Journal of drug delivery最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Cosmetotextiles with gallic Acid: skin reservoir effect. 含没食子酸的化妆品纺织品:皮肤蓄水池作用。
Journal of drug delivery Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-04-11 DOI: 10.1155/2013/456248
Meritxell Martí, Cristina Alonso, Vanessa Martínez, Manel Lis, Alfons de la Maza, José L Parra, Luisa Coderch
{"title":"Cosmetotextiles with gallic Acid: skin reservoir effect.","authors":"Meritxell Martí,&nbsp;Cristina Alonso,&nbsp;Vanessa Martínez,&nbsp;Manel Lis,&nbsp;Alfons de la Maza,&nbsp;José L Parra,&nbsp;Luisa Coderch","doi":"10.1155/2013/456248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/456248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antioxidant gallic acid (GA) has been incorporated into cotton (CO) and polyamide (PA) through two different vehicles, that is, liposomes and mixed micelles, and their respective absorption/desorption processes have been studied. Moreover, in vitro percutaneous absorption tests of different cosmetotextiles have been performed to demonstrate antioxidant penetration within the layers of the skin. When GA was embedded into the cosmetotextiles, it always promoted a reservoir effect that was much more marked than that observed for polyamide. Similar penetration was observed in the textiles treated with GA in mixed micelles or liposomes in such compartments of the skin as the stratum corneum, epidermis, and even the dermis. GA was detected in receptor fluid only when CO was treated with MM. This methodology may be useful in verifying how encapsulated substances incorporated into textile materials penetrate human skin. Indeed, such materials can be considered strategic delivery systems that release a given active compound into the skin at specific doses.</p>","PeriodicalId":15575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of drug delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/456248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31445160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 18
Infuence of microstructure in drug release behavior of silica nanocapsules. 微观结构对二氧化硅纳米胶囊药物释放行为的影响。
Journal of drug delivery Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-08-06 DOI: 10.1155/2013/803585
Gema Gonzalez, Amaya Sagarzazu, Tamara Zoltan
{"title":"Infuence of microstructure in drug release behavior of silica nanocapsules.","authors":"Gema Gonzalez,&nbsp;Amaya Sagarzazu,&nbsp;Tamara Zoltan","doi":"10.1155/2013/803585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/803585","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Meso- and nanoporous structures are adequate matrices for controlled drug delivery systems, due to their large surface areas and to their bioactive and biocompatibility properties. Mesoporous materials of type SBA-15, synthesized under different pH conditions, and zeolite beta were studied in order to compare the different intrinsic morphological characteristics as pore size, pore connectivity, and pore geometry on the drug loading and release process. These materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, and calorimetric measurements. Ibuprofen (IBU) was chosen as a model drug for the formulation of controlled-release dosage forms; it was impregnated into these two types of materials by a soaking procedure during different periods. Drug loading and release studies were followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. All nano- and mesostructured materials showed a similar loading behavior. It was found that the pore size and Al content strongly influenced the release process. These results suggest that the framework structure and architecture affect the drug adsorption and release properties of these materials. Both materials offer a good potential for a controlled delivery system of ibuprofen. </p>","PeriodicalId":15575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of drug delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/803585","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31691294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 32
Novel oncology therapeutics: targeted drug delivery for cancer. 新型肿瘤治疗:靶向给药癌症。
Journal of drug delivery Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-10-22 DOI: 10.1155/2013/918304
Andreas G Tzakos, Evangelos Briasoulis, Theresia Thalhammer, Walter Jäger, Vasso Apostolopoulos
{"title":"Novel oncology therapeutics: targeted drug delivery for cancer.","authors":"Andreas G Tzakos,&nbsp;Evangelos Briasoulis,&nbsp;Theresia Thalhammer,&nbsp;Walter Jäger,&nbsp;Vasso Apostolopoulos","doi":"10.1155/2013/918304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/918304","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the progress in techniques for cancer prevention, detection, and treatment, as well as for increasing the public awareness in recent years, this disease is projected to become the leading cause of death worldwide. Advancements in omics, analytical procedures, and high throughput screening in the last five years have led to the realization that human diseases and especially cancer are more complex than were originally conceived. Cancer is not a static entity that can be easily monitored and manipulated. It is characterized by a dynamic and time-dependent network of constantly altered molecular and cellular interactions between players in different pathways. This network is not invariable and rigid but is constantly reshaped and altered conforming to the pliable signaling processes/responses implicated. Its complexity is apparent by the fact that the disease state is not a disruption of a single node or specific nodes in the network organism but is organism-patient dependent, thus requiring personalized perspective approaches.","PeriodicalId":15575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of drug delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/918304","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31881164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Recent trends in multifunctional liposomal nanocarriers for enhanced tumor targeting. 增强肿瘤靶向性的多功能脂质体纳米载体的最新进展。
Journal of drug delivery Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-03-07 DOI: 10.1155/2013/705265
Federico Perche, Vladimir P Torchilin
{"title":"Recent trends in multifunctional liposomal nanocarriers for enhanced tumor targeting.","authors":"Federico Perche,&nbsp;Vladimir P Torchilin","doi":"10.1155/2013/705265","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/705265","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Liposomes are delivery systems that have been used to formulate a vast variety of therapeutic and imaging agents for the past several decades. They have significant advantages over their free forms in terms of pharmacokinetics, sensitivity for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy. The multifactorial nature of cancer and the complex physiology of the tumor microenvironment require the development of multifunctional nanocarriers. Multifunctional liposomal nanocarriers should combine long blood circulation to improve pharmacokinetics of the loaded agent and selective distribution to the tumor lesion relative to healthy tissues, remote-controlled or tumor stimuli-sensitive extravasation from blood at the tumor's vicinity, internalization motifs to move from tumor bounds and/or tumor intercellular space to the cytoplasm of cancer cells for effective tumor cell killing. This review will focus on current strategies used for cancer detection and therapy using liposomes with special attention to combination therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":15575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of drug delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/705265","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40229767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 208
A mathematical model for thermosensitive liposomal delivery of Doxorubicin to solid tumour. 阿霉素热敏脂质体给药实体瘤的数学模型。
Journal of drug delivery Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-01-17 DOI: 10.1155/2013/172529
Wenbo Zhan, Xiao Yun Xu
{"title":"A mathematical model for thermosensitive liposomal delivery of Doxorubicin to solid tumour.","authors":"Wenbo Zhan,&nbsp;Xiao Yun Xu","doi":"10.1155/2013/172529","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/172529","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The effectiveness of anticancer treatments is often hampered by the serious side effects owing to toxicity of anticancer drugs and their undesirable uptake by healthy cells in vivo. Thermosensitive liposome-mediated drug delivery has been developed as part of research efforts aimed at improving therapeutic efficacy while reducing the associated side effect. Since multiple steps are involved in the transport of drug-loaded liposomes, drug release, and its uptake, mathematical models become an indispensible tool to analyse the transport processes and predict the outcome of anticancer treatment. In this study, a computational model is developed which incorporates the key physical and biochemical processes involved in drug delivery and cellular uptake. The model has been applied to idealized tumour geometry, and comparisons are made between continuous infusion of doxorubicin and thermosensitive liposome-mediated delivery. Results show that thermosensitive liposome-mediated delivery performs better in reducing drug concentration in normal tissues, which may help lower the risk of associated side effects. Compared with direct infusion over a 2-hour period, thermosensitive liposome delivery leads to a much higher peak intracellular concentration of doxorubicin, which may increase cell killing in tumour thereby enhancing the therapeutic effect of the drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":15575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of drug delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/172529","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31323035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 52
Clinical trials with pegylated liposomal Doxorubicin in the treatment of ovarian cancer. 聚乙二醇脂质体阿霉素治疗卵巢癌的临床试验。
Journal of drug delivery Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-03-14 DOI: 10.1155/2013/898146
Carmela Pisano, Sabrina Chiara Cecere, Marilena Di Napoli, Carla Cavaliere, Rosa Tambaro, Gaetano Facchini, Cono Scaffa, Simona Losito, Antonio Pizzolorusso, Sandro Pignata
{"title":"Clinical trials with pegylated liposomal Doxorubicin in the treatment of ovarian cancer.","authors":"Carmela Pisano,&nbsp;Sabrina Chiara Cecere,&nbsp;Marilena Di Napoli,&nbsp;Carla Cavaliere,&nbsp;Rosa Tambaro,&nbsp;Gaetano Facchini,&nbsp;Cono Scaffa,&nbsp;Simona Losito,&nbsp;Antonio Pizzolorusso,&nbsp;Sandro Pignata","doi":"10.1155/2013/898146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/898146","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Among the pharmaceutical options available for treatment of ovarian cancer, increasing attention has been progressively focused on pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD), whose unique formulation prolongs the persistence of the drug in the circulation and potentiates intratumor accumulation. Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) has become a major component in the routine management of epithelial ovarian cancer. In 1999 it was first approved for platinum-refractory ovarian cancer and then received full approval for platinum-sensitive recurrent disease in 2005. PLD remains an important therapeutic tool in the management of recurrent ovarian cancer in 2012. Recent interest in PLD/carboplatin combination therapy has been the object of phase III trials in platinum-sensitive and chemonaïve ovarian cancer patients reporting response rates, progressive-free survival, and overall survival similar to other platinum-based combinations, but with a more favorable toxicity profile and convenient dosing schedule. This paper summarizes data clarifying the role of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in ovarian cancer, as well as researches focusing on adding novel targeted drugs to this cytotoxic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":15575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of drug delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/898146","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31349801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 51
Simulation of Drug Release from PLGA Particles In Vivo. PLGA颗粒体内药物释放模拟。
Journal of drug delivery Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-10-10 DOI: 10.1155/2013/513950
Kaori Sasaki, Martha Igarashi, Manami Hinata, Yuna Komori, Kouhei Fukushima
{"title":"Simulation of Drug Release from PLGA Particles In Vivo.","authors":"Kaori Sasaki,&nbsp;Martha Igarashi,&nbsp;Manami Hinata,&nbsp;Yuna Komori,&nbsp;Kouhei Fukushima","doi":"10.1155/2013/513950","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/513950","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Specific targeting of tissues and/or cells is essential for any type of drug delivery system because this determines the efficacy and side effects of the drug. Poly lactic-co-glycolic acids (PLGA) have long been used as biomaterials for drug delivery due to their excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability. Direct visualization of PLGA particles is feasible even within tissues, and cell specificity of the drug delivery system is normally assessed by using labeled particles. However, particle labeling alone does not address factors such as the release and distribution of the drug. Thus, it is desirable to set up a simulation system of drug release and distribution in vivo. In the present study, we aimed to establish a method to simulate drug distribution in PLGA drug delivery by using Hoechst 33342 as an imitating drug. Our approach enabled us to identify, isolate, and characterize cells exposed to Hoechst 33342 and to deduce the concentration of this fluorescent dye around both targeted and nontargeted cells. We believe that the method described herein will provide essential information regarding the specificity of cell targeting in any type of PLGA drug delivery system. </p>","PeriodicalId":15575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of drug delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/513950","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31859020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Tumor-specific expression of organic anion-transporting polypeptides: transporters as novel targets for cancer therapy. 有机阴离子转运多肽的肿瘤特异性表达:作为癌症治疗新靶点的转运体。
Journal of drug delivery Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-02-03 DOI: 10.1155/2013/863539
Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch, Lena Secky, Katrin Wlcek, Martin Svoboda, Valentinos Kounnis, Evangelos Briasoulis, Andreas G Tzakos, Walter Jaeger, Theresia Thalhammer
{"title":"Tumor-specific expression of organic anion-transporting polypeptides: transporters as novel targets for cancer therapy.","authors":"Veronika Buxhofer-Ausch,&nbsp;Lena Secky,&nbsp;Katrin Wlcek,&nbsp;Martin Svoboda,&nbsp;Valentinos Kounnis,&nbsp;Evangelos Briasoulis,&nbsp;Andreas G Tzakos,&nbsp;Walter Jaeger,&nbsp;Theresia Thalhammer","doi":"10.1155/2013/863539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/863539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Members of the organic anion transporter family (OATP) mediate the transmembrane uptake of clinical important drugs and hormones thereby affecting drug disposition and tissue penetration. Particularly OATP subfamily 1 is known to mediate the cellular uptake of anticancer drugs (e.g., methotrexate, derivatives of taxol and camptothecin, flavopiridol, and imatinib). Tissue-specific expression was shown for OATP1B1/OATP1B3 in liver, OATP4C1 in kidney, and OATP6A1 in testis, while other OATPs, for example, OATP4A1, are expressed in multiple cells and organs. Many different tumor entities show an altered expression of OATPs. OATP1B1/OATP1B3 are downregulated in liver tumors, but highly expressed in cancers in the gastrointestinal tract, breast, prostate, and lung. Similarly, testis-specific OATP6A1 is expressed in cancers in the lung, brain, and bladder. Due to their presence in various cancer tissues and their limited expression in normal tissues, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, and OATP6A1 could be a target for tumor immunotherapy. Otherwise, high levels of ubiquitous expressed OATP4A1 are found in colorectal cancers and their metastases. Therefore, this OATP might serve as biomarkers for these tumors. Expression of OATP is regulated by nuclear receptors, inflammatory cytokines, tissue factors, and also posttranslational modifications of the proteins. Through these processes, the distribution of the transporter in the tissue will be altered, and a shift from the plasma membrane to cytoplasmic compartments is possible. It will modify OATP uptake properties and, subsequently, change intracellular concentrations of drugs, hormones, and various other OATP substrates. Therefore, screening tumors for OATP expression before therapy should lead to an OATP-targeted therapy with higher efficacy and decreased side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":15575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of drug delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/863539","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31257713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 100
Bisphosphonates and cancer: what opportunities from nanotechnology? 双膦酸盐和癌症:纳米技术带来了什么机遇?
Journal of drug delivery Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-03-04 DOI: 10.1155/2013/637976
Giuseppe De Rosa, Gabriella Misso, Giuseppina Salzano, Michele Caraglia
{"title":"Bisphosphonates and cancer: what opportunities from nanotechnology?","authors":"Giuseppe De Rosa,&nbsp;Gabriella Misso,&nbsp;Giuseppina Salzano,&nbsp;Michele Caraglia","doi":"10.1155/2013/637976","DOIUrl":"10.1155/2013/637976","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bisphosphonates (BPs) are synthetic analogues of naturally occurring pyrophosphate compounds. They are used in clinical practice to inhibit bone resorption in bone metastases, osteoporosis, and Paget's disease. BPs induce apoptosis because they can be metabolically incorporated into nonhydrolyzable analogues of adenosine triphosphate. In addition, the nitrogen-containing BPs (N-BPs), second-generation BPs, act by inhibiting farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) synthase, a key enzyme of the mevalonate pathway. These molecules are able to induce apoptosis of a number of cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, antiangiogenic effect of BPs has also been reported. However, despite these promising properties, BPs rapidly accumulate into the bone, thus hampering their use to treat extraskeletal tumors. Nanotechnologies can represent an opportunity to limit BP accumulation into the bone, thus increasing drug level in extraskeletal sites of the body. Thus, nanocarriers encapsulating BPs can be used to target macrophages, to reduce angiogenesis, and to directly kill cancer cell. Moreover, nanocarriers can be conjugated with BPs to specifically deliver anticancer agent to bone tumors. This paper describes, in the first part, the state-of-art on the BPs, and, in the following part, the main studies in which nanotechnologies have been proposed to investigate new indications for BPs in cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":15575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of drug delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/637976","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40229805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 28
Nanotechnologies in cancer. 纳米技术在癌症中的应用。
Journal of drug delivery Pub Date : 2013-01-01 Epub Date: 2013-05-13 DOI: 10.1155/2013/604293
Giuseppe De Rosa, Michele Caraglia, Stefano Salmaso, Tamer Elbayoumi
{"title":"Nanotechnologies in cancer.","authors":"Giuseppe De Rosa,&nbsp;Michele Caraglia,&nbsp;Stefano Salmaso,&nbsp;Tamer Elbayoumi","doi":"10.1155/2013/604293","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/604293","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is today the major cause of morbidity and mortality in western and industrialized countries. The use of drugs for the therapeutic treatment of cancer raises important issues about their toxicity on normal cells and, more in general, on their systemic side effects.","PeriodicalId":15575,"journal":{"name":"Journal of drug delivery","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1155/2013/604293","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31483816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整,为了账户安全,请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们:info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务,方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号:481959085
Book学术官方微信