Kiran Paudel, Kamal Gautam, Md Safaet Hossain Sujan, Prakash Adhikari, Sandesh Bhusal, Jeffrey A Wickersham, K C Bhakta, Sabitri Sapkota, Manisha Dhakal, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Roman Shrestha
{"title":"Patterns of Alcohol Use and Daily Smoking Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in Nepal.","authors":"Kiran Paudel, Kamal Gautam, Md Safaet Hossain Sujan, Prakash Adhikari, Sandesh Bhusal, Jeffrey A Wickersham, K C Bhakta, Sabitri Sapkota, Manisha Dhakal, Tara Ballav Adhikari, Roman Shrestha","doi":"10.1007/s10900-025-01456-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10900-025-01456-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Men who have sex with men (MSM) have an elevated risk of adverse health outcomes associated with alcohol use and smoking. Although substantial studies have been conducted globally, little is known about alcohol use and smoking among MSM in Nepal. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the prevalence and patterns of alcohol use and daily smoking among MSM in Nepal. A cross-sectional respondent-driven survey was conducted among MSM in Kathmandu, Nepal, between October and December 2022. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate independent correlates of alcohol use in the past 12 months and daily smoking. Among 250 participants (mean age 27.6 ± 8.9 years), 71.6% had consumed alcohol in the past 12 months, and 42% smoked daily in the last 30 days. MSM who had an income of less than NRs 20,000 (aOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-3.8), were single (aOR: 2.0; 95% CI: 1.1-3.8), employed (aOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-4.1), engaged in sex work (aOR: 3.5; 95% CI: 1.1-11.1), ever smoked (aOR: 5.1; 95% CI: 2.6-9.7), and who did not engage in condomless sex (aOR: 2.1; 95% CI: 1.1-4.5) were more likely to use alcohol in the past 12 months. Similarly, participants who were born in Bagmati province (aOR: 3.7; 95% CI: 1.8-7.6), and had a history of drug use (aOR: 2.8; 95% CI: 1.3-5.7), and police detention (aOR: 3.2; 95% CI: 1.3-9.2) were more likely to be involved in daily smoking. The findings underscore the necessity of MSM-specific alcohol and smoking cessation programs in Nepal.</p>","PeriodicalId":15550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"638-645"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143557000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Theoretical Perspectives on Hookah Smoking Behavior: A Scoping Review of Studies Among Young Adults in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.","authors":"Christina Asiedua, Elakeche Abah, Matthew Asare","doi":"10.1007/s10900-025-01449-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10900-025-01449-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Hookah smoking among young adults is a growing public health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite its prevalence, comprehensive reviews evaluating theoretical frameworks used to study this behavior are lacking. This scoping review synthesized studies examining hookah smoking behaviors among young adults in LMICs. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, and CINAHL using keywords such as \"Hookah OR Waterpipe OR Shisha,\" \"Adverse effects OR Harmful Effects,\" \"Young adults OR Adolescents,\" \"Theory,\" and \"Low-middle-income countries.\" Articles meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were screened using Covidence, and data on prevalence, predictors, and theoretical frameworks were extracted. The review included 28 studies involving 13,150 young adults with an average age of 19.2 years. Hookah use prevalence ranged from 2.6 to 89.4%, with a pooled prevalence of 26.4%. Frequently applied theoretical frameworks included the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT), along with the Protection Motivation Theory and PRECEDE-PROCEED. Facilitators of hookah use included subjective norms, favorable attitudes, perceived low risk, environmental influences, and limited awareness of health risks. Protective factors included self-efficacy, perceived risks, awareness of harmful effects, and anti-smoking attitudes. Interventions based on TPB and SCT showed positive outcomes, though some failed, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive approaches. The findings emphasize the importance of education and policy measures targeting both individual and environmental factors to reduce hookah smoking prevalence and its associated risks in LMICs.</p>","PeriodicalId":15550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"761-780"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301272/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Giuseppina Lo Moro, Lorenzo Rosset, Maria Grazia Varì, Alfio Lucchini, Roberta Balestra, Giacomo Scaioli, Roberta Siliquini, Fabrizio Bert
{"title":"Knowledge of PrEP Among Healthcare Workers in Substance Use Disorder Services: A Cross-Sectional Study in Italy.","authors":"Giuseppina Lo Moro, Lorenzo Rosset, Maria Grazia Varì, Alfio Lucchini, Roberta Balestra, Giacomo Scaioli, Roberta Siliquini, Fabrizio Bert","doi":"10.1007/s10900-025-01445-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10900-025-01445-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an evidence-based strategy for HIV prevention, particularly for high-risk populations such as people who inject drugs and engage in chemsex. In Italy, there is no data on the actual knowledge of PrEP among Healthcare professionals (HCPs) in substance use disorder services (SerDs). This study aimed to assess PrEP awareness among SerD HCPs, also exploring their level of knowledge, practice, training, and perceived barriers. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a convenience sample of HCPs from SerDs across Italy (2023-2024). The questionnaire addressed sociodemographic and work-related information, PrEP awareness, knowledge scores (i.e. percentage of correct answers) on when proposing PrEP and reimbursement criteria, practice, and training received. Multiple logistic regression was performed to explore associations with PrEP awareness. The sample consisted of 306 professionals (26.8% physicians). Only 44.8% were aware of PrEP, with lower awareness among non-physicians (p < 0.001). As for knowledge scores on when proposing PrEP and on reimbursement, the median was 57.14% (IQR: 42.86-71.43%) and 55.56% (IQR: 33.33-66.67%), respectively. No differences were reported across professional roles. Only 10.36% reported PrEP is offered at their workplace and 87.9% highlighted a lack of training. Additionally, 96.79% believed it would be appropriate for HCPs to receive PrEP training; however, nurses were the most likely to state it is not appropriate (p = 0.046). The study identified gaps in PrEP knowledge and training among SerD professionals, including physicians. The strong interest in training suggests that SerD HCPs, though with varying perceptions, may be a receptive group for interventions for improving PrEP implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"596-604"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301269/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abeer S Alzaben, Abeer A Aljahdali, Fatmah Almoayad, Nada Benajiba, Shahd Alabdulkader, Nahla Mohammed Bawazeer
{"title":"Carbonated Beverage Consumption Among Saudi Adults Before and After Implementation of Soft Drink Tax.","authors":"Abeer S Alzaben, Abeer A Aljahdali, Fatmah Almoayad, Nada Benajiba, Shahd Alabdulkader, Nahla Mohammed Bawazeer","doi":"10.1007/s10900-025-01447-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10900-025-01447-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The prevalence of obesity in Saudi Arabia has increased dramatically, with approximately 35% of the population estimated to be obese. This study assessed the patterns of carbonated beverage consumption and the factors and attitudes influencing consumption before and after implementing new soft drink taxes among Saudi adults. A secondary analysis was conducted on two cross-sectional studies involving Saudi adults aged over 18 years. The studies were conducted in July-September 2016 (Pre taxation, n = 964) and October 2022-March 2023 (post taxation, n = 1931). Data were collected using a validated questionnaire that included sociodemographic information, consumption patterns, influencing factors, and attitudes. A chi-square test compared frequency changes between the two periods, while a linear regression model assessed the impact of taxation on consumption frequency and quantity, along with associated factors and attitudes. Daily carbonated beverage consumption increased from 6% pre-taxation to 8% post-taxation. Significant changes were observed in factors and attitudes toward consumption (P < 0.05). The perceived influence of advertising decreased significantly (-0.320, P < 0.0001), while consumption during meals at home (0.430, P < 0.0001) and while watching TV or using electronic devices (0.231, P < 0.0001) increased post-taxation. The findings indicate that despite taxation, carbonated beverage consumption did not decrease among Saudi adults. These results underscore the need for comprehensive health promotion and intervention programs to address the high consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and mitigate their health impacts.</p>","PeriodicalId":15550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"577-584"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143382598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yutong Xie, Emma C Lewis, Audrey Thomas, Mika Matsuzaki, Lisa Poirier, Stacey Williamson, Antonio J Trujillo, Joel Gittelsohn
{"title":"In-store Features and Healthy Food Availability Among Small Corner and Convenience Stores Serving Urban and Rural Maryland Communities.","authors":"Yutong Xie, Emma C Lewis, Audrey Thomas, Mika Matsuzaki, Lisa Poirier, Stacey Williamson, Antonio J Trujillo, Joel Gittelsohn","doi":"10.1007/s10900-025-01461-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10900-025-01461-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adequate access to healthy food is crucial for preventing and managing diet-related chronic diseases, especially for vulnerable populations. In neighborhoods lacking supermarkets, lower-income residents tend to source food in small independently-owned stores. To understand how retail food environments are associated with healthy food availability, we examined associations between in-store features and Healthy Food Availability Index (HFAI) scores in Baltimore and Charles County, Maryland stores. Cross-sectional data were collected from 2022 to 2024 across 18 stores. Observational Store Environmental Checklists assessed in-store features, food assistance program authorization, and targeted point-of-purchase promotions. An adapted HFAI scale was used to score each store from 0 to 27 with a higher score indicating greater healthy food availability. Linear regression models analyzed associations between in-store features and HFAI scores using R software. Across all urban and rural stores, the average HFAI score was low (M = 9.16, SD = 4.38). Unsurprisingly, rural stores were more likely to have a larger retail space (2.60 more aisles, on average) than urban stores. Urban vs. rural location and other store characteristics were not found to be significantly associated with HFAI scores. However, the presence of point-of-purchase promotions was associated with a 6.74-point higher HFAI score (CI: 2.40-11.08) after adjusting for number of aisles, food assistance program authorization, and location. Our sample of small Maryland stores generally had low healthy food availability regardless of urban or rural location. This suggests a need for further research to scale-up and evaluate retail food environment interventions that reach both urban and rural settings, nationwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":15550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"734-741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143692351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Autumn Dorman, Frederick V Ramsey, Kirsten Brownstein, Susan G Fisher
{"title":"Neighborhood Serious Crimes and the Impact on Stress and Depression Among Residents of North Philadelphia in the US State of Pennsylvania.","authors":"Autumn Dorman, Frederick V Ramsey, Kirsten Brownstein, Susan G Fisher","doi":"10.1007/s10900-025-01451-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10900-025-01451-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study explores the impact of serious neighborhood crime on levels of stress and prevalence of depression. The target population was adults residing in affected communities, specifically within North Philadelphia. A cross-sectional study was conducted to examine the relationship between serious crimes in North Philadelphia and stress/depression among community residents. All participants (n = 577) resided within one of ten zip codes in North Philadelphia. Individual exposure to serious neighborhood crime over four years (2016-2019) was quantified. Levels of stress and prevalence of depression served as outcome measures of mental health. The study results did not support an association between exposure to neighborhood crime and stress/depression as measured by validated instruments. Resilience was identified to have a positive and statistically significant independent impact on both stress (p < 0.0001) and depression (p < 0.0001), serving as a mediator in the association between crime exposure and levels of stress and prevalence of depression. Results from this study can be used as a framework in targeting the needs of Philadelphia residents and improving their overall stress and depression.</p>","PeriodicalId":15550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"605-612"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143476640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexandra B Caloudas, Kelley Arredondo, Gail Beauchamp, Sharon Anastas, Kathy Marchant-Miros, Kristen Frosio, Giselle Day, Katherine Bay, Stephanie Day, Jan Lindsay, Jay Shore
{"title":"Developing Culturally Centered Outreach Materials for Rural Native Veterans.","authors":"Alexandra B Caloudas, Kelley Arredondo, Gail Beauchamp, Sharon Anastas, Kathy Marchant-Miros, Kristen Frosio, Giselle Day, Katherine Bay, Stephanie Day, Jan Lindsay, Jay Shore","doi":"10.1007/s10900-024-01435-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10900-024-01435-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Native Americans serve in the U.S. military at the highest rate per capita of any ethnoracial group and have elevated rates of mental health (MH) difficulties compared to other ethnoracial groups, including posttraumatic stress disorder, alcohol use disorders, and suicide. Almost half of Native Veterans live in rural areas; rurality is associated with significant barriers to MH services. Engaging in outreach with Native Veterans is an important pathway for connecting them with MH care, but the outreach process and educational materials must be culturally aligned to be more effective. We collaborated with partners at a rural Department of Veterans Affairs medical center (VAMC) to develop and refine a process for co-creating MH-focused outreach materials that are culturally centered on the needs, preferences, and values of rural Native Veterans. Our model of Co-creating Outreach for Rural Native Veterans' Engagement (CORE) involves five key steps: building strong partnerships with rural VAMC partners (Connect), conducting a needs assessment to identify VAMC partners' and Native Veterans' unique needs (Learn), engaging in ongoing synchronous and asynchronous dialogue during iterative development of materials (Collaborate), piloting materials during outreach (Pilot), and refining materials based on Veteran and partner feedback (Re-evaluate). The process of developing culturally centered outreach materials should involve iterative refinement, partnerships and consultation with cultural experts, and strong relationships founded on respect, trust, and a commitment to bidirectional learning.</p>","PeriodicalId":15550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"646-655"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143567247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer E Akpo, Caitlin Murphy, Jennifer Mull, Trudy Gaillard, Lori A Bilello, Fern J Webb
{"title":"Correction: Engaging with Social Media: Implications for COVID-19 Research Participation among Adults Living in the State of Florida.","authors":"Jennifer E Akpo, Caitlin Murphy, Jennifer Mull, Trudy Gaillard, Lori A Bilello, Fern J Webb","doi":"10.1007/s10900-025-01453-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10900-025-01453-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"781"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144021713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jennifer Pierre, Jocelyn Valdez, Sharon Marshall-Taylor, Sheena Dorvil, Frances M Howell
{"title":"Fostering Community Support for Breastfeeding: Implementation of a Neighborhood Level Breastfeeding Initiative in Brooklyn, New York.","authors":"Jennifer Pierre, Jocelyn Valdez, Sharon Marshall-Taylor, Sheena Dorvil, Frances M Howell","doi":"10.1007/s10900-025-01446-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10900-025-01446-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To share lessons learned from the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's Brooklyn Breastfeeding Empowerment Zone initiative to increase breastfeeding duration rates in the Brooklyn Community Districts (CDs) of Bedford-Stuyvesant and Brownsville, and to evaluate the degree to which the initiative mobilized community support, and impacted breastfeeding. These neighborhoods were chosen due to historically low breastfeeding rates. Highly frequented community establishments such as restaurants/cafés, beauty salons, pharmacies and retail shops were selected as potential breastfeeding friendly spaces (BFSs) to support and welcome breastfeeding mothers. Staff visited each establishment to explain project objectives and requirements and inquired about interest in becoming a BFS. A Baby Café was also established in Brownsville to offer practical breastfeeding advice for mothers. Of the 178 potential BFSs identified in both CDs, 123 (69%) agreed to become BFSs. The Brownsville Baby Café, established in 2018, surpassed its goal of hosting 26 sessions in the first year. Class feedback surveys indicated that the primary reason for attending was to learn more about breastfeeding and other information to support their babies (52%), and 84% were satisfied with or confident about the responses they received. Between 2009 and 2012 to 2017-2020, there were statistically significant increases in breastfeeding initiation (83.9-95.7%) (P < 0.05), and exclusivity (9.7-29.9%) (p < 0.05) in Brownsville. The BFEZ initiative successfully engaged community establishments, formed a support group to help breastfeeding families, and showed how these initiatives can help to change the social environment and outcomes related to breastfeeding.</p>","PeriodicalId":15550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"656-667"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12301276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143597115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fecal Immunochemical Tests (FIT) and Focus Groups: Tailoring Bilingual Cancer Screening Education.","authors":"Arman Haveric, Fiyinfolu Balogun, Jaime Gilliland, Bharat Narang, Francesca Gany","doi":"10.1007/s10900-025-01454-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10900-025-01454-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Virtual focus groups were conducted in English and in French to gather community feedback on colorectal cancer screening education materials, designed for use among immigrant and non-immigrant Black/African-American men in New York City. Participants were recruited from community health fair events, religious and cultural organizations, and an existing Community Advisory Board. Six total focus groups were conducted, four in English and two in French, with a total of 25 participants, until data saturation. Focus groups were audio recorded, transcribed, two were translated from French into English, and analyzed in NVivo software to develop and consolidate themes in participant responses. Focus groups revealed key knowledge gaps about colorectal cancer screening protocols and cancer risk heritability. Discussing racial health disparities may cause offense to some readers. Participants were interested to see root causes for racial health disparities discussed in health promotion material. Virtual focus groups can be used to gather community member feedback on health promotion materials. Real-time simultaneous language interpreting can be used if facilitator and audience do not speak the same language. Health educators should be mindful that the recommended screening age of 45 years for colorectal cancer is not generally known, and that individuals may believe that cancer is contagious. Readers may be offended by references to health disparities. Health educators should test health promotion materials with target audiences to ensure appropriateness and cultural sensitivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":15550,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Community Health","volume":" ","pages":"712-724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143624946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}