threefold or fourfold improvement in accuracy for authorized dual-frequency users, and in addition maintains an accurate and current ionosphere model for single-frequency users. A real-time global tracking network also has the potential to reverse declarations of 'poor health' of marginal satellites, increasing the number of satellites in the constellation And lessening the probability of GPS navigation outage. For Space Shuttle operations, the use of WWDGPS-aided P-code equipment promises performance equal to or better than other current landing guidance systems in terms of accuracy and reliability. This performance comes at significantly less cost to NASA, which will participate as a customer in a system designed as a commercial operation serving the global civil navigation community.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":156436,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Position Location and Navigation. A Decade of Excellence in the Navigation Sciences","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129772705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}