Yuval Avidan, Vsevolod Tabachnikov, Orel Ben Court, Razi Khoury, Amir Aker
{"title":"In the face of confounders: Atrial fibrillation detection - Practitioners vs. ChatGPT.","authors":"Yuval Avidan, Vsevolod Tabachnikov, Orel Ben Court, Razi Khoury, Amir Aker","doi":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153851","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in clinical practice, yet interpretation concerns among healthcare providers persist. Confounding factors contribute to false-positive and false-negative AF diagnoses, leading to potential omissions. Artificial intelligence advancements show promise in electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation. We sought to examine the diagnostic accuracy of ChatGPT-4omni (GPT-4o), equipped with image evaluation capabilities, in interpreting ECGs with confounding factors and compare its performance to that of physicians.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Twenty ECG cases, divided into Group A (10 cases of AF or atrial flutter) and Group B (10 cases of sinus or another atrial rhythm), were crafted into multiple-choice questions. Total of 100 practitioners (25 from each: emergency medicine, internal medicine, primary care, and cardiology) were tasked to identify the underlying rhythm. Next, GPT-4o was prompted in five separate sessions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>GPT-4o performed inadequately, averaging 3 (±2) in Group A questions and 5.40 (±1.34) in Group B questions. Upon examining the accuracy of the total ECG questions, no significant difference was found between GPT-4o, internists, and primary care physicians (p = 0.952 and = 0.852, respectively). Cardiologists outperformed other medical disciplines and GPT-4o (p < 0.001), while emergency physicians followed in accuracy, though comparison to GPT-4o only indicated a trend (p = 0.068).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>GPT-4o demonstrated suboptimal accuracy with significant under- and over-recognition of AF in ECGs with confounding factors. Despite its potential as a supportive tool for ECG interpretation, its performance did not surpass that of medical practitioners, underscoring the continued importance of human expertise in complex diagnostics.</p>","PeriodicalId":15606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrocardiology","volume":"88 ","pages":"153851"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142818416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sudipta Mondal, N Sharath, Jyothi Vijay, Narayanan Namboodiri
{"title":"Triple pacing spikes on QRST: What is the mechanism?","authors":"Sudipta Mondal, N Sharath, Jyothi Vijay, Narayanan Namboodiri","doi":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153849","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A septuagenarian man underwent dual chamber pacemaker (DDDR - Boston Scientific Massachusetts, U.S.) insertion for a complete heart block. Intra-procedural lead parameters were within normal limits. Frequent multisite origin premature ventricular complexes were noted even on pre-procedural electrocardiogram (ECG). On the follow-up ECG one pacing spike on the QRS of the first beat was followed by two pacing spikes on the T wave with a total of three pacing spikes on the whole QRST of the first complex. What is the mechanism?</p>","PeriodicalId":15606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrocardiology","volume":"88 ","pages":"153849"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142817892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mert Doğan, Uğur Canpolat, Cem Çöteli, Hikmet Yorgun, Kudret Aytemir
{"title":"Immediate changes in depolarization and repolarization after left bundle branch area pacing and atrioventricular nodal ablation.","authors":"Mert Doğan, Uğur Canpolat, Cem Çöteli, Hikmet Yorgun, Kudret Aytemir","doi":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153847","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Malignant arrhythmia due to ventricular depolarization and repolarization alterations after atrioventricular node (AVN) ablation is a known clinical entity. Here, we aimed to demonstrate the ventricular depolarization and repolarization changes in patients who underwent left bundle branch area pacing (LBBaP) and AVN ablation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a single-center, retrospective preliminary study (n = 10). All patients underwent single-chamber pacemaker implantation with LBBaP before the AVN ablation procedure. Electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters [QRS duration (QRSd), QTc (Fridericia formula), Tp-e, and JT interval] were measured and analyzed before and after the procedure.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the study population was 67.1 ± 8.88 years, and 70 % of the patients were female. 60 % of the patients had AF, and 40 % of them had atrial tachycardia during the procedures. Eight patients had undergone more than two catheter ablations before the procedure. The QT interval (263.47 ± 26.79 vs. 416.14 ± 36.31 msec) and QRSd (93.3 ± 7.3 vs. 122.32 ± 21.16 msec) were prolonged when the patient's ECG parameters were analyzed. Still, the Tp-Te interval (75.57 ± 18.62 vs. 80.93 ± 17.35 msec) did not change, and the QTc (Fridericia formula) interval (425 ± 29.82 vs. 461.70 ± 35.33 msec) did not show a significant difference.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Malignant arrhythmia may occur due to ventricular depolarization and repolarization changes after the AVN ablation procedure. This study showed no significant change in Tp-e and QTc durations previously defined for malignant arrhythmia development. At the same time, JT time, which indicates ventricular repolarization duration, did not show a significant difference. LBBaP is more physiological and safer for patients planning to undergo AVN ablation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrocardiology","volume":"88 ","pages":"153847"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142780387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrei D Margulescu, Diluka Amila Premawardhana, Dewi E Thomas
{"title":"Prevalence and severity of QT prolongation and other ECG abnormalities in takotsubo syndrome.","authors":"Andrei D Margulescu, Diluka Amila Premawardhana, Dewi E Thomas","doi":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The prevalence and severity of QT interval prolongation (long QT, LQT) in takotsubo syndrome (TS) is not well described.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective cohort study of all patients admitted in our Centre between January 2019 and December 2023 with confirmed TS. QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) (Bazzett formula) was measured manually in all available ECGs. Presence of other ECG abnormalities (T-wave inversion (TWI), ST segment elevation (STE), ST segment depression (STD)) were also recorded.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifty-eight patients were included, all women (68 ± 11 years). Fifty-six patients (96.6 %) had classical, apical ballooning form of TS. Symptoms included chest pain (93.1 %), dyspnoea (10.3 %), and others (5.2 %). Triggers were present in 70.7 % of patients. Three-hundred-and-thirty ECGs were analysed. LQT was infrequent in the first 3 h after symptom onset (23.5 % of patients), and was only mild. However, between 24 and 48 h after symptom onset, 90.9 % of patients developed LQT, which was severe (≥500 ms) in 63.6 % of patients. LQT prevalence decreased afterwards but QTc did not return to normal in 40.0 % of patients, and remained severely prolonged in 11.4 % of patients beyond 96 h. ECG was normal in 40.5 % of patients in the first 6 h. TWI was the predominant ECG change, and its prevalence increased from 16.7 % within the first 6 h to 76.9 % after 7 days. STE was present in 31.4 % of patients in the first 96 h, but was rare in isolation. Isolated STD did not occur.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>LQT is almost universally seen in patients with TS within the first 96 h after symptom onset, and is severe in the majority. ECGs abnormalities in TS are highly dynamic, but ECGs are frequently normal in the first 6 h after symptom onset. Patients should be monitored for at least 96 h after symptom onset, and until QTc falls below 500 ms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrocardiology","volume":"88 ","pages":"153848"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142769347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martina Doneda, Ettore Lanzarone, Claudio Giberti, Cecilia Vernia, Andi Vjerdha, Federico Silipo, Paolo Giovanardi
{"title":"An ECG-based machine-learning approach for mortality risk assessment in a large European population.","authors":"Martina Doneda, Ettore Lanzarone, Claudio Giberti, Cecilia Vernia, Andi Vjerdha, Federico Silipo, Paolo Giovanardi","doi":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153850","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aims: </strong>Through a simple machine learning approach, we aimed to assess the risk of all-cause mortality after 5 years in a European population, based on electrocardiogram (ECG) parameters, age, and sex.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study included patients between 40 and 90 years old who underwent ECG recording between January 2008 and October 2022 in the metropolitan area of Modena, Italy. Exclusion criteria established a patient cohort without severe ECG abnormalities, namely, tachyarrhythmias, bradyarrhythmias, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, second- or third- degree AV block, bundle-branch blocks, more than three premature beats, poor signal quality, and presence of pacemakers and implantable cardioverter- defibrillators. Mortality was assessed using a set of logistic regression models, differentiated by age group, to which the Akaike Information Criterion was applied. Model fitting was evaluated using confusion matrix-related performance metrics, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC), and the predictive significance against the no-information rate (NIR).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>53692 patients were enrolled, of whom 14353 (26.73 %) died within 5 years of ECG registration. The logistic regression model distinguished between those who died and those who survived based on the predicted mortality probability for all age groups, obtaining a significant difference between the predicted mortality and the NIR in 14 of the 55 age groups. Good accuracy and performance metrics were observed, resulting in an average AUC of 0.779.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The proposed model showed a good predictive performance in patients without severe ECG abnormalities. Therefore, this study highlights the potential of ECGs as prognostic rather than diagnostic tools.</p>","PeriodicalId":15606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrocardiology","volume":"88 ","pages":"153850"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142822274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vladimir Shusterman , Cees A. Swenne , Stacy Hoffman , Patrick J. Strollo , Barry London
{"title":"Tracking autonomic nervous system activity using surface ECG: Personalized, multiparametric evaluation","authors":"Vladimir Shusterman , Cees A. Swenne , Stacy Hoffman , Patrick J. Strollo , Barry London","doi":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153837","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153837","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present a concise review of the background, pitfalls, and potential solutions for the noninvasive evaluation and continuous tracking of cardiac autonomic nervous system activity (ANSA), using surface-ECG-accessible parameters, including heart rate (HR), heart-rate variability (HRV), and cardiac repolarization. These parameters have provided insights into the dynamics of cardiac ANSA in controlled experiments and have proved useful in risk assessment with respect to sudden cardiac death and all-cause mortality in some patient populations, as well as in implantable device programming. Yet attempts to translate these parameters from the laboratory environment to ambulatory settings have been hampered by the presence of multiple uncontrolled factors, including changes in blood pressure, body position, physical activity, and respiration frequency. We show that a single-parameter-based, simplified cardiac ANSA evaluation in an uncontrolled ambulatory setting could be inaccurate, and we discuss several approaches to improve accuracy. Discerning cardiac ANSA effects in uncontrolled ambulatory environments requires tracking multiple physiological processes, preferably using multisensor, multiparametric monitoring and controlling some physiological variables (e.g., respiration frequency); data fusion and machine-learning-based analytics are instrumental for developing more accurate personalized ANSA evaluation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrocardiology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 153837"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142746453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neurocardiology: Major mechanisms and effects.","authors":"Cees A Swenne, Vladimir Shusterman","doi":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurocardiology is a broad interdisciplinary specialty investigating how the cardiovascular and nervous systems interact. In this brief introductory review, we describe several key aspects of this interaction with specific attention to cardiovascular effects. The review introduces basic anatomy and discusses physiological mechanisms and effects that play crucial roles in the interaction of the cardiovascular and nervous systems, namely: the cardiac neuraxis, the taxonomy of the nervous system, integration of sensory input in the brainstem, influences of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) on heart and vasculature, the neural pathways and functioning of the arterial baroreflex, receptors and ANS effects in the walls of blood vessels, receptors and ANS effects in excitable cells in the heart, ANS effects on heart rate and sympathovagal balance, endo-epicardial inhomogeneity, ANS effects with a balanced vagal and sympathetic stimulation, sympathovagal interaction, arterial baroreflex, baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability, arrhythmias and the arterial baroreflex, the cardiopulmonary baroreflex, the exercise pressor reflex, exercise-recovery hysteresis, mental stress, cardiac-cardiac reflexes, the cardiac sympathetic afferent reflex (CSAR), and neuromodulation. Also, the potential role of the discussed mechanisms in cardiovascular disorders will be touched upon.</p>","PeriodicalId":15606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrocardiology","volume":"88 ","pages":"153836"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142824345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tipparaju Hasitha MBBS Intern , Nikhil Singhania MBBS, MD , Suresh Kumar Sukumaran MBBS, MD, DM , Raja J. Selvaraj MBBS, MD, DNB, PDF in Cardiac Electrophysiology
{"title":"Ease and accuracy of ECG interpretation using 12-lead ECG versus a combination of 12-lead and vector ECG (electro-vectorcardiogram) by medical students: A prospective, randomised controlled study","authors":"Tipparaju Hasitha MBBS Intern , Nikhil Singhania MBBS, MD , Suresh Kumar Sukumaran MBBS, MD, DM , Raja J. Selvaraj MBBS, MD, DNB, PDF in Cardiac Electrophysiology","doi":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153830","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153830","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Electrocardiogram (ECG) can be visualised either in a scalar form, as waves in the standard 12‑lead ECG, or vectorially, as vector loops in different planes in the Vectorcardiogram (VCG)<strong>.</strong> An Electro-Vectorcardiogram (ECG-VCG) is a graphic visualization combining scalar and vector ECGs. We aimed to assess if integrating the scalar 12‑lead ECG and vector ECG makes ECG interpretation by medical students more accurate, faster, and easier than using 12‑lead ECG alone.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Undergraduate medical students were randomised into ECG group and ECG-VCG group. The students received a web-based tutorial followed by a test. The ECG group were taught with and had to interpret standard 12‑lead ECG images, while the ECG-VCG group were taught and had to interpret ECG-VCG images with two-dimensional VCG panels (frontal and horizontal) of the same diagnosis. On completion, participants reported their ease of interpretation as grades. Test scores, time taken and ease were compared between the groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The study included 296 medical students. The primary outcome, interpretation accuracy (test score out of 10), was significantly greater in the ECG-VCG group (7.34 ± 2.13 vs 6.09 ± 2.34, <em>p</em> < 0.001). The time taken for interpretation was significantly lower and ease of interpretation was significantly greater in the ECG-VCG group.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The use of ECG-VCG to teach undergraduate medical students can outperform the 12‑lead ECG in terms of accuracy, speed and ease.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrocardiology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 153830"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142721598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical value of portable 12-lead electrocardiography devices in patients with heart disease: A validation study.","authors":"Xiuyan Lu, Qiuhuan Wang, Xiujie Sun, Yibing Shao, Wenbo Jiang","doi":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153835","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present study was conducted to assess the accuracy and reliability of portable 12‑lead electrocardiography (ECG) devices in patients with heart disease.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This single-center, prospective, blinded study enrolled 62 patients between September and October 2023 from the Heart Center of a Class III hospital. In sequential tests on each patient, heart rate (HR) and the PR, QT, QTc and QRS intervals of ECG recordings obtained with a portable 12‑lead device (Weheal, CN) were compared with those obtained via conventional 12‑lead ECG. ECG parameters were read in batches by 3 blinded electrophysiologists. Two-tailed paired t-tests were used to compare the continuous variables. Agreement was evaluated via Bland-Altman plots.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixty-two patients were included. HR and the QT, QTc and QRS intervals from the portable 12‑lead electrocardiogram recordings were essentially the same as those obtained via conventional ECG. Bland-Altman analysis revealed no significant differences in these values, indicating suitable agreement between the 2 measurements. The PR interval was 176.89 ± 29.53 ms in the portable group and 161.56 ± 17.78 ms in the standard group, which was statistically (p < 0.001) but not clinically significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>ECG recordings obtained with a portable 12‑lead device (Weheal, CN) allow for accurate HR, PR, QT, QTc and QRS assessments. Considering its simplicity, this approach has advantages over conventional ECG and can provide an alternative for evaluating patients outside the hospital. How to improve patients' acceptance of portable ECG machines still needs further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":15606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrocardiology","volume":"88 ","pages":"153835"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142785827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Akira Sato , Takuya Takahashi , Seiko Kuwata , Satoshi Nakano , Junichi Koizumi , Hirofumi Saiki , Manami Akasaka
{"title":"Electrical storm induced by premature ventricular beat with extremely short coupling interval in a patient with long QT syndrome type 3","authors":"Akira Sato , Takuya Takahashi , Seiko Kuwata , Satoshi Nakano , Junichi Koizumi , Hirofumi Saiki , Manami Akasaka","doi":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153833","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2024.153833","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Here we report the case of a 10-year-old boy with long QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3) who developed refractory torsade de pointes (TdP) associated with ventricular arrhythmia with a short coupling time (VASCT). After implantable cardioverter-defibrillator replacement, an electrical storm occurred, which was irresponsive to the ventricular pacing as high as 120 bpm. Close inspection of the intracardiac potential revealed TdP associated with VASCT. Dexmedetomidine and verapamil were effective in controlling TdP, which allowed management with slower ventricular pace. Our case highlights the importance of focusing on ventricular arrhythmias particularly those with short coupling interval, in LQT3 with refractory TdP. (99 words).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15606,"journal":{"name":"Journal of electrocardiology","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 153833"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142699142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}