Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-24DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106153
Woosik Gong , Myung Hwan Seo
{"title":"Bootstraps for dynamic panel threshold models","authors":"Woosik Gong , Myung Hwan Seo","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106153","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106153","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper develops valid bootstrap inference methods for the dynamic short panel threshold regression. We show that the standard nonparametric bootstrap is inconsistent for the first-differenced generalized method of moments (GMM) estimator. The inconsistency arises from an <span><math><msup><mrow><mi>n</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math></span>-consistent non-normal asymptotic distribution of the threshold estimator when the true parameter lies in the continuity region of the parameter space, which stems from the rank deficiency of the approximate Jacobian of the sample moment conditions on the continuity region. To address this, we propose a grid bootstrap to construct confidence intervals for the threshold and a residual bootstrap to construct confidence intervals for the coefficients. They are shown to be valid regardless of the model’s continuity. Moreover, we establish a uniform validity for the grid bootstrap. A set of Monte Carlo experiments compares the proposed bootstraps with the standard nonparametric bootstrap. An empirical application to a firm investment model illustrates our methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106153"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145621625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106183
Xun Lu , Liangjun Su , Yinglong Ba
{"title":"On generalized CCE estimation","authors":"Xun Lu , Liangjun Su , Yinglong Ba","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106183","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widely-used common correlated effects (CCE) estimator, pioneered by Pesaran (2006), is computed using least squares applied to auxiliary regressions where the observed regressors are augmented with cross-sectional averages of the dependent variable and regressors. However, the CCE estimator requires a crucial rank condition and becomes inconsistent when this condition is violated and the factor loadings of the <em>x</em>- and <em>y</em> -equations are correlated, causing an endogeneity issue. This paper proposes a generalized CCE (GCCE) estimator by augmenting the regression with both cross-sectional and time-series averages of the regressors. We argue that the time-series average can serve as “control variables” to address the endogeneity issue. We show that the GCCE and CCE estimators are asymptotically equivalent when the rank condition holds, and the GCCE estimator remains consistent even when the rank condition is violated under our “control variable” condition. Therefore, our GCCE estimator is doubly robust, achieving consistency under either the rank condition or the “control variable” condition. Furthermore, we propose a leave-one-out jackknife method to conduct valid inferences regardless of whether the rank condition holds. Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate excellent performance of our estimators and inference methods in finite samples. We apply our new methods to two datasets to estimate the production function and gravity equation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106183"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-04DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106179
Xinbing Kong, Tong Zhang
{"title":"Estimation and inference for large-dimensional generalized matrix factor models","authors":"Xinbing Kong, Tong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article introduces a nonlinear generalized matrix factor model, moving beyond the linear-Gaussian framework to accommodate a broader class of response models typically handled via logit, probit, Poisson, or Tobit structures. We introduce a novel Lagrange multiplier method carefully tailored to ensure that the penalized likelihood function is locally concave around the true factor and loading parameters. This leads to central limit theorems of the estimated factors and loadings which is nontrivial for nonlinear matrix factor modeling. We establish the convergence rates of the estimated factor and loading matrices for the generalized matrix factor model under general conditions that allow for correlations across samples, rows, and columns. We provide a model selection criterion to determine the numbers of row and column factors. Extensive simulation studies demonstrate the superiority in handling discrete and mixed-type variables of the generalized matrix factor model. An empirical data analysis of the company’s operating performance shows that the generalized matrix factor model does clustering and reconstruction well in the presence of discontinuous entries in the data matrix.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106179"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145938557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-20DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106131
Felipe Asencio , Alejandro Bernales , Daniel González , Richard Holowczak , Thanos Verousis
{"title":"Decomposing informed trading in equity options","authors":"Felipe Asencio , Alejandro Bernales , Daniel González , Richard Holowczak , Thanos Verousis","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106131","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106131","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We develop a multi-asset model to decompose informed trading into the components concerning the underlying stock-value and the volatility in equity options. We isolate the stock-value and volatility components by characterizing their distinct intraday price responses in contracts with different option <em>deltas</em> and <em>vegas</em>, respectively. The stock-value (volatility) component represents on average 41 % (19 %) of the option spread, which remains substantial under various statistical validity analyses and robustness checks. In daily empirical applications, we also show that volatility-informed trading anticipates a 'Volmageddon' high-volatility event, and straddle trades are positively associated with volatility-informed trading.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106131"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106174
Konrad Menzel
{"title":"Strategic network formation with many agents","authors":"Konrad Menzel","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We derive asymptotic approximations for models of strategic network formation, where limits are taken as the number of nodes (agents) increases to infinity. Our framework assumes a random utility model where agents have heterogeneous tastes over links, and payoffs allow for anonymous and non-anonymous interaction effects, and the observed network is assumed to be pairwise stable. Our main results concern convergence of the link intensity from finite pairwise stable networks to the (many-player) limiting distribution. The set of possible limiting distributions is shown to have a fairly simple form and is characterized through aggregate equilibrium conditions, which may permit multiple solutions. We illustrate how these formal results can be used to analyze identification of link preferences and estimate or bound preference parameters. We also derive an analytical expression for agents’ welfare (expected surplus) from the structure of the network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106174"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-16DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106185
Wayne Yuan Gao , Rui Wang
{"title":"Identification in nonlinear dynamic panel models under partial stationarity","authors":"Wayne Yuan Gao , Rui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2026.106185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides a general identification approach for a wide range of nonlinear panel data models, including binary choice, ordered response, and other types of limited dependent variable models. Our approach accommodates dynamic models with any number of lagged dependent variables as well as other types of endogenous covariates. Our identification strategy relies on a partial stationarity condition, which allows for not only an unknown distribution of errors, but also temporal dependencies in errors. We derive partial identification results under flexible model specifications and establish sharpness of our identified set in the binary choice setting. We demonstrate the robust finite-sample performance of our approach using Monte Carlo simulations, and apply the approach to the empirical analysis of income categories using various ordered choice models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106185"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145976961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-14DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106124
Hyunseok Jung , Xiaodong Liu
{"title":"Testing for peer effects without specifying the network structure","authors":"Hyunseok Jung , Xiaodong Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106124","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106124","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper proposes an Anderson–Rubin (AR) test for the presence of peer effects in panel data without the need to specify the network structure. The unrestricted model of our test is a linear panel data model of social interactions with dyad-specific peer effect coefficients for all potential peers. The proposed AR test evaluates if these peer effect coefficients are all zero. As the number of peer effect coefficients increases with the sample size, so does the number of instrumental variables (IVs) employed to test the restrictions under the null, rendering a many-IV environment of Bekker (1994). By extending existing many-IV asymptotic results to panel data, we establish the asymptotic validity of the proposed AR test. Our Monte Carlo simulations show the robustness and improved performance of the proposed test compared to some existing tests with misspecified networks. We provide two applications to demonstrate its empirical relevance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106124"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-31DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106177
Shuping Shi , Peter C.B. Phillips
{"title":"Uncovering mild drift in asset prices with intraday high-frequency data","authors":"Shuping Shi , Peter C.B. Phillips","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106177","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106177","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Asset prices are commonly represented as a drift-diffusion process, wherein the drift component denotes the anticipated return of the asset within some time frame, while the diffusion component accommodates random shocks. The drift component has substantial practical significance but accurate estimation is typically challenging and has met with limited success in the existing literature except over large time spans. This paper explores a comprehensive range of drift-diffusion models that include constant, linear, trending, and bursting drift. Conditions are identified under which realized squared drift <span><math><mi>RSD</mi></math></span> is a reliable tool for gauging integrated squared drift when the time span <em>T<sub>n</sub></em> is large enough. The recently introduced drift-robust quarticity estimator <span><math><mi>RiceQ</mi></math></span> is found to retain consistency under twin asymptotics with <em>T<sub>n</sub></em> → ∞ and infill Δ<sub><em>n</em></sub> → 0, subject to some constraints on the divergence rate of <em>T<sub>n</sub></em> across different drift specifications. An inferential method of detecting nonzero drift using <span><math><mi>RSD</mi></math></span> and <span><math><mi>RiceQ</mi></math></span> is proposed and the drift tests are shown to be consistent under different data generating processes with various conditions on <em>T<sub>n</sub></em>. Simulation studies reveal excellent performance of the realized squared drift measure and the drift test in finite samples. The drift test is demonstrated empirically in real-time surveillance of market abnormalities in the Nasdaq Composite Index over two notable sample periods: the dotcom bubble (1996–2003) and the artificial intelligence boom (2016–2024), using intraday data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106177"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145880563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-19DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106130
David W. Hughes
{"title":"A jackknife bias correction for nonlinear network data models with fixed effects","authors":"David W. Hughes","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106130","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106130","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>I introduce a new method for bias correction of dyadic models with agent-specific fixed effects, including the dyadic link formation model with homophily and degree heterogeneity. The proposed approach uses a jackknife procedure to deal with the incidental parameters problem. The method can be applied to both directed and undirected networks, allows for non-binary outcome variables, and can be used to bias correct estimates of average effects and counterfactual outcomes. I also show how the jackknife can be used to bias correct fixed-effect averages over functions that depend on multiple nodes, e.g. triads or tetrads in the network. As an example, I implement specification tests for dependence across dyads, such as reciprocity or transitivity. Finally, I demonstrate the usefulness of the estimator in an application to a gravity model for import/export relationships across countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106130"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145577889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of EconometricsPub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-11-12DOI: 10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106133
Markus Bibinger , Nikolaus Hautsch , Alexander Ristig
{"title":"Jump detection in high-frequency order prices","authors":"Markus Bibinger , Nikolaus Hautsch , Alexander Ristig","doi":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106133","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jeconom.2025.106133","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We propose methods to infer jumps of a semi-martingale, which describes long-term price dynamics, based on discrete, noisy, high-frequency observations. Different to the classical model of additive, centered market microstructure noise, we consider one-sided microstructure noise for order prices in a limit order book.</div><div>We develop methods to estimate, locate and test for jumps using local minima of best ask quotes. We provide a local jump test and show that we can consistently estimate jump sizes and jump times. One main contribution is a global test for jumps. We establish the asymptotic properties and optimality of this test. We derive the asymptotic distribution of a maximum statistic under the null hypothesis of no jumps based on extreme value theory. We prove consistency under the alternative hypothesis. The rate of convergence for local alternatives is determined and shown to be much faster than optimal rates for the standard market microstructure noise model. This allows the identification of smaller jumps. In the process, we establish uniform consistency for spot volatility estimation under one-sided noise. Online jump detection based on the new approach is shown to achieve a speed advantage compared to standard methods applied to mid quotes.</div><div>A simulation study sheds light on the finite-sample implementation and properties of the new approach and draws a comparison to a popular method for market microstructure noise. We showcase how our new approach helps to improve jump detection in an empirical analysis of intra-daily limit order book data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15629,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Econometrics","volume":"253 ","pages":"Article 106133"},"PeriodicalIF":4.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145486066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}