Journal of Clinical Virology最新文献

{"title":"The diagnostic accuracy of the ID NOW COVID-19 point of care test in acute hospital admissions","authors":"Ameeka Thompson ,&nbsp;David Hettle ,&nbsp;Stephanie Hutchings ,&nbsp;Barry Vipond ,&nbsp;Nicholas Veasey ,&nbsp;Kerry Grant ,&nbsp;Jonathan Turner ,&nbsp;Rich Hopes ,&nbsp;Jonathan Steer ,&nbsp;Rommel Ravanan ,&nbsp;O.Martin Williams ,&nbsp;Peter Muir","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105634","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105634","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Prompt identification of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on admission to hospital is crucial to ensuring initiation of appropriate treatment, optimising infection control and maintaining patient flow. The Abbott ID NOW™ COVID-19 assay (ID NOW) is a point-of-care, isothermal nucleic acid amplification test, capable of producing a result within minutes, potentially placing it as an invaluable tool in helping to control the coronavirus-disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ID NOW in acute hospital admissions.</p></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><p>A prospective approach to data collection was undertaken in consecutive patients with ID NOW and Hologic Aptima™ SARS-CoV-2 transcription-mediated amplification assay (Aptima TMA) results, across three hospitals in the south-west of England between 1st March and 30th September 2021. A nasal swab was taken for ID NOW and a combined nose and throat swab for Aptima TMA. Measures of diagnostic accuracy were calculated for ID NOW against Aptima TMA. This study was conducted during a period of alpha and delta strain predominance.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>19,698 ID NOW assays were performed, of which 12,821 had an Aptima TMA assay performed within 24 hours. ID NOW had sensitivity of 85.2 % (95 % CI, 82.2–87.9) and specificity of 99.6 % (95 % CI, 99.4–99.7) compared with the reference assay. The overall PPV was 91.0 % (95 % CI, 88.5–93.0) and the overall NPV was 99.3 % (95 % CI, 99.1–99.4).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>ID NOW offers a valid diagnostic tool to detect SARS-CoV-2, performing comparably to a reference laboratory-based assay which takes longer to provide results.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105634"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138680897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and evaluation of an easy to use real-time reverse-transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for clinical diagnosis of West Nile virus","authors":"Marwa Khedhiri ,&nbsp;Melek Chaouch ,&nbsp;Kaouther Ayouni ,&nbsp;Anissa Chouikha ,&nbsp;Mariem Gdoura ,&nbsp;Henda Touzi ,&nbsp;Nahed Hogga ,&nbsp;Alia Benkahla ,&nbsp;Wasfi Fares ,&nbsp;Henda Triki","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105633","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105633","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>West Nile Virus (WNV) causes a serious public health concern in many countries around the world. Virus detection in pathological samples is a key component of WNV infection diagnostic, classically performed by real-time PCR. In outbreak situation, rapid detection of the virus, in peripheral laboratories or at point of care, is crucial to guide decision makers and for the establishment of adequate action plans to prevent virus dissemination. Here, we evaluate a Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) tool for WNV detection. Amplifications were performed comparatively on extracted viral RNA and on crude samples using a classical thermal cycler and a portable device (pebble device). qRT-PCR was used as gold standard and two sets of urine samples (<em>n =</em> 62 and <em>n</em> = 74) were used to evaluate the retained amplification protocols and assess their sensitivity and specificity. RT-LAMP on RNA extracts and crude samples showed a sensitivity of 90 % and 87 %, respectively. The specificity was 100 % for extracts and 97 % for crude samples. Using the device, the RT-LAMP on extracted RNA was comparable to the gold standard results (100 % sensitivity and specificity) and it was a bit lower on crude samples (65 % sensitivity and 94 % specificity). These results show that RT-LAMP is an efficient technique to detect WNV. RT-LAMP provides a rapid, sensitive, high-throughput and portable tool for accurate WNV detection and has potentials to facilitate diagnostic and surveillance efforts both in the laboratory and in the field, especially in developing countries.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105633"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653223002561/pdfft?md5=3cbefea11c5ff60d56b0807bdaa709ea&pid=1-s2.0-S1386653223002561-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138556718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of digital droplet PCR assays for cell-associated HIV-1 DNA, HIV-1 2-LTR circle, and HIV-1 unspliced RNA for clinical studies in HIV-1 cure research","authors":"Jonathan Reed ,&nbsp;Ginger Kwak ,&nbsp;Eli A. Piliper ,&nbsp;Emily J. Degli-Angeli ,&nbsp;Erin A. Goecker ,&nbsp;Alexander L. Greninger","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105632","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105632","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Cell-associated HIV-1 DNA, HIV-1 2-LTR circle, and HIV-1 unspliced RNA (usRNA) are important virological parameters for monitoring HIV-1 persistence and activation of latent HIV-1. Assays fully validated by CLIA and/or GCLP standards are needed for future clinical trials that seek to evaluate treatments directed towards HIV-1 cure.</p></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To determine performance characteristics of sensitive, moderate-throughput, digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) assays for cell-associated HIV-1 DNA, HIV-1 2-LTR circle, and HIV-1 usRNA that can detect a broad range of HIV-1 M-group subtypes.</p></div><div><h3>Study Design</h3><p>To evaluate linearity, limit of detection, precision, and accuracy of each assay, contrived specimens were analyzed in a background of uninfected PBMC. Detection breadth was evaluated by <em>in silico</em> analysis of primer and probes sets and analysis of material harvested from PBMC infected <em>in vitro</em> with various HIV-1 subtypes. A cohort of clinical specimens from viremic and virologically suppressed individuals was analyzed to demonstrate applicability to clinical research.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The empirically determined limit of detection of these assays was 29, 7, and 60 copies per million PBMC for HIV-1 DNA, HIV-1 2-LTR circle, and HIV-1 usRNA, respectively. The assays detect a broad range of HIV-1 M-group subtypes. Finally, analysis of clinical specimens demonstrate that these assays can detect low levels of cell-associated HIV-1 DNA, HIV-1 usRNA, and HIV-1 2-LTR circle and correlate with clinical histories and viral loads of untreated and antiretroviral treated individuals.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We report the clinical validation of three HIV reservoir assays with broad HIV-1 coverage for future cure studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105632"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138665322300255X/pdfft?md5=ce89c5e6643df03848847fe2867ea582&pid=1-s2.0-S138665322300255X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138573647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Serological assays for differentiating natural COVID-19 infection from vaccine induced immunity","authors":"Samuel M.S. Cheng ,&nbsp;Jonathan J. Lau ,&nbsp;Leo C.H. Tsang ,&nbsp;Kathy Leung ,&nbsp;Cheuk Kwong Lee ,&nbsp;Asmaa Hachim ,&nbsp;Niloufar Kavian ,&nbsp;Sara Chaothai ,&nbsp;Ricky W.K. Wong ,&nbsp;Jennifer K.M. Yu ,&nbsp;Zacary Y.H. Chai ,&nbsp;Masashi Mori ,&nbsp;Chao Wu ,&nbsp;Karen Yiu ,&nbsp;David S.C. Hui ,&nbsp;Gaya K. Amarasinghe ,&nbsp;Leo L.M. Poon ,&nbsp;Joseph T. Wu ,&nbsp;Sophie A. Valkenburg ,&nbsp;Malik Peiris","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Natural SARS-CoV-2 infection may elicit antibodies to a range of viral proteins including non-structural protein ORF8. RNA, adenovirus vectored and sub-unit vaccines expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike would be only expected to elicit S-antibodies and antibodies to distinct domains of nucleocapsid (N) protein may reliably differentiate infection from vaccine-elicited antibody. However, inactivated whole virus vaccines may potentially elicit antibody to wider range of viral proteins, including N protein. We hypothesized that antibody to ORF8 protein will discriminate natural infection from vaccination irrespective of vaccine type.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We optimized and validated the anti-ORF8 and anti-N C-terminal domain (N<img>CTD) ELISA assays using sera from pre-pandemic, RT-PCR confirmed natural infection sera and BNT162b2 (BNT) or CoronaVac vaccinees. We then applied these optimized assays to a cohort of blood donor sera collected in April-July 2022 with known vaccination and self-reported infection status.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We optimized cut-off values for the anti-ORF8 and anti-N-CTD IgG ELISA assays using receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curves. The sensitivity of the anti-ORF8 and anti-N-CTD ELISA for detecting past infection was 83.2% and 99.3%, respectively. Specificity of anti-ORF8 ELISA was 96.8 % vs. the pre-pandemic cohort or 93% considering the pre-pandemic and vaccine cohorts together. The anti-N-CTD ELISA specificity of 98.9% in the pre-pandemic cohort, 93% in BNT vaccinated and only 4 % in CoronaVac vaccinated cohorts. Anti-N-CTD antibody was longer-lived than anti-ORF8 antibody after natural infection.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Anti-N-CTD antibody assays provide good discrimination between natural infection and vaccination in BNT162b2 vaccinated individuals. Anti-ORF8 antibody can help discriminate infection from vaccination in either type of vaccine and help estimate infection attack rates (IAR) in communities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105621"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653223002445/pdfft?md5=c0e1f9066c867cb12a26154d7f5fcd16&pid=1-s2.0-S1386653223002445-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138490154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laboratory diagnosis of measles infection using molecular and serology during 2019–2020 outbreak in Brazil","authors":"Etienne Wessler Coan,&nbsp;Felipe Francisco Tuon","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Laboratory diagnosis of measles can be challenging, and the reintroduction of the measles virus in Brazil has brought about new issues. The aim of this study was to analyze the qPCR results of swab and urine samples and compare them with those of immunological methods for the diagnosis of measles.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This was a cross-sectional study based on a retrospective analysis of 3,451 suspected cases using laboratory test surveillance databases for qPCR (respiratory swabs and urine) and serologic tests for IgM and paired IgG. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, accuracy, and agreement through kappa and adjusted kappa coefficients (PABAK) were calculated using different diagnostic strategies.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The swab and urine samples obtained using real-time qPCR were equivalent. Samples collected simultaneously and the combined samples showed moderate agreement between IgM ELISA and real-time qPCR; however, 48.9 % of the IgM ELISA analyses did not demonstrate detectable qPCR concentrations during simultaneous collections and 43.9 % of combined collections. The paired analysis of IgG showed an accuracy of 67.5 % for IgM and 90.7 % for real-time qPCR.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Diagnosis based on IgM presents detection delimitation in samples collected early (1–5 days), suggesting that these individuals satisfy at least two criteria. In addition to qPCR, paired analysis of IgG using ELISA can be used to increase the sensitivity and specificity of laboratory diagnoses.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105623"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138515969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent HIV-1 infection in Israel 2017–2021: Evaluation of geenius and HIV-1/2 combo assays for identifying recent infection detected by Sedia assay and assessment of factors related to recent infection","authors":"Eyal Azuri ,&nbsp;Marina Wax ,&nbsp;Yael Gozlan ,&nbsp;Tali Wagner ,&nbsp;Orna Mor","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Estimating HIV-1 recency of infection for incidence and local outbreaks detection usually involves specifically designed assays. Here, we established an approach to identify recent infections, estimate their rate, and assess potential risk factors.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Randomly selected HIV-1 positive samples (<em>n</em> = 382) collected in 2017–2021 were tested by Sedia and compared to the results of Geenius recency algorithm and the S/CO values of the HIV-1/2 Combo assay. Using Geenius and Combo recency verdict, we assessed all cases diagnosed in 2017–2021. Related factors were further assessed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>While Geenius and Combo had a sensitivity of 65.9 % and 89.30 %, respectively, and specificity of 96 % and 90 %, respectively, compared to Sedia, higher concordance (97.2 %) and kappa (&gt;0.9) were observed when the verdict of both assays together was compared to Sedia. Using this approach, 15.3 % (238/1548) of individuals diagnosed in 2017–2021 were defined as recently infected. In multivariate analysis, recent diagnosis was mainly associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) and with birthplace in Israel, Western/Central Europe, or North America.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Only 15.3 % of infections in 2017–2021, mainly in MSM and Israeli/Western countries-born individuals, were diagnosed early. Regular diagnostic assays have a potential to identify and monitor trends in recent infections.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105624"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138515947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical and immunological benefits of full primary COVID-19 vaccination in individuals with SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections: A prospective cohort study in non-hospitalized adults","authors":"Martina Prelog ,&nbsp;Samuel D. Jeske ,&nbsp;Claudia Asam ,&nbsp;Andre Fuchs ,&nbsp;Andreas Wieser ,&nbsp;Christine Gall ,&nbsp;Monika Wytopil ,&nbsp;Sandra M. Mueller-Schmucker ,&nbsp;Stephanie Beileke ,&nbsp;Mehmet Goekkaya ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Kling ,&nbsp;Christof Geldmacher ,&nbsp;Raquel Rubio-Acero ,&nbsp;Michael Plank ,&nbsp;Catharina Christa ,&nbsp;Annika Willmann ,&nbsp;Martin Vu ,&nbsp;Sebastian Einhauser ,&nbsp;Manuela Weps ,&nbsp;Benedikt M.J. Lampl ,&nbsp;Philipp Steininger","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) may result in breakthrough infections (BTIs) in vaccinated individuals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of full primary (two-dose) COVID-19 vaccination with wild-type-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on symptoms and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 VOC BTIs.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In a longitudinal multicenter controlled cohort study in Bavaria, Germany, COVID-19 vaccinated and unvaccinated non-hospitalized individuals were prospectively enrolled within 14 days of a PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. Individuals were visited weekly up to 4 times, performing a structured record of medical data and viral load assessment. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response was characterized by anti-spike-(<em>S</em>)- and anti-nucleocapsid-(N)-antibody concentrations, anti-S-IgG avidity and neutralization capacity.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 300 individuals (212 BTIs, 88 non-BTIs) were included with VOC Alpha or Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections. Full primary COVID-19 vaccination provided a significant effectiveness against five symptoms (relative risk reduction): fever (33 %), cough (21 %), dysgeusia (22 %), dizziness (52 %) and nausea/vomiting (48 %). Full primary vaccinated individuals showed significantly higher 50 % inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values against the infecting VOC compared to unvaccinated individuals at week 1 (269 vs. 56, respectively), and weeks 5–7 (1,917 vs. 932, respectively) with significantly higher relative anti-S-IgG avidity (78% vs. 27 % at week 4, respectively).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Full primary COVID-19 vaccination reduced symptom frequencies in non-hospitalized individuals with BTIs and elicited a more rapid and longer lasting neutralization capacity against the infecting VOC compared to unvaccinated individuals. These results support the recommendation to offer at least full primary vaccination to all adults to reduce disease severity caused by immune escape-variants.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"170 ","pages":"Article 105622"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138515948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enrichment of SARS-CoV-2 sequence from nasopharyngeal swabs whilst identifying the nasal microbiome","authors":"Abdulrahman Alrezaihi ,&nbsp;Rebekah Penrice-Randal ,&nbsp;Xiaofeng Dong ,&nbsp;Tessa Prince ,&nbsp;Nadine Randle ,&nbsp;Malcolm G. Semple ,&nbsp;Peter J.M. Openshaw ,&nbsp;Tracy MacGill ,&nbsp;Todd Myers ,&nbsp;Robert Orr ,&nbsp;Samo Zakotnik ,&nbsp;Alen Suljič ,&nbsp;Tatjana Avšič-Županc ,&nbsp;Miroslav Petrovec ,&nbsp;Miša Korva ,&nbsp;Waleed AlJabr ,&nbsp;Julian A. Hiscox ,&nbsp;ISARIC4C Investigators","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Simultaneously characterising the genomic information of coronaviruses and the underlying nasal microbiome from a single clinical sample would help characterise infection and disease. Metatranscriptomic approaches can be used to sequence SARS-CoV-2 (and other coronaviruses) and identify mRNAs associated with active transcription in the nasal microbiome. However, given the large sequence background, unenriched metatranscriptomic approaches often do not sequence SARS-CoV-2 to sufficient read and coverage depth to obtain a consensus genome, especially with moderate and low viral loads from clinical samples. In this study, various enrichment methods were assessed to detect SARS-CoV-2, identify lineages and define the nasal microbiome. The methods were underpinned by Oxford Nanopore long-read sequencing and variations of sequence independent single primer amplification (SISPA). The utility of the method(s) was also validated on samples from patients infected seasonal coronaviruses. The feasibility of profiling the nasal microbiome using these enrichment methods was explored. The findings shed light on the performance of different enrichment strategies and their applicability in characterising the composition of the nasal microbiome.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"171 ","pages":"Article 105620"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138515934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HTLV-1-associated myelopathy in Spain","authors":"Carmen de-Mendoza ,&nbsp;Leire Pérez ,&nbsp;Ariadna Rando ,&nbsp;Gabriel Reina ,&nbsp;Antonio Aguilera ,&nbsp;Rafael Benito ,&nbsp;José María Eirós ,&nbsp;Itziar Rodríguez-Avial ,&nbsp;Diego Ortega ,&nbsp;María José Pozuelo ,&nbsp;María José Pena ,&nbsp;Vicente Soriano ,&nbsp;Spanish HTLV Network","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>HTLV-1 infection is a neglected disease. Over 10 million people are infected worldwide, with hot spots of high endemicity across all continents. Roughly 5% of HTLV-1 carriers develop HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM), a progressive subacute neurological disabling disease.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We report the main features of patients diagnosed with HAM up to date in Spain, a non-endemic country with a relatively high migrant flow from Latin America and Equatorial Africa, where HTLV-1 is endemic.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A total of 451 cases of HTLV-1 had been recorded in Spain until the end of year 2022. HAM had been diagnosed in 58 (12.9%). The current incidence is of 2–3 new cases per year. Women represent 76%. Mean age at diagnosis is 49 years-old. Nearly 60% are Latin Americans. Although sexual transmission is the most likely route of HTLV-1 acquisition, up to 6 individuals had been infected following solid organ transplantation. Rapid onset myelopathy developed in all but one of these transplant recipients from three HTLV-1-positive donors. HTLV-1 subtype 1a transcontinental was the only variant recognized in HAM patients. HTLV-1 proviral load was significantly greater in HAM patients than in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers (677 vs 104 HTLV-1 DNA copies/10⁴ PBMC; <em>p</em> = 0.012). Symptom relief medications and physiotherapy have been the only treatment providing some benefit to HAM patients. Neither significant clinical nor virological efficacy was noticed using antiretrovirals in at least 9 HAM patients. Two thirds of HAM patients ended up in a wheelchair and with urinary/fecal sphincter incontinence.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>HAM is the most frequent clinical manifestation of HTLV-1 infection in Spain, a non-endemic country. Middle aged women migrants from Latin America are the most frequently affected. Two thirds end up in a wheelchair despite using antiretroviral therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105619"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138430867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Enterovirus epidemiology after easing of lockdown measures","authors":"Erley Lizarazo Forero ,&nbsp;Marjolein Knoester ,&nbsp;Lilli Gard ,&nbsp;Alewijn Ott ,&nbsp;Afke H. Brandenburg ,&nbsp;Matthew B.B. Mc Call ,&nbsp;Hubert G.M. Niesters ,&nbsp;Coretta Van Leer-Buter","doi":"10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><p>Public health measures aimed at controlling transmission of SARS-CoV-2, otherwise known as “lockdown” measures, had profound effects on circulation of non-SARS viruses, many of which decreased to very low levels. The interrupted transmission of these viruses may have lasting effects. Some of the influenza clades seem to have disappeared during this period, a phenomenon which is described as a “funnel effect”. It is currently unknown if the lockdown measures had any effect on the diversity of circulating viruses, other than influenza. Enteroviruses are especially interesting in this context, as the clinical presentation of an infection with a particular enterovirus-type may be clade-dependent.</p></div><div><h3>Methods and materials</h3><p>Enteroviruses were detected in clinical materials using a 5’UTR-based detection PCR, and partial VP-1 sequences were obtained, using methods described before. All samples with EV detections from a large part of the Netherlands were included in the study. The samples originated from general practitioners, general hospitals, university hospitals and public health offices.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Five EV-genotypes circulated in significant numbers before and after the lockdown, EV-D68, E-11, CV-A6, CV-B5 and CV-A2. All five genotypes showed decreased genetic diversity after the lockdown, and four indicate a significant number of sequences clustering together with a very high sequence homology. Moreover, children with E-11 and CV-B5 detections were significantly older after the lockdown than before.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The reduced enterovirus transmission in the Netherlands during the pandemic, seems to have led to a decrease in genetic diversity in the five most commonly detected enterovirus serotypes</p></div>","PeriodicalId":15517,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Virology","volume":"169 ","pages":"Article 105617"},"PeriodicalIF":8.8,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1386653223002408/pdfft?md5=fad8940fbe16e46213fcd0f829cc1796&pid=1-s2.0-S1386653223002408-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"109146000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}