Journal of contaminant hydrology最新文献

{"title":"Chemometric investigation of river system contamination: Source identification and risk assessment using positive matrix factorization and Monte Carlo simulation","authors":"Fikret Ustaoğlu ,&nbsp;Bayram Yüksel ,&nbsp;Mehmet Metin Yazman ,&nbsp;Joanna Jaskuła ,&nbsp;Cem Tokatlı","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the water quality of the Abdal River System in Türkiye, an important water supply for the metropolitan area, using chemometric applications, including Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) for source apportionment and Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) for health risk assessment. Surface water samples were analyzed for 14 potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including nutrients and other elements. Their concentrations, in ascending order, were: Cd (0.13) &lt; Cr (1.34) &lt; Pb (1.50) &lt; Mn (1.89) &lt; Hg (1.98) &lt; Cu (2.96) &lt; Ni (5.32) &lt; As (7.17) &lt; Fe (31.16) &lt; Zn (151.48) &lt; Al (320.86) &lt; K (3631) &lt; Mg (15607) &lt; Na (18870) &lt; Ca (72842) μg/L. The water quality was evaluated utilizing indices including Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI), Water Quality Index (WQI), and Contamination Degree (CD), with results indicating generally good water quality and minimal pollution levels. PMF analysis identified three primary sources of contamination: natural/geogenic processes, agricultural runoff, and urban activities including domestic runoff. Health risk assessments highlighted arsenic as the most significant contributor to non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks. For children, the hazard index (HI) for arsenic was 7.35E-01 (ingestion: 7.26E-01; dermal: 9.00E-03), remaining below the safety threshold of 1, indicating no significant non-carcinogenic risk. Similarly, the carcinogenic risk (CR) for arsenic was 2.92E-04, within the acceptable range (1E-06 to 1E-04). The Monte Carlo Simulation quantified variability and uncertainty in health risks, highlighting arsenic as the main contributor, with 16.15 % of scenarios for children exceeded the acceptable non-carcinogenic risk threshold. This study is the first to integrate PMF with MCS for a comprehensive evaluation of pollution sources and health risks in the Abdal River System, offering a novel approach to environmental management in semi-urban watersheds. The findings confirm the water quality is safe under current conditions but highlight the need for ongoing monitoring and targeted mitigation to ensure sustainable management of the Abdal River System.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 104627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144146978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First incidence of microplastic in commercially important food fishes and waters: A case study in the dal Lake ecosystem of North-Western Himalaya (India)","authors":"Sajad Ahmad Rather ,&nbsp;Adnan Amin ,&nbsp;Adnan Abubakr ,&nbsp;Monisa Mehboob Malik ,&nbsp;Ifra Tabassum ,&nbsp;Mohd Ashraf Rather ,&nbsp;Mansoor Ahmad Rather ,&nbsp;Bhagyashree Dhekale ,&nbsp;Ishtiyaq Ahmad ,&nbsp;Hafsa Farooq Chashoo ,&nbsp;Udai Ram Gurjar ,&nbsp;Caterina Faggio","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The primary objective purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of microplastics (MPs) within the Dal Lake ecosystem, specifically in the gastrointestinal tracts of commercially important food fishes and water samples. The average abundance of MPs in water samples was recorded as 196.65 ± 0.35 items per liter, while in fish species, it ranged from 3.66 ± 0.25 to 22.33 ± 0.07 items per individual. The most commonly observed shapes of MPs were fragments, followed by fibres and pellets. MPs smaller than 250 μm were predominant in both water and biota samples. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis identified four types of plastic polymers- polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), Polypropylene (PP) and Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) in all water and fish samples. Among these, polyethylene (PE) was the most abundant polymer detected. The presence of MPs in biota indicates their movement up the food chain to higher trophic levels, underscoring the urgent need for further research into mitigation strategies to address microplastic contamination in fish that are meant for human consumption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 104619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Occurrence and risk assessment of microplastics in surface water, sediment, and biota of Surma River, Bangladesh","authors":"Md. Hafizur Rahman,&nbsp;Saif Izlal,&nbsp;Tariqul Islam,&nbsp;Fahim Mahafuz Ruhad,&nbsp;Afifa Jahin,&nbsp;Md. Rubaith Islam,&nbsp;Elias Ahmed,&nbsp;Humayra Tasnim Mohona,&nbsp;Tasrin Jahan Mitu","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pollution from microplastics (MPs) has become a major environmental concern worldwide, impacting ecosystems severely. Bangladesh is one of the developing nations, with concerning issues of improper plastic trash handling by poor recycling infrastructure. The present study focuses on MPs pollution in the Surma River, which is in the northeastern part of the country. MPs in the water, sediment, and biota sample were observed in the study. Density separation, microscopic observations, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis have been conducted for MPs identification and quantification. MPs concentrations were observed at 5–20 items/L in surface water, 360–960 items/kg in sediment, and 2–3.6 items/species in biota. Fiber shapes, 1–2 mm sizes, and transparent colored MPs were the most prevalent type in surface water. While fragment shape, 1–2 mm sizes, and black MPs were most common in sediment samples. For biota samples, fiber shape, 1–2 mm sizes, and black MPs were the most prevalent. Moreover, risk assessment indices were examined for the individual sites, including contamination factors (CF), polymeric hazard assessment (PHA), pollution risk index (PRI), and pollution load index (PLI). PLI recorded for surface water and sediment are 1.92 and 2.69, respectively, indicating substantial contamination in the Surma River. This study provides the first multi-compartment analysis of microplastic pollution in the Surma River. The findings can inform future mitigation strategies, waste management policies, and contribute to global efforts in combating the pervasive issue of MPs pollution.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 104620"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatio-temporal distribution of microplastics in surface water of typical urban rivers in North China, risk assessment and influencing factors","authors":"Kaiming Li ,&nbsp;Ruixue Zhao ,&nbsp;Xin Meng","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Urban rivers serve as primary receivers and transporters of microplastics. In this study, the spatio-temporal distribution of microplastics in the surface waters of the Zhang River and Fuyang River, which are representative urban rivers in North China, was investigated. The risk evaluation and influencing factors were also analyzed. The results indicated that the average abundance of microplastics in the surface waters of the Zhang River was higher during the dry season, while the average abundance in the Fuyang River was lower than that observed in the Zhang River during the wet season. Furthermore, the abundance of microplastics exhibited an increasing trend from upstream to downstream. The predominant polymer types of microplastics identified are polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), with the majority being blue fibers 0–2 mm in size. In comparison to the Zhang River, the Fuyang River exhibits a higher diversity index of microplastics, with more varied and complex sources attributed to anthropogenic activities. The risk of microplastic pollution in the Zhang and Fuyang rivers was found to increase downstream. The spatial distribution of microplastics is influenced by both natural conditions and anthropogenic activities, with upstream areas dominated by natural factors and downstream areas dominated by human activities. This study provides a reference for understanding microplastic pollution levels and sources in urban rivers of Northern China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 104626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144134979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Insights into nutrient export from dryland to receiving waters using synchronous data observed along the transport pathway in a coastal plain river network region","authors":"Li Jinwen ,&nbsp;Qian Xiaoyong ,&nbsp;Zhang Min ,&nbsp;Zhu Wenjun ,&nbsp;Zhao Qingjie ,&nbsp;Shen Genxiang ,&nbsp;Wang Zhenqi ,&nbsp;Chen Xiaohua ,&nbsp;Bai Yujie ,&nbsp;Yang Linpei","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In plain river networks, high river density enhances hydrological connectivity, accelerating non-point pollution transport and threatening aquatic ecosystems. However, assessing farm nutrient impacts on water quality remains challenging. In the current study, a continuous 2-year study was conducted in Chongming Island, Shanghai, China. Synchronous sampling of wet deposition, soil solution, runoff, and adjacent water bodies was conducted within a 1.5 ha catchment area under a cauliflower-corn rotation. An electrical conductivity (EC) meter and an OBS turbidity (TURB) meter were installed at the field outlet to provide data with a 5-min resolution for elucidating hysteresis between dissolved/particulate nutrients and discharge (Q). The majority of runoff events demonstrated significant source limitation transport and anti-clockwise hysteresis in the EC-Q relationship, while exhibiting transport-limited mobilization and clockwise hysteresis in the TURB-Q relationship. The maximum EC values for each runoff event decreased due to the degradation of nitrogenous ions, and the maximum concentrations of TN in runoff were significantly correlated with those in soil solutions (R² = 0.945, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The maximum EC values under runoff events, along with the assessment of nitrogen in soil solution, could be used as indicators of nitrogen loss potential. Additionally, monitoring NH₄⁺ in wet deposition is critical as it dominates field-to-water transport pathways.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 104615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144147075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hydrological modeling of nutrient transport and mitigation strategies for non-point source pollution in the Bailin River basin","authors":"Hao Wang ,&nbsp;Yifeng Liu ,&nbsp;Shijiang Zhu ,&nbsp;Yang Liu ,&nbsp;Wen Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Bailin River, a key tributary of the Yangtze River, faces significant water quality challenges due to agricultural non-point source (NPS) pollution exacerbated by industrial discharge and urban runoff. This study employs the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to analyze the temporal and spatial dynamics of runoff as well as total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) loads in the Bailin River basin from 2020 to 2023. A critical source area analysis was performed to identify regions disproportionately contributing to pollutant loads. Through various simulations, including different Best Management Practices (BMPs) scenarios, the study explores their effectiveness in reducing nutrient loads. The findings reveal that nutrient losses are significantly concentrated during the flood season, with TN and TP losses accounting for 58.61 % and 58.92 % of annual totals, respectively. Specific BMP scenarios, combining optimized fertilization, vegetation buffer strips, and grass ditches, demonstrated substantial pollutant reduction, with the best combinations exceeding 58 % reductions for both TN and TP. The study emphasizes the necessity of targeted interventions in critical source areas to optimize management strategies and achieve better water quality outcomes. Continuous monitoring and adaptive management practices will be crucial to addressing ongoing challenges of non-point source pollution in this basin. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of NPS pollution in mountainous watersheds and highlights effective management pathways for improved ecological health and water quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 104617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144125321","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying hydrogeochemistry evolution mechanism in high-sulfur non-ferrous metal mining areas via hydrochemical characteristics and isotopic evidence","authors":"Bing Wang ,&nbsp;Lei Ma ,&nbsp;Jia-zhong Qian ,&nbsp;Yun-hai Fang ,&nbsp;Wei Xie ,&nbsp;Dan Ding ,&nbsp;Huan Zhou ,&nbsp;Yang Long ,&nbsp;Han-ying Shen ,&nbsp;Qiang Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Pollution of surrounding groundwater by mining activities and closed mines is a serious public concern around the world. To elucidate the hydrogeochemical evolution mechanism in high‑sulfur non-ferrous metal mining area, an aquifer system in Tongling of China was investigated as an example. Based on the results of hydrogeochemistry and stable isotopes，the hydrochemical evolution of aquifers is significantly influenced by water-rock interaction, while evaporation has contributed less to the hydrochemical components of groundwater. Inverse hydrogeochemical modelling demonstrated that carbonate minerals, gypsum, pyrite, halite and clay minerals as well as CO₂(g) and O₂(g) were admitted as major reactants along the flow path from the closed mine to the active mine, and mineral dissolution or precipitation and ion exchange were potential reactions. Principal component analysis confirmed that the dissolution of carbonate and sulfide predominated in hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater. The oxidation and dissolution of sulfide are the primary factor to form acidic water, while the dissolution of limestone and dolomite will neutralize acidic water. In parallel, the leaching and ion exchange processes in the southern flow area of the mining mine are more intense, and the contribution to the chemical components of groundwater is significantly greater than that in the western flow area, which provides a reference for the zoning blocking of acid mine drainage. Although the fissure water flowing from the closed mine to the mining mine is neutral, considering the fact that the fissure water will aggravate the mine drainage and the water quality will deteriorate, active measures should be taken to identify crack channels as far as possible to reduce the risk of acid mine drainage diffusion through minimizing the hydraulic connection between them. These findings could understand the hydrogeochemical characteristics of high‑sulfur non-ferrous metal mines, thus effectively prevent groundwater pollution in the mining regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 104605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144116893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facile synthesization of NaOH activated hierarchical porous biochar from cucumber straw for the effective removal of doxycycline in aqueous solution","authors":"Guofu Huang ,&nbsp;Mianmian Wang ,&nbsp;Changchun Li ,&nbsp;Qianqian Wu ,&nbsp;Qing Liu ,&nbsp;Shasha Zhao ,&nbsp;Yucui Shi ,&nbsp;Haoran Cheng ,&nbsp;Chenxi Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effective utilization of biomass waste for the fabrication of biochar adsorbents has aroused significant interest. In this work, a novel hierarchical porous biochar (HPBC) was successfully synthesized by dry mixing combined with one-step pyrolysis method using cucumber straw as a raw material and NaOH as an activator. The prepared HPBC was then applied to remove doxycycline (DOX) from aqueous solutions. HPBC comprised hierarchical porous structures with excellent specific surface area (1409.75 m² g⁻¹), high pore volume (0.6549 cm³ g⁻¹), and small average pore diameter (1.8582 nm). HPBC was found to contain multiple functional groups involving hydroxyl, carbonyl, amine, and aromatic structure. The adsorption kinetics and isotherm of DOX on HPBC were well described by the Avrami fractional order model and Sips model, suggesting that the adsorption process involved multiple kinetics as well as monolayer and multilayer adsorptions. HPBC exhibited an excellent adsorption capacity for DOX with the maximum value of 552.30 mg g⁻¹ at 25 °C (Sips model). The possible adsorption mechanisms of DOX on HPBC included pore filling, π-π interactions, hydrogen bonding, and electrostatic interactions. This study provided a new approach for resource utilization of straw waste and effective removal of antibiotics from water.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 104612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144137287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long-term water quality simulation and driving factors identification within the watershed scale using machine learning","authors":"Mingxuan Zhao ,&nbsp;Chunzi Ma ,&nbsp;Hanxiao Zhang ,&nbsp;Haisheng Li ,&nbsp;Shouliang Huo","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding long-term trends and analyzing their driving factors are essential to effectively enhance water quality in watersheds. In China, although the overall quality of surface water continues to improve, significant issues remain in certain regions. The Liao River Basin, a critical industrial hub and key agricultural grain base in northeast China, continues to face unstable water quality conditions, despite over 20 years of management efforts. This study compared several data-driven models (random forest (RF), support vector machine regression (SVR), K-nearest neighbors (KNN), stacking, long short-term memory (LSTM), convolutional-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM)), to accurately fill the water quality data gaps (i.e., total nitrogen (TN), ammonia nitrogen (NH₃-N), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD_Cr), permanganate index (COD_Mn), electroconductibility (E)) from 1980 to 2022 in Liao River Basin. In addition, the SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) model was employed to quantitatively assess the driving factors of water quality. The results showed that the RF model exhibited robust predictive capabilities. TN showed a steady increase of approximately 20 % from 1980 to 2022, while the other parameters were effectively controlled. Anthropogenic activities, especially in agriculture and urban areas, were found to significantly contribute to water quality deterioration. Additionally, climatic factors such as extreme rainfall, annual average precipitation, and extreme temperatures-along with geographical factors like soil properties and slope, were found to play crucial roles in influencing water quality.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 104604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144089280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed characterization of a LNAPL-contaminated soil using X-ray microtomography and gas chromatography","authors":"Radjiv Bewi ,&nbsp;Antonio Rodríguez de Castro ,&nbsp;Olivier Atteia","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of remediation strategies for soils contaminated by light non-aqueous hydrocarbons (LNAPL) depends on a detailed understanding of their geological and hydrodynamic properties, as well as their spatial distribution. In this work, 3D X-ray microtomography (μ-CT) and gas chromatography (GC) are combined to characterize porosity, permeability, LNAPL saturation (<em>S</em>_<em>n</em>), and van Genuchten parameters (<em>α</em> and <em>N</em>) at a LNAPL-contaminated site. Moreover, a novel μ-CT-based method is presented to quantify LNAPL ganglia connectivity—an essential factor in understanding their spatial distribution and migration dynamics. The data obtained using this approach were employed to calculate LNAPL transmissivity. This technique, referred to as the μ-CT/GC method, was compared with LNAPL transmissivity values derived from the API-LRDM 2 hydrodynamic model (based on literature data) and from baildown test results, revealing significant discrepancies. However, the transmissivity obtained through μ-CT/GC method was more closely aligned with values measured during in-situ tests (baildown test). These findings underline the limitations of conventional transmissivity prediction approaches and pave the way for developing more effective remediation strategies. Moreover, the results highlight the significant impact of the site's strong hydrodynamic heterogeneity on pollutant retention and mobility.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"273 ","pages":"Article 104614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144105615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}