Journal of Dental Research最新文献

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A Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial of Silver Diamine Fluoride vs Atraumatic Restoration in Older Adults 老年人氟化二胺银与非创伤性修复的集群随机临床试验
IF 7.6 1区 医学
Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/00220345261429949
S. Nelson, J.M. Albert, D. Selvaraj, P. Milgrom, H. Momotaz, S. Curtan, K. Hickey, P. Weishampel, G. Bales, A. Dubaniewicz, J. Chao
{"title":"A Cluster-Randomized Clinical Trial of Silver Diamine Fluoride vs Atraumatic Restoration in Older Adults","authors":"S. Nelson, J.M. Albert, D. Selvaraj, P. Milgrom, H. Momotaz, S. Curtan, K. Hickey, P. Weishampel, G. Bales, A. Dubaniewicz, J. Chao","doi":"10.1177/00220345261429949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345261429949","url":null,"abstract":"Untreated dental caries, a chronic disease linked to systemic health, is common among older adults due to a lack of dental insurance and affordable dental care. Minimally invasive interventions such as silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and atraumatic restorative treatments (ARTs) have been recommended by the World Health Organization to control caries where evidence is lacking in older adults. This cluster-randomized clinical trial tested the noninferiority of SDF vs ART in caries arrest (primary) and prevention (secondary) at 52 wk. Older adults ≥62 y living in 33 subsidized housing facilities were enrolled at baseline, with follow-up visits at 26 and 52 wk. Participants in the intervention arm received biannual topical application of 38% SDF, and the control arm received ART with glass ionomer cement (+2.5% sodium fluoride varnish). Caries arrest and new caries were determined through examinations conducted by hygienists utilizing criteria from the International Caries Detection and Assessment System. The noninferiority margin was 10% of the effectiveness of the control treatment. Among a total of 568 enrolled participants (intervention: 18 sites, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n</jats:italic> = 346; control: 15 sites, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n</jats:italic> = 222), 51% were female and 66% were Black; the mean ± SD age was 69.6 ± 6.8 y. Caries arrest at 52 wk was 88% in the intervention arm vs 92% in the control arm (difference, −0.04; 95% CI, −0.08 to 0.01). After adjusting for sociodemographics, a linear model with generalized estimating equations yielded an estimated treatment difference of −0.05 (95% CI, −0.09 to −0.01). The mean number of new decayed/carious lesions at 52 wk was 0.67 ± 1.72 for the intervention arm and 0.66 ± 1.71 for the control arm (difference, 0.01; 95% CI, −0.31 to 0.32). Results for both outcomes indicated noninferiority of 38% SDF at 52 wk. Findings support the use of a simple topical biannual 38% SDF treatment to control caries in clinical and public health settings, which can be delivered by dental and medical clinicians (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03916926).","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Methodological Appraisal of Tooth Loss and Dementia Mortality 牙齿脱落和痴呆死亡率的方法学评价
IF 7.6 1区 医学
Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/00220345261428077
G. Wang
{"title":"Methodological Appraisal of Tooth Loss and Dementia Mortality","authors":"G. Wang","doi":"10.1177/00220345261428077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345261428077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Understanding Fluoride Hesitancy: A Qualitative Scoping Review 了解氟化物犹豫:定性范围审查
IF 7.6 1区 医学
Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/00220345261428043
S.M.S. Chen, Y.J. Ong, L.Y. Soh, A.H.C. Tay, D.Y. Chow, J.R.H. Tay
{"title":"Understanding Fluoride Hesitancy: A Qualitative Scoping Review","authors":"S.M.S. Chen, Y.J. Ong, L.Y. Soh, A.H.C. Tay, D.Y. Chow, J.R.H. Tay","doi":"10.1177/00220345261428043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345261428043","url":null,"abstract":"Fluoride is widely regarded within dentistry and public health as a safe and effective measure for preventing dental caries. Public ambivalence toward fluoride has intensified in recent years, reflected in ongoing disputes over water fluoridation. This scoping review synthesizes qualitative evidence on how fluoride hesitancy is constructed and expressed across social and clinical contexts. Qualitative studies examining perceptions, beliefs, and decision-making related to fluoride use were identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and CINAHL to April 2025. Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria. Data were extracted using a standardized charting approach and synthesized through an inductive, grounded theory–informed thematic analysis supported by constant comparison and reflexive memoing. Five interconnected domains of hesitancy were identified: (1) perceptions of fluoride as harmful or toxic; (2) uncertainty about benefits or necessity; (3) mistrust of scientific, professional, or governmental institutions; (4) ethical concerns regarding autonomy, consent, and environmental integrity; and (5) discomfort with specific delivery modalities paired with preferences for alternatives. Hesitancy was shaped not only by information but also by emotional responses, lived experience, parenting norms, online discourse, and interpretations of institutional credibility. Across studies, decisions about fluoride reflected broader efforts to navigate uncertainty, protect children, and maintain control over health choices. Fluoride hesitancy is a multifaceted interpretive process rather than a simple knowledge deficit. Addressing it requires approaches that pair clear scientific communication with attention to trust, autonomy, and the social contexts in which preventive recommendations are received. Strategies that acknowledge experiential perspectives and increase transparency around policy decisions may enhance the credibility and uptake of fluoride guidance, but some degree of hesitancy is likely to persist given wider environments of uneven trust and contested information.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Target Trial Emulation to Assess Oral Drug Safety 口服药物安全性评价的目标试验模拟
IF 7.6 1区 医学
Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/00220345261429938
I. Leiva-Escobar, A. Puzhakkara Chennas, S.L. Reckelkamm, L. Gelberg, S.-E. Baumeister, M. Nolde
{"title":"Target Trial Emulation to Assess Oral Drug Safety","authors":"I. Leiva-Escobar, A. Puzhakkara Chennas, S.L. Reckelkamm, L. Gelberg, S.-E. Baumeister, M. Nolde","doi":"10.1177/00220345261429938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345261429938","url":null,"abstract":"Trials that use a randomization process are preferred for evaluating causal effect. However, these interventional studies are not always feasible due to ethical, time, and cost constraints. Additionally, they are often criticized for not accurately representing patients seen in clinical practice. Observational studies can help bridge this gap, but they are often affected by several sources of bias. A growing framework known as target trial emulation (TTE) is increasingly being applied to real-world data to minimize these common biases in observational studies and, under certain conditions, allow for causal interpretation. In this study, we assessed the 5-y effect of thiazide monotherapy, an antihypertensive medication known to cause xerostomia, on the risk of developing dental caries. We applied the target trial framework to build a TTE cohort using an active comparator new user design. We compared thiazide vs nonthiazide monotherapy using electronic health records from the All of Us Research Program. Furthermore, we developed 2 naïve cohorts: a prevalent user cohort, which included existing medication users, and a nonaligned cohort, which was affected by immortal time bias. These cohorts helped illustrate the advantages of TTE. In the TTE cohort, we found no significant difference in the 5-y risk of dental caries between groups, with a risk difference of 0.29% (95% CI, −0.36% to 0.95%). In contrast, the naïve cohorts showed directionally opposite effects, with 5-y risk differences of 0.65% (95% CI, 0.22% to 1.09%) in the prevalent user cohort and −0.24% (95% CI, −0.55% to 0.07%) in the nonaligned cohort, highlighting the impact of design-related biases on the observed outcomes. We demonstrated how the TTE framework can help avoid common biases in observational research, enabling researchers to answer important oral health questions.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Distinct Involvement of X-Inactivation in Organogenesis 器官发生中x -失活的独特参与
IF 7.6 1区 医学
Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/00220345261428392
M. Kawasaki, K. Kawasaki, M. Fukushima, F. Tisna Sari, V. Utama, A. Kesuma, A. Fujita, J. Nihara, K. Ichikawa, T. Kudo, S. Ghafoor, P.T. Sharpe, Y. Fukusumi, H. Kawachi, T. Maeda, B. Franco, A. Ohazama
{"title":"Distinct Involvement of X-Inactivation in Organogenesis","authors":"M. Kawasaki, K. Kawasaki, M. Fukushima, F. Tisna Sari, V. Utama, A. Kesuma, A. Fujita, J. Nihara, K. Ichikawa, T. Kudo, S. Ghafoor, P.T. Sharpe, Y. Fukusumi, H. Kawachi, T. Maeda, B. Franco, A. Ohazama","doi":"10.1177/00220345261428392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345261428392","url":null,"abstract":"X-inactivation is the process of dosage compensation to balance X-linked gene expression levels between females (XX) and males (XY). One of the 2 X-chromosomes is randomly selected for inactivation in each cell during embryogenesis and remains inactive throughout life. Therefore, females have 2 types of cells: those with paternal X-chromosome activation and those with maternal X-chromosome activation. However, it remains unclear how X-inactivation is involved in palate and tooth development. <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ofd1</jats:italic> is located on the X-chromosome. We found cleft palate in all heterozygous <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ofd1</jats:italic> mutant mice ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ofd1</jats:italic> <jats:sup>fl/WT</jats:sup> ; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Wnt1Cre</jats:italic> [HET]), even though some cells should activate the normal X-chromosome due to random X-inactivation. Cells with <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ofd1</jats:italic> mutant X chromosome activation ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ofd1</jats:italic> mutant cells) accumulated at the tip of the palatal shelves due to cell segregation caused by a lack of EFNB1 expression, resulting in a cleft palate in all <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ofd1</jats:italic> <jats:sup>fl/WT</jats:sup> ; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Wnt1Cre</jats:italic> (HET) mice. Unlike the palate, <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ofd1</jats:italic> <jats:sup>fl/WT</jats:sup> ; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Wnt1Cre</jats:italic> (HET) mice showed multiple tooth phenotypes, including extra and absent incisors, while a normal number of incisors was also found. Accumulation of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ofd1</jats:italic> mutant cells also occurred in the tooth mesenchyme, and these clusters of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ofd1</jats:italic> mutant cells failed to initiate incisor tooth formation due to a lack of Wnt signaling. In contrast to palate development, the location of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ofd1</jats:italic> mutant cell clusters differed between <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Ofd1</jats:italic> <jats:sup>fl/WT</jats:sup> ; <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Wnt1Cre</jats:italic> (HET) mice, likely leading to diversity of tooth phenotypes. Thus, X-inactivation exhibits different involvement between palate and tooth development.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Response to Letter to Editor: “Disability Weights for Global Burden Estimation of Orofacial Pain” 对致编辑的信的回复:“用于全球口腔面部疼痛负担估计的残疾权重”
IF 7.6 1区 医学
Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2026-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/00220345261430278
A. Lövgren, P. Liv, J. Durham, D.A.G. Goncalves, F.P. Kapos, S.F. Kothari, M. Drangsholt, C.C. Peck, C.M. Visscher, L. Ong, P. Svensson
{"title":"Response to Letter to Editor: “Disability Weights for Global Burden Estimation of Orofacial Pain”","authors":"A. Lövgren, P. Liv, J. Durham, D.A.G. Goncalves, F.P. Kapos, S.F. Kothari, M. Drangsholt, C.C. Peck, C.M. Visscher, L. Ong, P. Svensson","doi":"10.1177/00220345261430278","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345261430278","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147470878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Exogenous Nitric Oxide in the Treatment of Dental and Oral Diseases 外源性一氧化氮在口腔疾病治疗中的作用
IF 7.6 1区 医学
Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2026-03-16 DOI: 10.1177/00220345261429478
Q. Zhang, L. Lu, C. Liu, X. Zhao, P. Gao, J. Liu
{"title":"Exogenous Nitric Oxide in the Treatment of Dental and Oral Diseases","authors":"Q. Zhang, L. Lu, C. Liu, X. Zhao, P. Gao, J. Liu","doi":"10.1177/00220345261429478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345261429478","url":null,"abstract":"Nitric oxide (NO), a gaseous signaling molecule, is increasingly recognized for its central role in the pathophysiology of dental and oral diseases. Dysregulation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and consequent impairment of endogenous NO production have been implicated in a range of oral conditions. Accordingly, exogenous NO therapy has garnered significant interest due to its broad-spectrum antibacterial, potent anti-inflammatory, tissue-regenerative, and potential antitumor effects. This review provides a comprehensive overview of therapeutic advances in exogenous NO for dental and oral diseases, focusing on underlying mechanisms, such as modulation of the cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate pathway, mediation of S-nitrosylation, activation of the soluble guanylate cyclase–cyclic guanosine monophosphate–protein kinase G pathway, and regulation of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Collectively, these mechanisms confer antimicrobial efficacy, immunomodulation, enhanced periodontal and pulpal tissue repair, and apoptosis induction in oral cancer cells. Various NO delivery platforms, including nanocarriers, hydrogels, implant coatings, and microneedles, are reviewed for their efficacy and application in managing periodontitis, peri-implantitis, dental caries, endodontic and periapical diseases, oral ulcers, orthodontic tooth movement, and oral cancer. Although most of the current evidence is derived from preclinical studies and substantial challenges remain with respect to dosing accuracy and delivery specificity, the unique multitarget properties of exogenous NO highlight its considerable promise as an adjunctive strategy in dental medicine. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive overview that not only advances fundamental understanding of exogenous NO but also promotes its clinical translation for improved management of dental and oral diseases.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147465374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
High-Dimensional Effect Heterogeneity of Tooth Loss on Mortality. 牙齿脱落对死亡率的高维效应异质性。
IF 7.6 1区 医学
Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/00220345251414360
Y Matsuyama,S Kiuchi,T Yamamoto,J Aida
{"title":"High-Dimensional Effect Heterogeneity of Tooth Loss on Mortality.","authors":"Y Matsuyama,S Kiuchi,T Yamamoto,J Aida","doi":"10.1177/00220345251414360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345251414360","url":null,"abstract":"Tooth loss has been associated with increased mortality risk in older adults. This study examined heterogeneity in the association between tooth loss and mortality among older Japanese adults. Data were obtained from 69,265 individuals aged ≥65 y who participated in the 2013 wave of the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Questionnaire survey responses were linked to mortality records from municipal registries for 9 y. The average treatment effect (ATE) of tooth loss (having <20 natural teeth) on all-cause mortality was estimated using a linear probability model with an inverse probability weighting estimator. Heterogeneity in the association was assessed by estimating conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) using the causal forest machine learning algorithm. A set of 44 covariates, including demographic, economic, social, health, and community-related factors, was incorporated as potential drivers of heterogeneity. During the follow-up period, 26.4% of participants with <20 teeth and 14.4% of those with ≥20 teeth died. Tooth loss was significantly associated with increased mortality risk by 3.2 percentage points after adjustment for covariates (average treatment effect = 0.032; 95% confidence interval, 0.023-0.040). A statistically significant heterogeneity in the estimated effects was observed (median CATE = 0.028; interquartile range = 0.010). Greater effects were identified among subgroups characterized by men, poor health status, and lower socioeconomic conditions. Heart disease, sex, and depression were the most influential contributors to this heterogeneity. Tooth loss was associated with mortality risk, with significant variation in the magnitude across population subgroups. Tooth loss may serve as an informative indicator of elevated mortality risk among older adults, particularly among vulnerable subgroups.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"35 1","pages":"220345251414360"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147461759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
MetaDent: Labeling Clinical Images for Vision-Language Models in Dentistry. MetaDent:标记牙科视觉语言模型的临床图像。
IF 7.6 1区 医学
Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/00220345261424242
M-X Li,W-H Deng,Z-X Wu,C-X Jin,J-M Wu,Y Han,J K H Tsoi,G-S Xia,C Huang
{"title":"MetaDent: Labeling Clinical Images for Vision-Language Models in Dentistry.","authors":"M-X Li,W-H Deng,Z-X Wu,C-X Jin,J-M Wu,Y Han,J K H Tsoi,G-S Xia,C Huang","doi":"10.1177/00220345261424242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345261424242","url":null,"abstract":"Vision-language models (VLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in medical image analysis, yet their application in intraoral photography remains largely underexplored due to the lack of fine-grained, annotated datasets and comprehensive benchmarks. To address this, we present MetaDent, a comprehensive resource that includes 1) a novel and large-scale dentistry image dataset collected from clinical, public, and web sources; 2) a semistructured annotation framework designed to capture the hierarchical and clinically nuanced nature of dental photography; and 3) comprehensive benchmark suites for evaluating state-of-the-art VLMs on clinical image understanding. Our labeling approach combines a high-level image summary with point-by-point, free-text descriptions of abnormalities. This method enables rich, scalable, and task-agnostic representations. We curated 60,669 dental images from diverse sources and annotated a representative subset of 2,588 images using this meta-labeling scheme. Leveraging large language models (LLMs), we derive standardized benchmarks: approximately 15,000 visual question answering (VQA) pairs and an 18-class multilabel classification dataset, which we validated with human review and error analysis to justify that the LLM-driven transition reliably preserves fidelity and semantic accuracy. We then evaluate state-of-the-art VLMs across VQA, classification, and image captioning tasks. Quantitative results reveal that even the most advanced models struggle with a fine-grained understanding of intraoral scenes, achieving moderate accuracy (e.g., less than 70% in VQA) and producing inconsistent or incomplete descriptions in image captioning. These findings underscore the gap between general-purpose VLMs and the demands of specialized models, highlighting the need for domain-adapted training and more sophisticated evaluation protocols to assist professional dental practice and community oral health efforts. We publicly release our dataset, annotations, and tools to foster reproducible research and accelerate the development of vision-language systems for dental applications.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"100 1","pages":"220345261424242"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147461776","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Immune Landscape Reveals Biomarkers for High-Risk Oral Tongue Dysplasia. 免疫景观揭示高危口腔舌发育不良的生物标志物。
IF 7.6 1区 医学
Journal of Dental Research Pub Date : 2026-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/00220345251414354
A Sandell,M Giacomini,M Risteli,S Kilpinen,T Salo,A Al-Samadi
{"title":"Immune Landscape Reveals Biomarkers for High-Risk Oral Tongue Dysplasia.","authors":"A Sandell,M Giacomini,M Risteli,S Kilpinen,T Salo,A Al-Samadi","doi":"10.1177/00220345251414354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345251414354","url":null,"abstract":"Oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) is characterized by abnormal structural and cellular changes in the oral mucosa epithelium. These changes are often detected histologically in potentially malignant disorders and are associated with an increased risk of malignant transformation into oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Currently, clinicians rely mainly on the pathologist's histological gradings (binary or tertiary grading systems) to determine the follow-up protocol for patients with OED. However, both histological gradings are rather subjective and not highly reliable. Therefore, there is a need for biomarkers to distinguish high-risk OED cases from low-risk cases. Twelve oral tongue dysplasia samples were collected for multiplex immunostaining. The samples were derived from 7 patients who did not develop OSCC within 5 y of their OED diagnosis (low-risk group, LR) and 5 patients who developed OSCC (high-risk group, HR). Ten antibodies targeting epithelial cells, immune cells, a proliferation marker, and immune checkpoints were used (PanCK, CD4, CD8, CD11b, CD68, CD56, FoxP3, Ki67, PD-1, PD-L1). Uniform manifold approximation and projection generated from multiplex staining revealed distinct differences in the distribution of immune cells and immune checkpoint expression between the LR and HR groups. The HR group showed a higher number of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells and CD68+ macrophages than the LR group. Notably, both PanCK+ epithelial cells and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells exhibited increased proliferation in the HR group, as indicated by Ki67 expression. Additionally, PD-1 expression was significantly elevated in the HR group. The logistics regression model further confirmed the predictive value of individual markers and identified a multimarker model with superior predictive performance. Our multiplex immunostaining revealed significant differences in the immune landscape between LR and HR cases of OED dysplasia. CD8+ cytotoxic T cells, CD68+ macrophages, and PD-1+ cells may serve as potential biomarkers for stratifying HR from LR oral tongue dysplasia cases.","PeriodicalId":15596,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Dental Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"220345251414354"},"PeriodicalIF":7.6,"publicationDate":"2026-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147461777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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