Journal of Clinical Toxicology最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Covid-19 in Cancer Patients Treated with Immunotherapy: A Review","authors":"Cristina Saavedra, J. Esteban, L. Sanz, A. Soria","doi":"10.35248/2161-0495.20.10.449","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35248/2161-0495.20.10.449","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 pandemic has been a devastating disease worldwide. Although an important number of young healthy people have been affected, elderly, comorbid and immunosuppressed patients have been especially compromised. Cancer patients usually share several of these features, being considered high risk population. Limited reliable information about cancer patients and COVID-19 are available, especially concerning to the risk that oncological therapies could involve. Immunotherapy is a novel therapy extensively used in oncology. Even though it is not a myelosuppressive treatment, its safety use in this context is unknown. Immunotherapy boosts immune system, mainly cytotoxic T cell response. This suggests that could have a favourable role in viral elimination. However, concerns about a detrimental influence have been discuss in oncological community. Most severe COVID-19 patients usually develop an acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to a cytokine-release syndrome (CRS). Therefore, exacerbation of an inappropriate and excessive immune response secondary to these therapies is feared. Currently there are not evidence which confirms neither of these hypotheses. Further studies are needed to improve prognosis in these patients.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83679397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Biochemical Study on the Effects of Fullerene C60 and Fruit Extract of Balanites aegyptica Plant in Ameliorating the Toxicity Induced by Doxorubicin in Streptozotocin Model of Diabetic Male Albino Rats","authors":"A. EL-Shater, Muhammad Salman, N. Kasem, M. Mahmoud","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000404","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000404","url":null,"abstract":"There were relationship between hyperglycaemic and pharmakinetic of toxicity of doxorubicin that lead to increase oxidative stress on cells. This study was aimed to detect the curative effect of some antioxidants drugs (fullerene C60 and mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica) on the haematological and biochemical of kidney function parameters after induced by diabetes and toxicity with doxorubicin on the rats. Nine groups of adult male albino rats were established (n=8). The first group (Group 1) was served as normal group. Group 2 was injected intraperitoneal (i.p) with by streptozotocin at single dose (45 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats (Group 3) were injected intraperitoneal (i.p) with doxorubicin at dose (5 mg/kg body weight) for three days. Diabetic rats (Group 4) were given orally fullerene C60 daily at dose (4 mg/kg body weight). Diabetic rats (Group 5) treated orally by mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica at dose (1.5 ml/kg body weight). (Group 6) treated orally with fullerene C60 plus mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica. Diabetic rats (Group 7) intoxicated DOX treated orally with fullerene C60. Diabetic rats (Group 8) intoxicated DOX treated orally with mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica. Diabetic rats (Group 9) diabetic rats treated orally with fullerene C60 plus mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica. Whole blood and serum were collected for haematological and biochemical of kidney functions examinations, respectively. Diabetes induce, hematotoxicity was determined by a highly significant decrease in Red Blood Cells (RBCs), White Blood Cells (WBCs), Blood Platelets (PLTs), Haemoglobin (Hb) and PCV value, as well as nephropathy was determined by a highly significant increase in creatinne, urea and uric acid. Diabetic rats intoxicated DOX showed reduction in haematological parameters, also, there were highly significant increases in kidney function parameters. Fullerene C60 and mesocarp fruit extract of Balanites aegyptaica ameliorated haematological and kidney functions indices. It could be concluded that Fullerene C60 and Balanites aegyptiaca, clarified a modulatory role against the cellular damage produced by oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84511842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dilated Cardiomyopathy in a Young Man with Illicit Cocaine Use: A Case Report","authors":"E. Yilmaz, O. Karcioglu","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000411","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a progressive disease of the cardiac myocytes, characterized by enlargement in the ventricle and contractile dysfunction in the presence of normal ventricular wall thickness. Alcohol, Cocaine consumption, and Sarcoidosis are associated with development of DCM. Case report: 31 year old male patient, unemployed for 3 years, was admitted to the emergency department with a chief complaint of dyspnea. His condition worsened over the last three days. His vital signs were as follows: TA 115/75 mmHg, pulse rate 100 bpm, and respiratory rate 27 bpm, temperature 36.5°C. Previously suspected of having sarcoidosis, the patient had a history of alcohol and cocaine abuse. Alcohol and cocaine abuse lasts 7 years. Necrosis and perforation were remarkable in the nasal septum due to cocaine abuse. ST segment elevation of 2 mm in V2-4 leads without any reciprocal changes was noted in the electrocardiogram taken on presentation. Besides, there was 2 mm ST-segment depression in lead V6. Chest X-ray revealed cardiomegaly, marked pleurisy on the right, bilateral hilar congestion, and increased reticular density. Echocardiogram disclosed significantly dilated heart chambers, accompanied by mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation. Left ventricular ejection fraction was measured at 25%. Imaging and pulmonary findings suggested that the development of DCM might be multifactorial, due to sarcoidosis and cocaine abuse. Conclusion: Heart failure secondary to DCM should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with dyspnea, especially in those with prominent risk factors such as substance abuse.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75859417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Commentary on Treatment of Tricyclic Antidepressant Overdose","authors":"R. Sawhney, P. McCullough","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000410","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000410","url":null,"abstract":"Tricyclic antidepressants are still widely used for depression and other indications today. These drugs have a narrow therapeutic window and can have significant toxicities, with their cardio toxicity being especially striking and potentially fatal. For these reasons, tricyclic antidepressants are a drug of choice for suicide attempts. A key component in the management of tricyclic antidepressant toxicity is the administration of intravenous sodium bicarbonate which has its own potential adverse effects. In this article, we provide a brief commentary on tricyclic antidepressant toxicity, potential treatments, and a brief case vignette to highlight possible morbidity from toxicity treatment itself.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90790677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Radical Scavenging Activities of Albumin-Copper Complex against Bromobenzene Induced Hepatotoxicity","authors":"D. S. Abdel-Magiud, A. Nassar, A. Shatat, A. Mohamed","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000405","url":null,"abstract":"This study was performed to examine that copper-albumin complex can restore oxidative damage and cytotoxicity in induced by Bromobenzene (BB) in liver. Rats were divided into three groups. Group I served as control received corn oil only. Group II exposed to BB at a dose of 300 mg/Kg by weight, twice/week, orally, dissolved in corn oil for one month. Group III received BB as previous dose plus copper albumin- Serum total protein and albumin showed significant reduction while the activities of ALT and AST enzymes significantly increased in BB-treated group when compared to control. The antioxidant enzymes activities were found to be decreased in BB treated rats in contrast nitric oxide and lipid peroxidation levels were increased in comparison with normal control. Histopathology revealed that BB had a hepatotoxic effects represented by hepatitis and fatty degeneration. Nile blue positive stain showed lipofuscin and/or ceroid granules. Necrotic nuclei with disintegrated DNA stained with acridine orange. The treated rats with copper-albumin complex reversed the most of parameters to normal control.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80240187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Severe Drug-Drug Interactions:Reported and Missed","authors":"J. Nickley, Jack Kain, Kevin Krock, Richard Thomas, A. Pesce","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000406","url":null,"abstract":"Drug-drug interactions are well known to have major adverse reactions. Many physicians are not aware of all the drugs their patients are taking so these interactions are not known to them. We tested more than 300,000 urine and oral fluid specimens from patients in pain treatment and substance abuse rehabilitation programs for 79 drugs and their metabolites. We used software developed by Elsevier to calculate if there was a severe drug-drug interaction for those specimens which tested positive for two potentially interacting drugs. The severe category was defined as “the use of these medications together is contraindicated, or the medications are not usually taken concurrently because the interaction may be life-threatening or may cause serious harm” We observed 1989 severe interactions. Many were not revealed to the patient’s care giver. We argue such drug-drug interactions are potentially misclassified as “opioid” deaths.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83372892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lead and Cadmium Hair Levels in a Sample of Egyptian Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","authors":"Doaa A El-Morsi, A. El-Bakary, Bothina Hasaneen, H. A. El-Atta","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000409","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral disorders among children. It has multifactorial mechanisms of induction; one that main mechanism is the exposure to neurotoxins. Environmental exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) may be implicated in its development. Objective: This study estimated the correlation between Pb and Cd hair levels and the development of ADHD. Methods: 102 children were divided into two groups: the ADHD group (n=54) diagnosed with ADHD according to (DSM)-IV, Conner's and intelligence quotient scales, control group apparently healthy children (n=48). Hair samples were taken for estimating Pb and Cd levels using Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). Results: A statistically significant difference was found regarding Pb levels between the study and the control groups with significant increased risks among female patients, inattention type and those with severe Conner's scale, meanwhile, Cd neither showed insignificant differences in hair levels nor increased risks among ADHD subtypes or grades of Conner's scale. Conclusion: Both metals showed unexpectedly highly elevated levels in study subjects. Lead has a significant relation with weak association to ADHD meanwhile, cadmium had no significant relation.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75877810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-Principles Calculations of the Adsorption Property of C6H7N and C7H9N on Pd-doped TiO2 Anatase (1 0 1)","authors":"Yingang Gui, Qianqian Wan, Ling-feng Luo","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000403","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we proposed a novel Pd-doped TiO2 anatase (1 0 1), material as the gas sensing material to detect typical lung cancer volatile organic compounds: aniline (C6H7N) and o-toluidine (C7H9N). After analyse the adsorption structure, charge transfer, the density of states and band structure, it is found that Pd-TiO2 presents good gas sensing properties to C6H7N and C7H9N. The single doped Pd atom acts as the active site to interact with the gas molecules, which causes the electron redistribution and the change of conductivity of adsorption system. According to the different change characteristics of conductivity upon different gas molecules adsorption, Pd-TiO2 material can not only realize high gas sensitivity, but also realizes selectivity to C6H7N and C7H9N. The calculation results play a guiding role to prepare high-performance Pd-TiO2 material gas sensor in experiment.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79924163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine Drug Tests for Methamphetamine Show Increasing Use","authors":"S. Smiley, J. Nickley, Kevin Krock, Richard Thomas, A. Pesce","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000408","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000408","url":null,"abstract":"We performed 807,535 comprehensive urine drug tests on urine specimens submitted by pain, rehabilitation, internal medicine, and behavioral clinics. The data for positive urine methamphetamine results was extracted. The percentage of methamphetamine per total specimen volume per month was obtained, From April 1, 2016 to October 2016 this value was a little less than 4%, and increased to nearly 6% by April 2018. Methamphetamine is a rarely prescribed drug; thus, these results predominantly indicate illicit drug use. The increase in the percent of specimens with methamphetamine corresponds with the increase in hospitalizations in the time frame set out by Winkelman et al. Our data shows a continued increase up to August 2018 which agrees with the recent release of Overdose Death Rates from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA)","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91401303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acute Liver Failure Induced by Sorafenib Combined with Diclofenac Sodium: A Case Report","authors":"Yue Yin, Yu-Pei Wu, X. Deng, L. Bai, Qing-Xia Li","doi":"10.4172/2161-0495.1000407","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0495.1000407","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Drug-induced liver injury is one of the most common adverse drug reactions in clinical. Sorafenib is a widely used in hepatoma patients, while diclofenac sodium in patients suffering from cancer pain. Both of the two drugs showed mild and unfrequented liver damage. However, taking both drugs orally at the same time may cause severe liver function abnormity and there are few reports at present. Case report: We'll expatiate on an unusual case of a patient with kidney cancer who takes sorafenib and diclofenac sodium simultaneously and suffered from severe and acute liver failure about nearly two months. Conclusion: Sorafenib and diclofenac are likely to have some interactions. Clinically, the combination of the two should be carefully considered to reduce the potential risk of liver damage and avoid liver failure or even liver necrosis.","PeriodicalId":15433,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82024128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}