Journal of Comparative Pathology最新文献

{"title":"Cutaneous melanoma with heterologous rhabdomyosarcomatous component in a dog","authors":"Rafael Ramírez-Romero","doi":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.04.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.04.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Melanocyte-derived tumours are frequent in humans and animals and the clinicopathological progression of malignant presentations in dogs is comparable with humans. However, melanocytic tumours are a heterogeneous group of neoplasms with certain morphopathological patterns that may appear completely distant from the expected origin. Biphasic neoplasms with heterologous components representing transdifferentiation are uncommon and represent a challenge in diagnosis. Primary cutaneous melanomas with rhabdomyoblastic elements occur in humans but not in animals. We now describe a spontaneous case of cutaneous melanoma with rhabdomyosarcomatous component in a dog. A striated muscle heterologous component and dispersed cells with scarce melanin were interspersed in many regions of the neoplasm. The proportion of discrete melanocytic cells synthesizing scarce melanin was very low. The heterologous rhabdomyosarcomatous component contained well-differentiated striated muscle fibres, indicating that it was not rhabdoid. The muscle fibres were strongly immunoreactive for desmin, whereas the melanocytic component was diffusely, moderately immunopositive for Melan A, HMB45 and S100. To the author's knowledge, this is the first reported case of cutaneous melanoma with rhabdomyosarcomatous heterologous component in a dog.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Pathology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 95-97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Canine proliferative sparganosis: a case report and review of larval cestodiasis in dogs","authors":"Varvara Semenova ,&nbsp;Heather D.S. Walden ,&nbsp;Kelsey Bollenback ,&nbsp;James R. Cook Jr. ,&nbsp;Robert J. Ossiboff","doi":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Larval cestodiasis is characterized by aberrant migration and proliferation of larval cestodes in body cavities or tissues and is a rarely reported entity in domestic dogs. Cestodes of the genera <em>Mesocestoides</em> and <em>Spirometra</em> are reported as causative agents, and can cause tetrathyridiosis and proliferative sparganosis, respectively. Reported herein is a case of abdominal larval cestodiasis in a companion dog from Florida, USA. During routine ovariohysterectomy, larval cestodes were noted throughout the peritoneum. Histologically, the larvae were characterized by asymmetric budding projections and contained tegument-lined cystic spaces. Polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing of multiple gene targets, including <em>NAD</em>, <em>COX-1</em> and <em>mt12S</em>, identified the cestodes as a <em>Spirometra</em> sp with 100 % sequence identity to reference sequences from multiple species, including <em>Spirometra erinaceieuropaei</em>, <em>Spirometra ranarum</em> and <em>Spirometra mansoni</em>. While human proliferative sparganosis cases are routinely attributed to <em>Sparganum proliferum</em>, this report supports previous findings that <em>Spirometra</em> spp can cause proliferative sparganosis in dogs. <em>Spirometra</em> spp should be considered as a differential aetiology of proliferative sparganosis in dogs, and additional attention needs to be given to morphological and genetic characterization of <em>Spirometra</em> cestodes to better understand the role of these parasites in cases of animal sparganosis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Pathology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 48-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Differentiation of feline cutaneous round cell tumours using immunohistochemistry","authors":"Gordon A. Davidson,&nbsp;Sionagh H. Smith,&nbsp;Melanie J. Dobromylskyj","doi":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fifty feline cutaneous round cell tumours, comprising a range of histological diagnoses, were exposed to a large panel of immunohistochemical markers for T and B lymphocytes, plasma cells, histiocytes, melanocytes and mast cells with the aim of providing species-specific information on labelling patterns. There were few instances in which an individual marker was consistently expressed in all tumours of a particular histological type. Not all mast cell tumours expressed KIT, and KIT was detected in one melanocytic neoplasm. A high proportion of plasma cell tumours co-expressed CD3 and MUM-1, necessitating the use of additional immunohistochemical markers or features to differentiate between plasma cell tumours and T-cell lymphomas. There was also overlapping marker expression by B-cell lymphomas and plasma cell tumours. E-cadherin labelling was detected in some histiocytic and melanocytic tumours, while interpretation of ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 labelling was challenging, with many tumours containing significant numbers of tumour-associated macrophages or dendritic cells alongside the neoplastic cell population. Despite the extensive panel of immunohistochemical markers, a proportion of the cases could not be definitively diagnosed; however, the use of this panel allowed for a more definitive diagnosis in most of these cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Pathology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 41-47"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143892163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiorenal syndrome in a black spider monkey (Ateles chamek)","authors":"Asheley H.B. Pereira ,&nbsp;Fernanda C. Rocha ,&nbsp;Helena B. Gomes ,&nbsp;Bruna E.P. Barbosa ,&nbsp;Arthur C.T. Alves ,&nbsp;Diana A. Mendonça ,&nbsp;Bruno Alberigi ,&nbsp;Daniel G. Ubiali","doi":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Herein, we describe pathological changes in a 17-year-old female black spider monkey (<em>Ateles chamek</em>) that presented with clinical, echocardiographic and morphological evidence of chronic renal dysfunction leading to cardiac disease. At echocardiographic examination, cardiac hypertrophy, right pulmonary artery branch rigidity and diastolic and systolic dysfunction were identified. At necropsy, there was pericardial effusion and the heart was diffuse and markedly enlarged, with thickening of the left ventricular wall and interventricular septum. Both kidneys were small, firm and irregular. Microscopically, there was hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes and myocardial interstitial fibrosis. Renal changes were compatible with nephrosclerosis and hypertensive vasculopathy. Hypertensive arteriolar changes were also present in small vessels of the spleen. Based on the clinicopathological findings, a diagnosis of cardiorenal syndrome was made. Our findings indicate that the cardiorenal syndrome in this black spider monkey was remarkably similar to that reported in humans. Early attention and monitoring for evidence of cardiac involvement should be provided in cases of chronic kidney disease in non-human primates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Pathology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 91-94"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144068291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Usutu virus-disease susceptibility in threatened red-breasted geese (Branta ruficollis) in Italy and the Netherlands","authors":"Giuseppe Giglia ,&nbsp;Emmanuelle Münger ,&nbsp;Giulia Mencattelli ,&nbsp;Gianfilippo Agliani ,&nbsp;Alinda J. Berends ,&nbsp;Fabrizia Valleriani ,&nbsp;Giorgio Filipponi ,&nbsp;Stefano Gavaudan ,&nbsp;Annapia Di Gennaro ,&nbsp;Christine Fast ,&nbsp;Reina S. Sikkema ,&nbsp;Marja Kik ,&nbsp;Marion P.G. Koopmans ,&nbsp;Maria T. Mandara ,&nbsp;Andrea Gröne ,&nbsp;Bas B. Oude Munnink ,&nbsp;Judith M.A. van den Brand ,&nbsp;Chantal B.E.M. Reusken ,&nbsp;Federica Monaco ,&nbsp;Giovanni Savini","doi":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.05.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.05.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Usutu virus (USUV) is an emerging zoonotic virus associated with mortality in birds. More than 90 species of birds have been found to be susceptible to USUV infection, but little is known about the disease susceptibility and distribution in Anseriformes. This study involved the post-mortem evaluation of four threatened red-breasted geese (<em>Branta ruficollis</em>). Macroscopic analysis, histology, immunohistochemistry, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and phylogenetic analysis of USUV strains were performed to evaluate the presence of USUV-associated damage, tissue tropism and involved virus strains. Macroscopic and histological lesions, represented by necrosis and mononuclear inflammation, as well as virus pan-tissue tropism, overlapped in all cases. Unlike other species, a strong involvement of endocrine organs was observed in the red-breasted geese. Two different USUV lineages, Europe 2 (in Italy) and Europe 3 (in the Netherlands), were identified as causative agents. We now report the host disease susceptibility and describe the pathology of fatal USUV-associated disease with major neurological and endocrine involvement in four threatened red-breasted geese in Italy and in the Netherlands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Pathology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 98-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144090389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urethral sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma with heterologous elements in a dog","authors":"Louise van der Weyden ,&nbsp;Christof A. Bertram ,&nbsp;Nora Dinhopl ,&nbsp;Monika Triebl ,&nbsp;Taryn A. Donovan ,&nbsp;Eva M. Compérat","doi":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sarcomatoid carcinoma is a biphasic tumour characterized by the co-existence of epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation that may contain heterologous components. These tumours are rare in domestic animals and have only been reported in the kidney and prostate gland. In this report we describe a French Bulldog with a perianal swelling that resulted in dyschezia. Ultrasound confirmed the presence of a mass in the lower abdominal cavity and surgery identified and removed a tumour close to the urethra. The dog was euthanized 3 weeks later due to poor condition. Histopathological analysis of the tumour revealed a biphasic morphology of malignant epithelial and mesenchymal cells, within which lay foci of cartilage and bone. Regions of neoplastic cells were immunopositive for GATA3, confirming urothelial origin, or for SATB2, confirming the presence of osseous differentiation. Electron microscopy revealed an epithelial cell population and a predominant population of irregular, spindle-shaped fibroblast-like cells. Based on these findings, the diagnosis was urethral sarcomatoid urothelial carcinoma (UC) with heterologous elements of chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma. This is the first report of sarcomatoid UC of the urethra in domestic animals and the neoplasm had strong parallels with sarcomatoid UC of the lower urinary tract in humans, further supporting the One Medicine approach.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Pathology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 31-35"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Entamoebiasis in zoological non-human primates in the United Kingdom","authors":"Daniela Denk ,&nbsp;Rachel E. Taylor ,&nbsp;Mark F. Stidworthy ,&nbsp;Simon Spiro","doi":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.03.192","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.03.192","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Entamoebiasis is a significant disease in non-human primates (NHPs), causing a spectrum of clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic carriage to severe, necrotizing colitis and life-threatening extraintestinal dissemination. This study examined entamoebiasis in captive NHPs across nine zoological collections from 2004 to 2020. A total of 28 cases, spanning nine Old World (OW) and four New World (NW) primate species, were confirmed via histopathology and <em>Entamoeba histolytica</em> immunohistochemistry. Entamoebiasis caused intra- and extraintestinal disease, including necrotizing colitis and hepatitis, with characteristic gross and histological lesions including well-demarcated transmural ‘flask-like’ mucosal ulceration and necrotizing hepatitis with intralesional amoebic trophozoites. Rare cases presented with pneumonia, peritonitis and orchitis. OW primates, particularly Colobinae species, were more frequently affected. This study expands the known host range of entamoebiasis providing the first reports in emperor tamarin (<em>Saguinus imperator</em>), king colobus (<em>Colobus polykamos</em>), grizzled leaf (<em>Presbytis comata</em>), black howler (<em>Alouatta caraya</em>), brown spider (<em>Ateles hybridus</em>) and white-faced saki (<em>Pithecia pithecia</em>) monkeys. No seasonal trends were observed, and cases involved both sexes and all age groups, predominantly adults. Species-specific differences were noted, with OW primates having more frequent transmural colitis. These findings emphasize the importance of entamoebiasis in differential diagnoses for NHPs with gastrointestinal signs, and include recommendations for routine collection of fresh, frozen and formalin-fixed tissues during necropsy, prioritizing gastrointestinal and hepatic samples. Regular health assessments and surveillance for <em>Entamoeba</em> species in NHPs are crucial for detecting subclinical carriers, enabling early, targeted interventions and minimizing negative impacts on NHP populations and conservation efforts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Pathology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 21-30"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143877138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sclerosing eosinophilic extrahepatic cholangitis in a cat","authors":"Júlia C. Barth ,&nbsp;Fernanda G. Cony ,&nbsp;Paula R. Ribeiro ,&nbsp;Joanna V.Z. Echenique ,&nbsp;Mariana Ulanin ,&nbsp;Saulo P. Pavarini","doi":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.03.191","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.03.191","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A 9-year-old female cat was presented to the veterinary hospital with a history of progressive weight loss, anorexia and jaundice. Clinical findings included poor body condition, hypothermia and jaundice. The ultrasound findings were consistent with cholangiohepatitis associated with pancreatitis and the biochemical tests indicated a marked increase in activities of hepatobiliary enzymes (alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase). At necropsy, the animal had marked jaundice in the mucous membranes and subcutaneous tissue and a mildly enlarged liver with diffusely orange discolouration. The cystic duct was thickened, white, firm and completely obstructed. The gallbladder was enlarged and contained thickened bile. Microscopically, the cystic duct was obliterated by severe proliferation of fibrous connective tissue and marked proliferation of bile ducts, with a prominent multifocal inflammatory cell infiltrate composed predominantly of eosinophils, lymphocytes, rare plasma cells and macrophages. Although eosinophilic cholangitis is considered benign in humans, in this case it had led to complete obstruction of the cystic duct due to wall thickening caused by eosinophilic inflammation and fibrous connective tissue proliferation, which contributed to clinical deterioration.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Pathology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 11-14"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143860001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinicopathological characterization of sinonasal sarcomas in dogs","authors":"Emanoelly M.S. da Silva,&nbsp;Paula R. Ribeiro,&nbsp;Mônica Slaviero,&nbsp;Anderson H. Gris,&nbsp;Bruno A. de Almeida,&nbsp;Vanessa C. Pereira,&nbsp;Jean C.O. Menegatt,&nbsp;Marcele B. Bandinelli,&nbsp;Welden Panziera,&nbsp;Saulo P. Pavarini,&nbsp;David Driemeier,&nbsp;Luciana Sonne","doi":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses comprise various tissues that can give rise to different neoplasms, including nasal sarcomas. The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathological characteristics of canine sinonasal sarcomas. A retrospective study was conducted on 39 dogs, aged between 2 and 18 years old, with a diagnosis of sinonasal sarcoma. The dogs were grouped according to tumour type: 12 nasal chondrosarcomas, 12 osteosarcomas and 15 spindle cell tumours (fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, haemangiosarcoma, myxosarcoma and leiomyosarcoma). Most dogs were mixed breed and there was a predominance of large breeds in the cases of nasal osteosarcoma. Facial deformity, epistaxis and dyspnoea were the most common clinical signs. The tumours affected mainly the nasal region. Metastases were uncommon and found in three cases of nasal spindle cell tumour and one case of chondroblastic osteosarcoma. Furthermore, nasal spindle cell tumours had an increased mitotic index, compared with chondrosarcoma and osteosarcoma, suggesting malignancy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Pathology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 15-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143863506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Small canine mammary tumours have different prognostic factors: A study of 3,470 tumours","authors":"Thaynan C. Vieira ,&nbsp;Maria E. Prado ,&nbsp;Felipe A. Ruiz Sueiro ,&nbsp;Geovanni D. Cassali ,&nbsp;Paulo C. Jark","doi":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcpa.2025.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mammary gland neoplasms are the most frequent tumour in female dogs and most are malignant. Pet longevity and improvement in healthcare with early diagnosis increases the prevalence of cancer in animals. Tumour size is used as a prognostic factor to determine TNM (Tumour, Node, Metastasis) staging and considers tumours &lt;3 cm, 3–5 cm and &gt;5 cm. Due to the high rate of malignancy of mammary gland neoplasms, this study aimed to evaluate canine mammary tumours &lt;3 cm and correlate the findings with clinicopathological parameters. A total of 3,470 mammary tumours were included and were classified as group 1 (G1, &lt;1.5 cm) or group 2 (G2, 1.5–3 cm) as well as by prognosis – good, intermediate, poor or indeterminate. Clinicopathological parameters such as age, histological type, grade and lymph node status were analysed. The results revealed a significantly higher association of G1 tumours with non-neoplastic or benign diagnoses (<em>P</em> &lt;0.001), a higher prevalence of histological grade I (<em>P</em> &lt;0.001) and more frequent involvement of M2, M3 and M4 mammary glands (<em>P</em> &lt;0.001). G2 tumours were significantly associated with a malignant diagnosis (<em>P &lt;0.001</em>), higher prevalence of grades II and III (<em>P &lt;0.001</em>), presence of lymph node metastasis (<em>P</em> &lt;0.001) and involvement of the M5 mammary gland (<em>P &lt;0.001</em>). Tumours with a good prognosis were most prevalent in dogs under 6 years old (mean 10 ± 2.8; <em>P</em> &lt;0.0001) while a poor prognosis was significantly higher in dogs over 14 years old (mean 11.5 ± 2.8; <em>P</em> &lt;0.0001). Tumours with an average size of 1.1 ± 0.7 cm had a significantly better prognosis (<em>P</em> &lt;0.0001) and those with an average size of 1.6 ± 0.8 cm had a worse prognosis (<em>P</em> &lt;0.0001). Histological type had an important role even in small tumours. Canine mammary tumours &lt;1.5 cm and &gt;1.5 cm had important differences in prognosis and highlight the need for a review of the minimal tumour size established in TNM staging for canine mammary gland tumours.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15520,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Pathology","volume":"219 ","pages":"Pages 6-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143855524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}