Freshwater Invertebrate Biology最新文献

{"title":"Reproductive Biology of the Erpobdellid Leech Nephelopsis obscura Verrill, 1872 in Culture","authors":"L. Holmstrand, H. L. Collins","doi":"10.2307/1467196","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467196","url":null,"abstract":"Seventy-nine prespawning adult Nephelopsis obscura were isolated in laboratory culture for observation of reproductive behavior and assessment of cocoon production, length of spawning period and details of hatching and emergence. Results show that laboratory-held leeches mate, deposit cocoons and exhibit life cycle characteristics in concert with local wild populations. Comparisons are made with previous field studies of N. obscura and noticeable differences reported for pre-spawning weights and fecundity. Details of spermatophore implantation, cocoon deposition and fecundity are previously unpublished for this species in culture.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"166 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122840467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chironomid Larval Size and Case Presence Influence Capture Success Achieved by Dragonfly Larvae","authors":"P. M. Dillon","doi":"10.2307/1467195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467195","url":null,"abstract":"Odonate larvae have been characterized as nonselective predators because they are able to feed on a wide range of prey species. However, the relative proportions of particular prey species in the diet do not always match the relative abundances of those prey in the environment. This study examined the effects of two factors that potentially influence the diet of dragonfly larvae: prey size and presence of protective prey covering. Late-instar Leucorrhinia intacta larvae captured significantly greater numbers of large (10 mm) chironomid larvae over small (5 mm) chironomid larvae. Large chironomid larvae removed from their gelatinous cases were taken in significantly greater numbers than comparable larvae with cases. These results are considered relative to the potential impact of odonate larvae on prey populations found in the littoral zone.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125099874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Swimming Modifications of Adult Female Hydropsychidae Compared with Other Trichoptera","authors":"W. Deutsch","doi":"10.2307/1467197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467197","url":null,"abstract":"Mesothoracic legs of 10 of 12 species of adult female Hydropsychidae (not Parapsyche almota or P. elsis) are modified for swimming; at least four of the ten species are known to swim to stream substrates to oviposit. Modified tibiae and tarsi of females differed from those of males in being widened, concave, and often, with a fringe of longer hair on the posterior edge. Modified mesothoracic legs were also found on some adult female Glossosomatidae, Polycentropodidae, and Psychomyiidae. Differences in swimming modifications found among hydropsychids and glossosomatids suggest a diversity of ovipositing behavior within these families.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130516937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) as a Clearing Agent for Chironomid Larvae Prior to Slide Mounting","authors":"R. Bryant, Rebecca J. Smith","doi":"10.2307/1467199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467199","url":null,"abstract":"Chironomid larvae must generally be made more transparent prior to slide mounting to facilitate the observation of structures utilized in taxonomic identification. We present a new technique for clearing chironomid larvae using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). This technique produces excellent contrast for viewing structures utilized in identification, especially many of the smaller details such as, Lauterborn organs and the antennal blade, that may be obscured by other techniques.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129992949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Biology of the Caddisfly Helicopsyche borealis (Hagen): A Comparison of North American Populations","authors":"V. Resh, G. Lamberti, J. R. Wood","doi":"10.2307/1467121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467121","url":null,"abstract":"Studies of the caddisfly Helicopsyche borealis (Hagen) in Big Sulphur Creek (Sonoma Co., CA) from 1977-1983 indicated a single-cohort population with a univoltine life cycle. Most adult emergence occurred in May. Larval growth was rapid during summer, decreased in autumn and winter, and increased again in spring; larval instars could not be distinguished using head capsule measurements. Larval densities were as high as 28,000/m2 in August; densities in spring were generally 1-2% of densities the previous autumn. Adult females exhibit 'calling' behavior similar to some Lepidoptera and apparently emit sex pheromones in attracting males. Characteristics of the Big Sulphur Creek H. borealis population that differ from one or more reports on other North American populations include: absence of egg diapause, indistinguishable larval instars, temporally restricted pupation and emergence periods, no hyporheic distribution, and higher thermal tolerances.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125855532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pesticide Manipulation of a Headwater Stream: Invertebrate Responses and Their Significance for Ecosystem Processes","authors":"T. Cuffney, J. B. Wallace, J. Webster","doi":"10.2307/1467120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467120","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of macroinvertebrates on detrital processing was evaluated by excluding them from one of two small southern Appalachian streams. Exclusion in the treated stream was accomplished by periodic applications of 10 ppm of the insecticide methoxychlor. This caused massive invertebrate drift (>12,000 organisms/m3 of discharge) during the initial treatment and reduced aquatic insect densities and biomass to <10% of the levels within the adjacent untreated reference stream. Community structure in the treated stream shifted from a system dominated by small numbers of large shredding insects (e.g., Peltoperla, Pycnopsyche, Tipula) with comparatively low reproductive rates, to one dominated by large numbers of small collector-gatherers and predators (e.g., Oligochaeta, Chironomidae, Turbellaria) with high reproductive rates. Non-insect invertebrate biomass and density became significantly higher in the treated stream than in the reference stream following initial methoxychlor treatment. We interpreted this response as a consequence of increased survivorship and growth of non-insect taxa associated with both insect predator removal and a potential increase in the food quality of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM). Total invertebrate density in the treated stream increased to that of the reference stream 117 days after the initial treatment, but total invertebrate biomass in the treated stream remained significantly lower throughout the study. Counts of fungal hyphae, respiration rates of conditioned leaf discs, and ATP content of coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) were not affected by methoxychlor. However, ATP levels of FPOM were significantly higher in the treated stream than in the reference stream. Methoxychlor treatment reduced the concentration, the amount exported, and the median particle size of transported particulate organic matter (TPOM). Our study indicates that insects in forested headwater streams play a major role in both the generation and subsequent transport of FPOM to downstream reaches. Biological processes in headwater streams, where there is high physical retention of CPOM, produce and entrain small particles, whereas communities in downstream areas have evolved toward exploitation of these entrained particles.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123971000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A New Species of Freshwater Snail (Physa) from Seasonal Habitats in Connecticut","authors":"D. Taylor, E. H. Jokinen","doi":"10.2307/1467123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467123","url":null,"abstract":"Physa vernalis Taylor and Jokinen, n. sp., is described from temporary-water habitats of eastern Connecticut. It is strongly distinct from other species of the genus but most like P. jennessi of Arctic Siberia and North America. The anatomy of P. vernalis and the characteristics of the subgenus Beringophysa are compared to other subgenera of Physa in New England. Populations of Physa vernalis are generally found in temporary or small ponds, streams and ditches of soft water and low molluscan diversity.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128523898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/fresinvebiol.3.4.1467124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/fresinvebiol.3.4.1467124","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117006149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substrate Associations and Longitudinal Distributions in Species of Ephemerellidae (Ephemeroptera:Insecta) from Western Oregon","authors":"C. Hawkins","doi":"10.2307/1467122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467122","url":null,"abstract":"Substrate associations and longitudinal distributions are described for 12 species of Ephemerellidae. Habitat specialization seems to have been a major means of adaptive radiation within this family. All species showed restrictive use of available habitats: sand-gravel, cobble, boulder, or moss. Patterns of longitudinal distribution may be, in part, a consequence of the specificity that species show for different substrates.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133030867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Back Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/fresinvebiol.3.3.1467191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/fresinvebiol.3.3.1467191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"198 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1984-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115656023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}