Experiments in Linguistic Meaning最新文献_第3页

Visual boundaries in sign motion: processing with and without lip-reading cues 手势动作中的视觉边界:有和没有唇读线索的处理

Experiments in Linguistic Meaning Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.3765/elm.2.5336

J. Krebs, E. Malaia, R. Wilbur, D. Roehm

{"title":"Visual boundaries in sign motion: processing with and without lip-reading cues","authors":"J. Krebs, E. Malaia, R. Wilbur, D. Roehm","doi":"10.3765/elm.2.5336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/elm.2.5336","url":null,"abstract":"Sign languages demonstrate a higher degree of iconicity than spoken languages. Studies on a number of unrelated sign languages show that the event structure of verb signs is reflected in the phonological form of the signs (Wilbur (2008), Malaia & Wilbur (2012), Krebs et al. (2021)). Previous research showed that hearing non-signers (with no prior exposure to sign language) can use the iconicity inherent in the visual dynamics of a verb sign to correctly identify its event structure (telic vs. atelic). In two EEG experiments, hearing non-signers were presented with telic and atelic verb signs unfamiliar to them, which they had to classify in a two-choice lexical decision task in their native language. The first experiment assessed the timeline of neural processing mechanisms in non-signers processing telic/atelic signs without access to lip-reading cues in their native language, to understand the pathways for incorporation of physical perceptual motion features into linguistic processing. The second experiment further probed the impact of visual information provided by lip-reading (speech decoding based on visual information from the face of the speaker, most importantly, the lips) on the processing of telic/atelic signs in non-signers.","PeriodicalId":154565,"journal":{"name":"Experiments in Linguistic Meaning","volume":"83 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120870438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

When Transformer models are more compositional than humans: The case of the depth charge illusion 当变形金刚模型比人类更有组份时:深度炸弹错觉的例子

Experiments in Linguistic Meaning Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.3765/elm.2.5370

Dario Paape

引用次数: 1

Five degrees of (non)sense: Investigating the connection between bullshit receptivity and susceptibility to semantic illusions 五度(非)感觉:调查胡扯接受度和对语义幻觉的敏感性之间的联系

Experiments in Linguistic Meaning Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.3765/elm.2.5369

Dario Paape

引用次数: 0

The role of relevance, competence, and priors for scalar inferences 相关性、能力和先验在标量推理中的作用

Experiments in Linguistic Meaning Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.3765/elm.2.5375

Polina Tsvilodub, Bob van Tiel, M. Franke

引用次数: 1

Testing the influence of QUDs on the occurrence of Conditional Perfection 检验QUDs对条件完善发生的影响

Experiments in Linguistic Meaning Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.3765/elm.2.5413

Britta Grusdt, Mingya Liu, Michael Franke

引用次数: 0

Default biases in the interpretation of English negation, conjunction, and disjunction 英语否定、连词和析取词解释中的默认偏差

Experiments in Linguistic Meaning Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.3765/elm.2.5382

Masoud Jasbi, Natalia Bermúdez, Kathryn Davidson

{"title":"Default biases in the interpretation of English negation, conjunction, and disjunction","authors":"Masoud Jasbi, Natalia Bermúdez, Kathryn Davidson","doi":"10.3765/elm.2.5382","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/elm.2.5382","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has hypothesized default interpretive biases for three types of ambiguities with English logical words and, or, and not. First, disjunction (A or B) is hypothesized to be biased towards an exclusive interpretation in upward-entailing environments and an inclusive interpretation in downward-entailing environments (Levinson 2000, Chierchia 2004, Breheny et al. 2005). A negated disjunction (not A or B) is claimed to be biased towards a “neither-nor” interpretation (i.e. wide scope negation: ¬[A ∨ B]) and a negated conjunction is said to be biased towards an “either-not” interpretation (i.e. wide-scope negation: ¬[A ∧ B]) (Szabolcsi 2002, Szabolcsi & Haddican 2004). We tested these hypotheses within the same experimental paradigm with 149 English-speaking participants and found disjunction to be biased towards an inclusive interpretation across three different entailment environments: episodic declaratives, questions, and conditional antecedents. Our results also confirmed that English negated disjunction is biased towards a “neither-nor” (wide scope negation) interpretation but the results did not show an “either-not” bias (wide scope negation) for negated conjunction.","PeriodicalId":154565,"journal":{"name":"Experiments in Linguistic Meaning","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130601196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Representing affect information in word embeddings 在词嵌入中表示影响信息

Experiments in Linguistic Meaning Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.3765/elm.2.5391

Yuhan Zhang, Wenqi Chen, Ruihan Zhang, Xiajie Zhang

{"title":"Representing affect information in word embeddings","authors":"Yuhan Zhang, Wenqi Chen, Ruihan Zhang, Xiajie Zhang","doi":"10.3765/elm.2.5391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/elm.2.5391","url":null,"abstract":"A growing body of research in natural language processing (NLP) and natural language understanding (NLU) is investigating human-like knowledge learned or encoded in the word embeddings from large language models. This is a step towards understanding what knowledge language models capture that resembles human understanding of language and communication. Here, we investigated whether and how the affect meaning of a word (i.e., valence, arousal, dominance) is encoded in word embeddings pre-trained in large neural networks. We used the human-labeled dataset (Mohammad 2018) as the ground truth and performed various correlational and classification tests on four types of word embeddings. The embeddings varied in being static or contextualized, and how much affect specific information was prioritized during the pre-training and fine-tuning phase. Our analyses show that word embedding from the vanilla BERT model (Devlin et al. 2019) did not saliently encode the affect information of English words. Only when the BERT model was fine-tuned on emotion related tasks or contained extra contextualized information from emotion-rich contexts could the corresponding embedding encode more relevant affect information.","PeriodicalId":154565,"journal":{"name":"Experiments in Linguistic Meaning","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135794407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Investigating a shared mechanism in the priming of manner and quantity implicature 研究方式和数量含义启动的共同机制

Experiments in Linguistic Meaning Pub Date : 2023-01-27 DOI: 10.3765/elm.2.5383

Joe Cowan, N. Katsos

{"title":"Investigating a shared mechanism in the priming of manner and quantity implicature","authors":"Joe Cowan, N. Katsos","doi":"10.3765/elm.2.5383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/elm.2.5383","url":null,"abstract":"In the current paper, we investigate the existence of a shared derivation mechanism between manner and quantity implicature. As per the Gricean-inspired perspective, both manner and quantity implicature are derived in a substantially analogous fashion, relying on the consideration of alternative ways in which the speaker could have spoken, but didn’t. In contrast, other accounts (e.g., grammatical accounts) of quantity implicature consider manner implicature and quantity implicature to be distinct in their derivational mechanisms.Previous studies have found that quantity implicature can prime the derivation of subsequent quantity implicature both within and between quantity implicature subtypes in a structural priming paradigm, suggesting that ad hoc, numeral and some quantity implicature are governed by the same derivational mechanism. We have applied a structural priming paradigm to the case of manner implicature to investigate 1) whether manner implicature can be primed, 2) whether manner implicature can prime manner implicature and 3) whether manner implicature can be primed by quantity implicature. Through manner-manner priming, the paper addresses the psycholinguistic reality of manner. While quantity-manner priming probes the existence of a shared derivational mechanism between the phenomena.We show that manner implicature can prime manner implicature under certain experimental circumstances and that ad hoc quantity, but not some quantity implicature can also prime manner implicature, whereas some quantity implicature cannot.","PeriodicalId":154565,"journal":{"name":"Experiments in Linguistic Meaning","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126862128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Finding the force: a novel word learning experiment with modals 寻找力量:一个新的情态词汇学习实验

Experiments in Linguistic Meaning Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.3765/elm.1.4883

Anouk Dieuleveut, Ailís Cournane, V. Hacquard

{"title":"Finding the force: a novel word learning experiment with modals","authors":"Anouk Dieuleveut, Ailís Cournane, V. Hacquard","doi":"10.3765/elm.1.4883","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3765/elm.1.4883","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates the semantic and pragmatic challenges of acquiring the force of English modals, which express possibility (e.g., might) and necessity (e.g., must). Children seem to struggle with modal force through at least age 4, over-accepting both possibility modals where adults would prefer necessity modals, and necessity modals in possibility situations. These difficulties are typically blamed on pragmatic or conceptual immaturity. In this study, we sidestep these immaturity issues by investigating the challenges of modal learning through a novel word learning experiment with adults, for different 'flavors' of modals: epistemic (knowledge-based) versus teleological (goal-based), and comparing novel modals with actual English modals. We find that when learning possibility modals, adult learners behave as expected: they accept novel modals in necessity situations, both in epistemic and teleological contexts, but less often after they've learned a pragmatically more appropriate necessity modal. However, when learning necessity modals, participants manage to learn the right force (i.e., reject them in possibility situations) for epistemic scenarios only; with teleological scenarios, they accept them in possibility situations. We propose that an overlap in modal flavor explains their behavior, specifically, the competition with an ability interpretation in teleological but not epistemic scenarios, which could also contribute to children's difficulty with necessity modals reported in the acquisition literature.","PeriodicalId":154565,"journal":{"name":"Experiments in Linguistic Meaning","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130476692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

De re interpretation in belief reports: An experimental investigation 信念报告中的重新解释:一项实验研究

Experiments in Linguistic Meaning Pub Date : 2021-07-30 DOI: 10.3765/elm.1.4874

Yuhan Zhang, Kathryn Davidson

引用次数: 1