Junjie Guan , Chong Li , Guo Wei , Rifeng Kang , Hongwei Pang , Jie Ma
{"title":"Spatial and temporal variation in the natural source zone depletion rates of two types of LNAPL sources","authors":"Junjie Guan , Chong Li , Guo Wei , Rifeng Kang , Hongwei Pang , Jie Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104688","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104688","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate measurement of natural source zone depletion (NSZD) rates is a crucial but challenging task at a large site since NSZD rates usually have large temporal and spatial variation. Few studies focus on the spatial and temporal variability of NSZD rates of different types of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL). This study has explored the spatial and temporal variability of NSZD rates at one site with two chemically distinct LNAPL bodies (aliphatic-rich naphtha for Source Zone #1 vs aromatic-rich pyrolysis gasoline for Source Zone #2). Higher temperatures result in higher NSZD rates, leading to the highest NSZD rates in summer and the lowest in winter in both Source Zone #1 and #2. Although the LNAPL in Source Zone #1 and #2 have completely different composition, the difference in the area-weighted average NSZD rates between Source Zone #1 and #2 was not statistically significant. Natural soil respiration (NSR) is the dominant source of CO<sub>2</sub> emitted at the land surface throughout all seasons at this site. This suggests that during the growing season (summer), both high mean value and high standard errors of NSR rates compromise the NSZD quantification results based only on simple background correction (using the mean value). This result highlights the significant spatial and temporal variation of NSZD rates in large site and the challenges of using background correction to estimate NSZD rates. It is necessary to consider the importance of data quality to the subsequent data management process.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 104688"},"PeriodicalIF":4.4,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mahima John Horta, N. Seetha, L.K.S.V. Prasad Sallangi
{"title":"Effect of flow velocity and particle concentration on cotransport of zinc oxide and copper oxide nanoparticles in soil","authors":"Mahima John Horta, N. Seetha, L.K.S.V. Prasad Sallangi","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104687","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104687","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Zinc oxide (nZnO) and copper oxide (nCuO) nanoparticles are widely used in many industrial applications. This results in their inevitable release into the soil and groundwater. This study investigated the cotransport behavior of nZnO and nCuO in saturated soil through column experiments and mathematical modeling. We observed decreased nZnO and nCuO transport during their cotransport compared to their individual transport. This is due to the formation of large-sized nZnO-nCuO heteroaggregates, which have a greater retention in soil than free nZnO and free nCuO. Further, the reduction in the transport was greater for nCuO than nZnO due to the greater affinity of nCuO to attach to the grain surfaces and the larger mass fraction of nCuO in the heteroaggregates. The retarded transport of nZnO and nCuO decreased with increasing flow velocity and increasing nZnO: nCuO injection concentration ratio in the order 2:1, 1:2, and 1:1. The experimental results were successfully simulated using a mathematical model that fully coupled the transport of nZnO and nCuO by incorporating the kinetics of heteroaggregation of nZnO and nCuO and heteroaggregate retention in soil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 104687"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144714241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abul Borkot Md Rafiqul Hasan , Rakiba Sultana , Charles J. Paradis , Krishna M. Pillai
{"title":"Experimental investigation of upward and downward cycling of salt contaminants in the vadose zone","authors":"Abul Borkot Md Rafiqul Hasan , Rakiba Sultana , Charles J. Paradis , Krishna M. Pillai","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104686","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104686","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Capillary-driven upward movement of contaminated groundwater and subsequent surface evaporation can lead to salt accumulation in the vadose zone. Conversely, infiltration events such as rainfall or flooding may remobilize these salts and transport them downward toward the water table. While previous studies have often addressed these processes in isolation, a comprehensive understanding of their coupled behavior remains limited.</div><div>This study presents a controlled laboratory investigation of salt mobility in the vadose zone using three types of granular porous media: beach sand, silica sand, and fine gravel. Each experiment was conducted in three sequential stages, referred to as stress periods: (1) capillary wicking of clean water into a dry porous column, simulating saturation by groundwater rise; (2) evaporation-induced upward transport and salt crystallization, where saltwater replaced the clean water and evaporation concentrated salts near the surface; and (3) dissolution and flushing of salts by infiltrating water, simulating rainfall events that remobilize and leach surface salts.</div><div>Salt concentrations in the effluent were measured after each flush cycle to assess the flushing efficiency under different conditions, including varying evaporation durations (brief, moderate, and extended) and conditions (natural vs. forced evaporation). Results showed that sands, due to shallow evaporation fronts, facilitated surface crust formation, while gravel exhibited subsurface salt deposition. Fine gravel achieved faster initial flushing due to larger pores, while finer sands retained salts near the surface, leading to slower but more sustained removal. Forced evaporation further impeded flushing by forming dense salt crusts.</div><div>The findings provide new insights into how pore structure, grain size, and evaporation conditions influence salt retention and mobilization. These mechanisms are relevant to sites like the arid and semi-arid regions affected by salt contamination, where similar cycling occurs between evaporation-induced salt accumulation and flushing during recharge. The study informs improved groundwater remediation strategies in flood-prone or arid environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 104686"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144704660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fei Xu , Peiyue Li , Qiang He , Jing Ning , Xiaofei Li
{"title":"Experimental insights into iron and manganese transformation in soil during groundwater fluctuations","authors":"Fei Xu , Peiyue Li , Qiang He , Jing Ning , Xiaofei Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104677","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104677","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are key redox-sensitive elements in soil-groundwater systems, and their primary environmental risk lies in their ability to influence the mobilization and release of co-occurring hazardous contaminants, such as arsenic. Previous studies have primarily focused on variations in aqueous-phase concentrations of Fe/Mn. However, under fluctuating groundwater conditions, the dynamic transformation mechanisms of different forms of Fe/Mn in soil remain underexplored. This study addressed this gap by employing dynamic groundwater table simulation experiments. The responses of various forms of Fe and Mn in the soil to fluctuations in groundwater levels were investigated and quantitatively evaluated the contribution ratios of different Fe/Mn forms to geochemical processes. The results show that a decrease in the groundwater table increases the redox potential (Eh), creating an oxidative environment that promotes the enrichment of oxide-bound iron/manganese (Ox-Fe/Mn) and a reduction in organic matter-bound iron/manganese (Om-Fe/Mn). For Fe, only the Ox-Fe and Om-Fe forms are affected by groundwater level fluctuations, while the exchangeable form (EXC-Fe) and carbonate-bound form (Carb-Fe) remain at a low level with insignificant changes. However, all four forms of Mn change significantly with the groundwater level fluctuations. Quantitative analysis revealed that redox processes involving Ox-Fe/Mn are the primary drivers of Fe/Mn cycling in the soil-groundwater system, contributing more than 50 % on average. This research provides key insights into the fate and transformation of Fe and Mn in soil and aims to assess their potential environmental risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 104677"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144687480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electrochemical remediation of microplastics: Progress and prospects in water treatment","authors":"Smriti, Jai Prakash Kushwaha, Neetu Singh","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104676","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104676","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plastic pollution has emerged as a critical global concern, with microplastics (MPs)—defined as plastic particles smaller than 5 mm—posing serious threats to both environmental and human health. In 2019, global plastic production reached approximately 259 million tons, and is projected to rise to 500 million tons by 2025. By 2060, MPs are expected to account for a significant share of accumulated plastic waste, potentially reaching 1.2 billion tons. The pervasive occurrence of MPs has sparked growing concern over their potential adverse effects on both ecological systems and human well-being. MPs have been detected in a wide range of biological matrices, including placental blood and other bodily fluids of newborns. This alarming evidence raises urgent concerns regarding their potential impacts on total human health.</div><div>This review article explores electrochemical treatment techniques—specifically electrocoagulation, electro-oxidation, and the electro-Fenton process—as promising strategies for the removal of MPs from water. Among these, electro-oxidation has demonstrated removal efficiencies as high as 90 %, with yields reaching 99.24 % under optimized operational conditions. The review concludes by highlighting key research gaps, advocating for further technological innovation, and underscoring the importance of raising public awareness to combat this growing environmental challenge effectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"275 ","pages":"Article 104676"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parsa Moghri, Hossein Sabahi, Ali Hossein Rezayan, Babak Akbari
{"title":"A green approach: Utilizing untreated pine pollen grains as a natural biosorbent for microplastic removal from water systems","authors":"Parsa Moghri, Hossein Sabahi, Ali Hossein Rezayan, Babak Akbari","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104675","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104675","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microplastics (MPs) are widespread pollutants that pose significant threats to aquatic ecosystems and human health. This study evaluates the potential of untreated pine (<em>Pinus eldarica</em>) pollen grains as an eco-friendly, chemical-free biosorbent for removing MPs from water. The heterogeneous and porous surface of pine pollen, enriched with functional groups, enables effective adsorption of MPs through electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Untreated pine pollen achieved a maximum removal efficiency of 66.2±2.54% for polystyrene (PS) MPs at a pollen concentration of 240 mg/L and with higher efficiencies of 87% for PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride) and 95.2% for PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate), reflecting differences in polymer hydrophobicity and density. Adsorption followed the Freundlich isotherm model (R2=0.977), suggesting heterogeneous binding sites, and removal efficiency for PS MPs was size-dependent, decreasing from approximately 78% for 75−150 μm particles to approximately 63% for 250−500 μm particles. Alkaline pH enhanced PS MP removal to 77.6±3.39%, while the presence of humic acid (15 mg/L) reduced efficiency to approximately 56%, and competitive anions, particularly H₂PO₄− (5 mM), decreased it further to 45.2±1.7%. Surfactants significantly improved MP removal; for instance, non-ionic Tween20 increased efficiency from the baseline 66.2% to approximately 98%, and cationic CTAB to approximately 94%. Pine pollen showed strong reusability, maintaining over 50% removal efficiency for PS MPs after four adsorption-desorption cycles. It also maintained effectiveness in real water samples, achieving approximately 59% removal in lake water, though performance decreased to around 45% in wastewater. These findings highlight untreated pine pollen as a natural, cost-effective, and sustainable alternative to chemical agents for mitigating MP pollution in aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 104675"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144654202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongxing Pan , Xueling Li , Meng Chen , Xiaotong Wang , Yangyang Leng
{"title":"Identification of heavy metal sources in reservoir-adjacent soils and specific source risk assessment based on comprehensive environmental factors: A perspective on prioritizing control sources","authors":"Yongxing Pan , Xueling Li , Meng Chen , Xiaotong Wang , Yangyang Leng","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104673","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104673","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heavy metal (HM) contamination in reservoir-adjacent soils is influenced by complex environmental factors and poses ecological and health risks. This study analyzed eight HMs (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn) in 181 soil samples from Zhijin County, China, with mean concentrations exceeding regional background values by 1.06 to 7.00 times (except As, which was 91.4 % of the Guizhou background value). This study aimed to identify HM sources and associated risks by integrating GeoDetector (GD) and Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) models in Zhijin County, China. The GD analysis revealed that river proximity (q = 0.544) had the strongest explanatory power for Cd spatial variation, while soil organic matter (q = 0.281) had the greatest influence on Pb distribution. The PMF identified five sources with quantified contributions and their dominant associated metals: a mining–agricultural mix (28.16 %; mainly Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn), atmospheric deposition (20.39 %; mainly Hg), soil parent material (19.86 %; mainly Cr and Ni), agricultural activities (16.98 %; mainly As), and a transportation–mining mix (14.61 %; mainly Pb). Risk prioritization showed that mining and agricultural sources contributed 38.7 % of the ecological risk, while agricultural activities accounted for 41.2 % of children's non-carcinogenic risk, with ingestion contributing 89.7 % of non-carcinogenic exposure. The integrated GD-PMF framework improved the source resolution accuracy by 22–35 % compared to conventional methods. These results offer a novel source-oriented framework for prioritizing the control of Cd and Hg, which exhibited the highest ecological and health risks. Meanwhile, the framework also provides scientific support for the differentiated management of other heavy metals such as Pb and As, based on their source characteristics and spatial patterns.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 104673"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144605481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zejun Liu , Xihua Wang , Y. Jun Xu , Shunqing Jia , Boyang Mao , Chengming Luo , Xuming Ji , Qinya Lv
{"title":"Spatial heterogeneity of lake sediment hydraulic conductivity, hydrological connectivity and causes analysis under the influence of sand mining activities: In-situ tests in a typical large sand mining lake (Poyang lake)","authors":"Zejun Liu , Xihua Wang , Y. Jun Xu , Shunqing Jia , Boyang Mao , Chengming Luo , Xuming Ji , Qinya Lv","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104671","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104671","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sand mining engineering will change the saturated hydraulic conductivity (K) of sediments, which is an important parameter determining the connectivity of surface water-sediment-aquifer system and the stability of shoreline. However, the research about K and hydrological connectivity of lake sediment under the influence of sand mining activities is still limited. In this study, 90 standpipe tests were conducted in the global largest sand mining lake (Poyang Lake) to measure K of lakebed sediment in different directions. Geostatistics, connectivity index and remote sensing were used to analysis the spatial heterogeneity of K, hydrological connectivity and sand mining effect on K. Results showed that the spatial variability of K was strong in Poyang Lake. K<sub>v</sub>, K<sub>s</sub>, K<sub>h</sub> varied from 1.85 × 10<sup>−6</sup> to 9.43 × 10<sup>−2</sup> cm/s, 3.63 × 10<sup>−6</sup> to 9.95 × 10<sup>−2</sup> cm/s, 1.29 × 10<sup>−6</sup> to 5.16 × 10<sup>−2</sup> cm/s. Gaussian model of K<sub>v</sub>, K<sub>s</sub> and K<sub>h</sub> fitted the experimental variogram best. Poyang Lake sediments were composed of silt, silty loam, sandy loam and loamy sand. Hydrological connectivity index varied from −29 to 35 among the test points. d<sub>20</sub> and d<sub>50</sub> had the strongest correlation with K. Power function model was the best fitting model of K and characteristic grain size. Large-scale sand mining engineering affected the heterogeneity of K and hydrological connectivity by changing sediment grain composition, geomorphic type, groundwater depth and hydrodynamic conditions. The results provide important references for lake sediment permeability researching, sand mining engineering management and slope instability prevention in similar large sand mining lakes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 104671"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fahad Jibrin Abdu , Sani I. Abba , Jamilu Usman , Maad Alowaifeer , Isam H. Aljundi
{"title":"Groundwater health probability risk prediction through oral intake using advanced optimization methods","authors":"Fahad Jibrin Abdu , Sani I. Abba , Jamilu Usman , Maad Alowaifeer , Isam H. Aljundi","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104670","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104670","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Examining the cancer risk associated with oral groundwater (GW) intake is crucial, particularly in regions heavily reliant on GW for human consumption and agriculture. The study was based on real field investigations and controlled laboratory experiments. We integrated real experimental data with generative AI-driven synthetic data to construct a comprehensive dataset. Subsequently, we compared the predictive efficiency of both data sources. We evaluated the reliability of generative AI in generating scientific data, providing critical insights into its applicability for enhancing experimental analysis. The study also evaluates standalone models, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Boosted Trees (BT), with and without Bayesian Optimization (BO), for predicting the probability of cancer risk (PCR) from GW ingestion. On real data, during training, ANN achieved the lowest Mean Absolute Error (MAE = 0.1483), Mean Square Error (MSE = 0.1231), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE = 0.3508), while GPR, SVM, and BT exhibited higher training errors. In the testing phase, ANN continued to lead with an MAE of 0.5733, MSE of 0.6356, and RMSE of 0.7972. When optimized with BO, ANN-BO achieved an MAE of 0.1686, MSE of 0.1097, and RMSE of 0.3312 during training, with GPR + BO close behind (MAE = 0.1679, MSE = 0.1095, RMSE = 0.3310). During testing with BO, ANN-BO further improved (MAE = 0.0902, MSE = 0.0129, RMSE = 0.1136). However, on synthetic data, even optimized models like ANN-BO demonstrated higher testing error (MAE = 15.718, MSE = 374.53, RMSE = 19.353), underscoring limitations in capturing real-world complexities. High error values across models indicate that synthetic data alone is insufficient for accurate health risk assessments. Leveraging real-world data remains essential for enhancing predictive accuracy and minimizing errors, emphasizing the crucial role of data quality in achieving reliable cancer risk predictions from genome-wide (GW) ingestion.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 104670"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144614578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microplastic surge in the Ariyankuppam river, Puducherry, India: A study on abundance, characterization, and pollution load index","authors":"Cheena Joshi , Saoo Wan Emi Phyllei , Sunidhi Bhatt , Subhankar Chatterjee","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104669","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2025.104669","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The increasing rate of microplastic (MP) pollution in the aquatic environment poses an escalating threat to marine ecosystems and several health concerns to humans. Ocean and Sea MP pollution has been a grave concern in recent decades, and rivers are considered one of the main channels that carry MP to the sea. Here, we investigated the MP abundance in the Ariyankuppam River, which flows through the Puducherry region in South India and merges with the Bay of Bengal. The water and sediment samples were collected from ten locations along the river over three months, from January to March 2024, coinciding with the post-monsoon phase in Puducherry, to understand the impact of seasonal variations on MP abundance. The average MP abundance of sediments and water was found to be 136.33 ± 24.75 particles/Kg and 124.83 ± 22.44 particles/L, respectively. A total of 7837 MP particles were detected, with approximately 52.2 % and 47.8 % originating from sediment and water samples. Fibers were major polymer forms, with an abundance of 79.4 % in sediment and 87.9 % in water samples. The classification of MP (0–3000 μm) reveals predominance of smaller particles, mainly within 0–500 μm and 500–1000 μm. High-density polyethylene (HDPE) and Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE) were the dominant polymer types in sediments and water samples collected from ten sites along the river. Our results found not much of a significant difference in MP abundances across the months in both sediment and water samples. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) assessment indicated a Hazard Level I (<10), a minimal risk level. These data will help the local government and other agencies take necessary measures for mitigation strategies to safeguard these vital water bodies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15530,"journal":{"name":"Journal of contaminant hydrology","volume":"274 ","pages":"Article 104669"},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144595798","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}