{"title":"Descriptions of the Reproductive Organs of Nephelopsis obscura and Erpobdella punctata (Hirudinoidea:Erpobdellidae)","authors":"R. Singhal, R. Davies","doi":"10.2307/1467180","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467180","url":null,"abstract":"During the study of the anatomy of mature Nephelopsis obscura and Erpobdella punctata the structure and distribution of the male and female reproductive organs were observed. The gonopores in N. obscura and E. punctata were separated by one and two annuli, respectively. In N. obscura, the multifollicular testes lie in two lateral columns in the form of bunches occupying the posterior third quarter of the body. Two U-shaped, elongated and tubular ovaries were present dorsal to the sperm duct and ventral to the alimentary canal, occupying five segments (XIII to XVII). The ratios between the body length and the length of the gonads (ovaries and testes) varied between 0.22 and 0.81. The length ratio of the testes to the ovaries ranged from 0.27 to 0.30. The reproductive organs of E. punctata were similar, although the ovaries and testes were longer.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115991358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Distribution of Epibenthic Microcrustaceans in Nearshore Lake Michigan","authors":"T. Nalepa, M. Quigley","doi":"10.2307/1467177","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467177","url":null,"abstract":"Epibenthic distributions at depths of 11, 17, and 23 m in nearshore Lake Michigan were investigated by sampling the sediments and water column on a monthly basis from May to November 1977. The taxa with a greater portion of the population occurring in/near the sediments than in the water column were Acanthocyclops vernalis, cyclopoid copepodids IV-V, and Eurytemora affinis. The taxa occurring mostly in the water column were early stage cyclopoids (nauplii and copepodids I-III) and Bosmina longirostris. For all epibenthic taxa except nauplii, abundances in/near the sediments declined as water depth increased; total mean densities at the 11, 17, and 23 m depths were 13,300; 3,500; and 1,500/m2, respectively. In contrast, abundances in the water column did not decline with increased depth; total mean densities at the three depths were 15,300; 17,000; and 14,400/m3. Based on concentrations in the sediments and vertical distributions in the water column, many taxa were more aggregated near the bottom in spring/early summer than later in the year. This coincided with the occurence of a fine layer of detritus over the sandy sediments at this time. Nighttime dispersal off the bottom into the water column was less apparent in spring/early summer than in midsummer. Our findings suggest that in any quantitative study of microcrustaceans in nearshore areas of the Great Lakes, the sediments as well as the water column must be considered.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"120 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131044158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Austen S. Cargill, K. Cummins, B. J. Hanson, R. Lowry
{"title":"The Role of Lipids, Fungi, and Temperature in the Nutrition of a Shredder Caddisfly, Clistoronia magnifica","authors":"Austen S. Cargill, K. Cummins, B. J. Hanson, R. Lowry","doi":"10.2307/1467178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467178","url":null,"abstract":"Diets of conditioned alder (Alnus rubra) leaves, alder plus fatty acid methyl esters, alder plus aquatic hyphomycete fungi, fungi alone, and alder plus wheat were fed to larvae of the shredder caddisfly, Clistoronia magnifica (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), at two temperatures. Larvae did not complete development on the alder or alder plus fatty acids diets. Larvae fed diets of alder plus fungi and fungi alone completed development to adults but failed to reproduce. Alder plus wheat fed larvae completed development and reproduced. Large triglyceride stores synthesized from wheat starch allowed reproduction in alder plus wheat fed animals. Nitrogen did not appear to limit reproduction because protein content of animals did not differ between diets. Temperature did not affect survival or growth rate. However, at the higher, non-optimal temperature, triglyceride levels were reduced during the pupal stage of animals fed alder plus wheat. It is suggested that food quality should be defined in terms of reproductive capacity and that temperature-food quality interactions are mediated through lipid metabolism in this insect.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"303 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128627950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Energetics of Two Populations of the Unionid, Anodonta cataracta (Say)","authors":"C. G. Paterson, I. Cameron","doi":"10.2307/1467179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467179","url":null,"abstract":"Anodonta cataracta from Layton's Lake are more abundant (24.3/m2), have a substantially higher rate of tissue weight accumulation and lower rates of respiration, filtration and fecal production than individuals from Morice Lake (3.9/m2). Seston concentrations are only slightly higher in Layton's Lake but concentrations of suspended organic carbon do not differ. In spite of higher seston densities, the lower filtration rate of Layton's Lake Anodonta resulted in a lower potential clearance of particles. Possible explanations for the differences in energetics of the two populations are discussed.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"22 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129216215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Seasonal Variation in the Time Course of Thermal Acclimation in the Crayfish Orconectes rusticus","authors":"J. R. Layne, Mara L. Manis, D. Claussen","doi":"10.2307/1467181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467181","url":null,"abstract":"The time courses of thermal acclimation for heat tolerances (critical thermal maxima, CTMax) and cold tolerances (critical thermal minima, CTMin) were examined in winter and summer for the crayfish Orconectes rusticus. The CTMax and CTMin were monitored at various intervals during a low (5° C) to high (25° C) temperature transfer or a high (25° C) to low (5° C) temperature transfer (summer only). CTMax and CTMin were higher in summer than in winter throughout most of the low to high temperature time course. Additionally, the loss of cold resistance and the gain in heat resistance occurred more rapidly in summer than in winter. The loss in cold resistance and gain in heat resistance were faster than their counterpart gain and loss in the high to low temperature transfer. Certain of these resistances for O. rusticus approached its range of ecologically encountered temperatures, and these acclimation responses may thus be adaptively important. Furthermore, the seasonal adjustments of the time courses of thermal acclimation enhance the ability of this species to compensate for changes in its natural environment.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125310605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Recent Range Expansion of the Freshwater Mussel Anodonta implicata and Its Relationship to Clupeid Fish Restoration in the Connecticut River System","authors":"Douglas G. Smith","doi":"10.2307/1467182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467182","url":null,"abstract":"The range of Anodonta implicata in the Connecticut River prior to 1970 was known not to extend upstream from Hartford, Connecticut. Since 1970 A. implicata has increased its range upstream in the Connecticut River to Bellows Falls, Vermont. This rapid range expansion appears to be correlated with chronological episodes of clupeid fish restoration above successive dams in the Connecticut River. Anodonta implicata, therefore, can be used as an indicator of success of clupeid fish restoration.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126720428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Winter-Spring Depth Distribution of Chironomidae in a Southeastern Reservoir","authors":"M. Diggins, J. Thorp","doi":"10.2307/1467194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467194","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution and abundance of midges (Diptera: Chironomidae) along a water depth gradient were studied in thermal and ambient temperature areas of a reservoir in the southeastern United States. Benthic samples were taken at 10 depths (0.16-5 m) during the winter and spring of 1978. Density, genera richness, and genera diversity increased progressively from the shore line to moderately shallow depths (1-2 m) and then decreased at greater depths. This pattern of benthos distribution in Par Pond is compared with those in other lentic systems. Causes for this pattern are multiple but probably relate to habitat complexity (vegetation) and substrate characteristics.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128184975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Survival Following Exposure to Subzero Temperatures and Respiration in Cold Acclimatized Larvae of Enallagma boreale (Odonata:Zygoptera)","authors":"W. Duffy, C. Liston","doi":"10.2307/1467193","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467193","url":null,"abstract":"Larvae of Enallagma boreale survived exposure to -1.0° C (53%) and -4.0° C (10%). Ability to survive was not related to rate of cooling or duration of exposure. Respiration rates ranged from 0.10 ml O2/g/h at -1.0° C to 0.92 ml O2/g/h at 30.0° C. At -1.0° C the respiratory quotient of larvae was 0.72, indicating lipids were being metabolized. Calculated metabolic costs for the overwintering period were 40.5% of total body calories. It is suggested that overwintering frozen into ice at moderately cold temperatures may be energetically advantageous.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123006301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Factors Influencing Invertebrate Size Distributions in Prairie Potholes and Implications for Coexisting Duck Species","authors":"D. Armstrong, T. Nudds","doi":"10.2307/1467198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/1467198","url":null,"abstract":"Species of dabbling ducks which co-occur on, and obtain invertebrates from potholes in prairie Canada do not display habitat- and diet-niche complementarity as predicted by competition theory. We hypothesized that this was because some aspect of the diet niche of ducks was not independent of the habitat niche. Because dabbling ducks partition invertebrate foods on the basis of size, we tested whether invertebrate size distributions in potholes were influenced by microhabitat structure. Activity traps were used to sample aquatic invertebrates weekly from late May to early July at 50 sites over a gradient of water depth and emergent and submergent vegetation density. Presence of submergent vegetation correlated significantly with invertebrate size; emergent vegetation density and water depth accounted significantly for additional variation in invertebrate size. Invertebrate size also decreased with time over all sites. These patterns 1) are consistent with a general theory of the distribution of particle sizes in aquatic environments and 2) point out the problem of testing for patterns of niche complementarity among coexisting predators of invertebrates when some characteristics of the invertebrate resource by which predators partition it, like size, is not independent of a habitat gradient which the predators also partition.","PeriodicalId":154110,"journal":{"name":"Freshwater Invertebrate Biology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1985-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117352548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}