Dieter Pätzold MD, Alexander Vonbank MD, Martin Clodi MD, Harald Sourij MD, Dietmar Hubner MD, Christoph Ebenbichler MD, Ailís Fagan PhD, Gabriella Farries PhD, Elisabeth Hofstätter PhD, Markus Nitzlader MSc, Doris Gangl PhD, Christopher Adlbrecht MD
{"title":"Real-world assessment of adherence to inclisiran dosing schedule and LDL-C reduction in patients with hypercholesterolemia in Austria","authors":"Dieter Pätzold MD, Alexander Vonbank MD, Martin Clodi MD, Harald Sourij MD, Dietmar Hubner MD, Christoph Ebenbichler MD, Ailís Fagan PhD, Gabriella Farries PhD, Elisabeth Hofstätter PhD, Markus Nitzlader MSc, Doris Gangl PhD, Christopher Adlbrecht MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.07.025","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.07.025","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Inclisiran is a small interfering RNA that safely and effectively lowers low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with twice-yearly dosing (after the initial and 3-month doses). However, data on real-world inclisiran use are limited.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This descriptive, noninterventional, retrospective chart review aimed to assess dosing schedule adherence, patient profiles, and LDL-C change in participants prescribed inclisiran sodium 300 mg (equivalent to 284 mg inclisiran) in routine clinical practice in Austria.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>Participants with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), ASCVD risk equivalent, or familial hypercholesterolemia, LDL-C ≥70 mg/dL <6 months before the 1st inclisiran dose who received ≥1 inclisiran dose between February 1, 2021, and June 30, 2022, were included.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Of participants who initiated inclisiran (N = 95), 96.8% and 89.5% received the 2nd and 3rd doses, respectively, with 95.5% receiving the 2nd dose <5 months of the 1st dose and 73.4% receiving the 3rd dose 6 to 9 months after the 2nd dose. At baseline, median LDL-C was high (122.0 mg/dL) despite 77.9% of participants receiving lipid-lowering therapy (LLT); concomitant LLT use was reduced to 55.8% after initiating inclisiran. Median LDL-C reduction after the 1st and 2nd doses was 44.7% and 40.8%, respectively. In a subcohort with concomitant statin use, median LDL-C reduction from baseline was 55.7% and 56.0% after the 1st and 2nd dose, respectively, with 87.9% achieving LDL-C <55 mg/dL after the 2nd or 3rd dose. Absolute LDL-C reduction was consistent irrespective of concomitant statin use.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>In a real-world setting in Austria, inclisiran demonstrated a favorable early therapeutic impact, including high adherence to the recommended dosing schedule and sustained LDL-C reductions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"20 9","pages":"Pages 1921-1932"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148689273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Daniela Bacich MD, Enrico Giuseppe Italiano MD, Marika Faggioli MD, Laura Rizzo MD, Nicola Pradegan MD, Giuseppe Toscano MD, Chiara Tessari MD, PhD, Vincenzo Tarzia MD, PhD
{"title":"Association between lipoprotein (a) levels and cardiac allograft vasculopathy among heart transplant recipients: Insights from a single-center cohort","authors":"Daniela Bacich MD, Enrico Giuseppe Italiano MD, Marika Faggioli MD, Laura Rizzo MD, Nicola Pradegan MD, Giuseppe Toscano MD, Chiara Tessari MD, PhD, Vincenzo Tarzia MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.07.024","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.07.024","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Serum lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in the general population, but its association with cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) development has not been firmly established.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>To assess the distribution of Lp(a) levels in heart transplant (HT) recipients and evaluate the correlation between Lp(a) levels and the presence and severity of CAV.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>A retrospective observational cohort study encompassing 271 adult HT recipients on regular outpatient follow-up in a tertiary center. Lp(a) concentration was assessed during the last follow-up visit and compared between patients with and without clinically significant CAV, International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (grade 2-3 vs 0-1).</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Median serum Lp(a) concentration was 40 nmol/L; 62 patients (23%) had Lp(a) >125 nmol/L. Median Lp(a) levels did not significantly differ between patients with CAV 0-1 and patients with CAV 2-3 (median 37 vs 55 nmol/L, <em>P</em> = 0.408). High (>125 nmol/L) Lp(a) levels were not associated with CAV 2-3, neither on univariable nor on multivariable analysis (hazard ratio multivariate 1.02, 95% CI: 0.35-2.95, <em>P</em> = 0.977). Elevated Lp(a) concentrations (>75, >125, >200 nmol/L) did not show significant correlation with either CAV 2-3 nor with CAV 1-2-3. Older donor age was significantly related to CAV development (+1.018% increase of CAV for every year of increase of donor age, <em>P</em> value 0.009).</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>Elevated serum Lp(a) levels were not associated with the presence and severity of CAV in patients with HT with long post-transplant follow-up. The relationship between Lp(a) and CAV warrants further investigation, given the small sample of the current study.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"20 9","pages":"Pages 1988-1997"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148697779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Carol F. Kirkpatrick PhD, MPH, RDN, CLS, FNLA, Vera A. Bittner MD, MSPH, FACC, FAHA, MNLA, MAACVPR
{"title":"Lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions for adults with hypertriglyceridemia: Critical to reduce risk of ASCVD and pancreatitis but often underutilized","authors":"Carol F. Kirkpatrick PhD, MPH, RDN, CLS, FNLA, Vera A. Bittner MD, MSPH, FACC, FAHA, MNLA, MAACVPR","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.05.224","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.05.224","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The 2026 American College of Cardiology (ACC)/American Heart Association (AHA)/Multisociety Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia (2026 Guideline) replaces the 2018 AHA/ACC/Multisociety Guideline on the Management of Blood Cholesterol. The 2026 Guideline expands the section on the management of hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and acknowledges that triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoproteins contribute to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk. The 2026 Guideline emphasizes lifestyle interventions as the foundation of HTG management and recommends risk-based pharmacologic interventions for prevention of both ASCVD and pancreatitis. Nutritional interventions, preferably provided as medical nutrition therapy by registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs), should be individualized based on underlying causes and degree of TG elevation. Referral rates to RDNs have been historically low, in part due to lack of awareness by providers and patients, and in part due to lack of RDN availability and lack of payer coverage. The 2026 Guideline emphasizes the importance of RDN involvement in care, especially for complex patients. Pharmacologic management requires initial and ongoing assessment of risk of ASCVD and pancreatitis, as well as modifications in therapy as appropriate. When TGs are ≥500 mg/dL, and especially ≥1000 mg/dL, preventing pancreatitis is the primary concern. Patients should be reassessed for ASCVD risk once TGs are reduced. Shared decision-making is critical to these discussions of lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions. Implementation of these recommendations necessitates clinician and patient education, as well as improvements in access and coverage for RDN involvement and combination pharmacotherapy, to enhance care of patients with HTG and reduce their risks of ASCVD and pancreatitis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"20 9","pages":"Pages 25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148217150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Two cases of late-onset lysosomal acid lipase deficiency with Achilles tendon thickening","authors":"Masahito Michikura PhD, Mariko Harada-Shiba MD, PhD, Kota Matsuki MD, PhD, Masatsune Ogura MD, PhD, Hideaki Morita MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.07.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.07.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) is a rare autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, classified into early-onset form and late-onset form. Late-onset LAL-D is characterized by dyslipidemia resembling familial hypercholesterolemia (FH), often leading to diagnostic challenges. Achilles tendon (AT) thickening is a well-known physical hallmark of FH, whereas it has not previously been reported in late-onset LAL-D. We report 2 cases of late-onset LAL-D in young women who exhibited AT thickening in ultrasonography. Both patients demonstrated markedly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reduced lysosomal acid lipase activity, with pathogenic <em>lipase A lysosomal acid type</em> gene variants confirming the diagnosis of late-onset LAL-D. Ultrasonographic evaluation revealed AT thickening meeting the Japanese Atherosclerosis Society criteria for FH, with homogeneous internal tendon structures lacking hypoechoic areas or calcification. Notably, the internal echogenicity differed from that typically observed in FH, suggesting distinct underlying lipid deposition patterns. Late-onset LAL-D leads to intracellular accumulation of cholesterol esters and triglycerides within lysosomes, whereas FH is characterized by both intracellular lipid accumulation within macrophage foam cells and extracellular lipid deposition. These differences may account for the distinct ultrasonographic appearances of the AT observed in late-onset LAL-D compared with FH. This is the first report of AT thickening in patients with late-onset LAL-D. Our findings suggest that late-onset LAL-D should be included in the differential diagnosis when AT thickening is observed in patients with dyslipidemia. The combined assessment of AT ultrasonography and lipid profiles may enable accurate differentiation between late-onset LAL-D and FH, thereby facilitating early and appropriate diagnosis and management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"20 9","pages":"Pages 2078-2084"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148578799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Andrew M. Cyr MD, MA, Ji-Cheng (Jason) Hsieh MD, Christian Leung MD, Rahul Rege MD, Spencer Weintraub MD, Lauren Block MD MPH
{"title":"Long-term knowledge and screening outcomes following a gamified lipoprotein(a) curriculum for internal medicine residents at a large academic ambulatory practice","authors":"Andrew M. Cyr MD, MA, Ji-Cheng (Jason) Hsieh MD, Christian Leung MD, Rahul Rege MD, Spencer Weintraub MD, Lauren Block MD MPH","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.05.222","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.05.222","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"20 9","pages":"Pages 2093-2094"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148175305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Joseph J. Saseen PharmD, MNLA, FACC (Co-Editor), Daniel E. Soffer MD, MNLA, FAHA, FACP (Co-Editor)
{"title":"The 2026 ACC/AHA/Multisociety Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia—Best evidence and practices aligned","authors":"Joseph J. Saseen PharmD, MNLA, FACC (Co-Editor), Daniel E. Soffer MD, MNLA, FAHA, FACP (Co-Editor)","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.04.023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.04.023","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"20 9","pages":"Pages 1-3"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147987418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Associations between non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and renal pathological changes in a population with apparently normal kidney function","authors":"Eri Ataka MD, PhD, Yuta Matsukuma MD, PhD, Kenji Ueki MD, PhD, Akihiro Tsuchimoto MD, PhD, Yasuhiro Okabe MD, PhD, Kosuke Masutani MD, PhD, Masafumi Nakamura MD, PhD, Takanari Kitazono MD, PhD, Toshiaki Nakano MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.07.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.07.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Dyslipidemia has been identified as a crucial factor for atherosclerotic disease. Recently, evidence for involvement of non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (nHDL-C) in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease has been accumulating, and an association with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been reported. However, few studies have investigated the relationships between nHDL-C levels and renal pathological changes.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>To investigate the associations between nHDL-C levels and renal pathological changes in living kidney donors with apparently normal kidney function.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, we examined time-zero biopsy specimens from 345 living kidney donors and evaluated the relationships between serum nHDL-C levels and renal pathological changes, including arteriolar hyalinization, luminal stenosis of small-to-medium arteries, global glomerulosclerosis, and glomerular hypertrophy. We also evaluated the predictive performance of nHDL-C by calculating the net reclassification improvement (NRI) vs low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C).</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>The distribution of nHDL-C levels was as follows: <100 mg/dL in 15 patients (4%), 100 to 129 mg/dL in 84 patients (24%), 130 to 169 mg/dL in 160 patients (46%), and ≥170 mg/dL in 86 patients (25%). High nHDL-C was significantly associated with the prevalence of severe luminal stenosis (multivariable-adjusted odds ratio [OR] for nHDL-C ≥170 mg/dL vs nHDL-C 100 to 129 mg/dL: 3.62 [95% CI: 1.09-12.0]). Higher nHDL-C level was also associated with glomerular hypertrophy (OR per 10 nHDL-C increase: 1.19 [1.00-1.41]). In the NRI analyses, the model with nHDL-C added to the basic atherosclerotic factors exhibited better predictive performance for severe luminal stenosis than the model with LDL-C added to these factors (continuous NRI: 0.45 [0.13-0.78]).</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>High nHDL-C levels are potentially associated with renal pathological injury in subjects without CKD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"20 9","pages":"Pages 1788-1798"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148603499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gregorio Fariña BS, Amira Sleiman MD, Rodrigo Alonso MD, PhD, Jonhayro Gutiérrez Restrepo MD, Camila Spagnuolo BS, Natalia Agudelo Valencia MD, Josefina González Moore MD, Diana Sánchez Peñarete MD, Nadia Schvarzman BS, Alejandro Román González MD, Claudia Monsalve MD, Ada Cuevas MD, MSc, Luciana Yenny Melnik MD, Pablo Alberto Castaño Ceballos MD, Augusto Lavalle Cobo MD, Eduardo Osvaldo Esteban MD, Daniel Aimone MD, Alejandro Castellanos Pinedo MD, Juan Patricio Nogueira MD, PhD, Gabriela Berg PhD
{"title":"Utility of clinical scoring systems, laboratory, and genetic testing for appropriate classification of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia in a Latin American cohort","authors":"Gregorio Fariña BS, Amira Sleiman MD, Rodrigo Alonso MD, PhD, Jonhayro Gutiérrez Restrepo MD, Camila Spagnuolo BS, Natalia Agudelo Valencia MD, Josefina González Moore MD, Diana Sánchez Peñarete MD, Nadia Schvarzman BS, Alejandro Román González MD, Claudia Monsalve MD, Ada Cuevas MD, MSc, Luciana Yenny Melnik MD, Pablo Alberto Castaño Ceballos MD, Augusto Lavalle Cobo MD, Eduardo Osvaldo Esteban MD, Daniel Aimone MD, Alejandro Castellanos Pinedo MD, Juan Patricio Nogueira MD, PhD, Gabriela Berg PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.07.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2026.07.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by severe hypertriglyceridemia (sHTG) due to variants in canonical genes (<em>LPL</em> [lipoprotein lipase], <em>APOA5</em>, <em>APOC2</em>, <em>GPIHBP1</em>, and <em>LMF1</em>); its genotype distribution in Latin America remains scarcely reported. Given limited access to genetic testing and frequent negative results in clinically consistent cases, clinical scores and lipid ratios have been proposed to predict FCS.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>This study aimed to outline the genetic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics, as well as the performance of scoring systems, in a Latin American cohort of patients with sHTG.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>Genetic, clinical, and biochemical data were obtained in 77 individuals with sHTG (TG >10 mmol/L), including 28 genetically diagnosed FCS and 49 multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS). Triglyceride/total cholesterol (TG/TC), TG/apolipoprotein B (apoB) ratios, and Moulin and North American Familial Chylomicronemia Score (NAFCS) scores were calculated.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Among patients with FCS, non-<em>LPL</em> monogenic defects were present in 64% of patients (n = 18), with variants in <em>APOA5</em> (n = 11), <em>GPIHBP1</em> (n = 3), <em>APOC2</em> (n = 2), and <em>LMF1</em> (n = 2). Diagnosis was frequently delayed, and body mass index overlapped across groups. Biochemical biomarkers showed good diagnostic performance, with AUCs of 0.767 (95% CI: 0.640-0.876; <em>P</em> < 0.0001) for TG/TC and 0.790 (95% CI: 0.651-0.906; <em>P</em> < 0.0001) for TG/apoB. Moulin score showed high sensitivity (91.3%), whereas NAFCS score showed high specificity (90.9%).</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>This large multicenter Latin American study of sHTG reveals a distinct genetic landscape from other regions. It also supports the performance of clinical scores and the discriminatory accuracy of biochemical indices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"20 9","pages":"Pages 1870-1880"},"PeriodicalIF":6.9,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148620454","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}