Journal of clinical lipidology最新文献

{"title":"Effect of olezarsen on routinely measured lipase and amylase levels in familial chylomicronemia syndrome","authors":"Veronica J. Alexander PhD ,&nbsp;Thomas A. Prohaska MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Ewa Karwatowska-Prokopczuk MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Shuting Xia MS ,&nbsp;Sotirios Tsimikas MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Olezarsen reduces acute pancreatitis events in patients with familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS). Lipase and amylase are biomarkers of acute pancreatitis released by the pancreas.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>To assess whether routinely measured plasma levels of lipase and amylase are modified by treatment with olezarsen in patients with FCS.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>Lipase and amylase were measured at baseline, and days 85, 169, 253, and 365 in patients randomly assigned to placebo, olezarsen 50 mg and 80 mg monthly for 365 days in the Balance trial.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Compared to placebo, significant differences were present in lipase levels in olezarsen 80 mg at days 85 (<em>P</em> = .026), 169 (<em>P =</em> .036) and 253 (<em>P =</em> .036) with a trend at day 365 (<em>P =</em> .096). Average percent change from baseline from day 1 to day 365 revealed a mean (SD) percent increase in lipase of 12.6% (32.4) in placebo, a 6.7% (45.4) increase in olezarsen 50 mg (<em>P =</em> .26 vs placebo) and a reduction of -10.4% (22.7) in olezarsen 80 mg (<em>P =</em> .035 vs placebo) groups. In patients without a reported adverse event of abdominal pain, the placebo group showed a mean percent increase in lipase ranging from 7.91% to 39.1% from day 1 to day 365, olezarsen 50 mg -8.47% to 24.0%, and olezarsen 80 mg -15.4% to -29.6%, leading to significant differences at day 85 (<em>P =</em> .014), day 169 (<em>P =</em> .028), day 253 (<em>P =</em> .008), and day 365 (<em>P =</em> .045) (<em>P</em>-values vs placebo). Changes in amylase mirrored changes in lipase but did not reach statistical significance.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>Changes in routinely measured lipase levels may reflect subclinical pancreatic injury. Olezarsen favorably modifies changes in lipase in patients with FCS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 1109-1118"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144608473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sitosterolemia caused by compound heterozygosis of 2 allelic variants in the ABCG5 gene—21 years of follow-up","authors":"Jean G.V. Coutinho MD ,&nbsp;Ana C.S. Costa PhD ,&nbsp;Milka M.M. Issa MD ,&nbsp;Neiva P. Paim MD ,&nbsp;Elisangela P.S. Quedas PhD ,&nbsp;Valeria S. Nunes PhD ,&nbsp;Alexander A.L. Jorge MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Edna R. Nakandakare MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Alexandre J.F. Carrilho MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.06.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.06.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Sitosterolemia is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by elevated phytosterol levels in the bloodstream and tissues due to increased absorption and reduced biliary excretion. This condition arises from mutations in one of two genes, ABCG5 or ABCG8, located on chromosome 2p21.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>We report the case of a patient, and his first-degree relatives, diagnosed with sitosterolemia at the age of 23.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>The patient was monitored for 21 years, during which he was advised to adopt a low-plant sterol diet and was treated with ezetimibe.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Over this period, he experienced resolution of splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia, stabilization or reduction in xanthoma growth, and absence of cardiovascular events. Despite these clinical improvements, plasma concentrations of campesterol and β-sitosterol remained above normal levels. Genetic analysis identified two variants in the ABCG5 gene (NM_022436.3): c.64C&gt;<em>T</em>:p.(Gln22*) in exon 1 (rs781098379), a known pathogenic variant, and c.1217G&gt;<em>A</em> p.(Arg406Gln) in exon 9 (rs375364242), described as likely pathogenic.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>We propose that the exon 9 variant is indeed pathogenic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 1139-1144"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144690461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiovascular risk and lipid control in older adults: Compliance with LDL and non-HDL cholesterol and triglyceride goals in a national cross-sectional study","authors":"Cristian Orlando Porras Bueno MD ,&nbsp;Jesús Andres Beltrán España MD ,&nbsp;Carolina Murgueitio Guzmán MD ,&nbsp;Cándida Diaz-Brochero MD, MSC ,&nbsp;Ángel Alberto García Peña MD, MSC","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.197","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.197","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a key therapeutic target, yet data on compliance with lipid goals in older adults from low- and middle-income countries are limited.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>To evaluate the compliance with lipid profile goals in older adults.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>This cross-sectional study analyzed 1270 adults aged ≥60 years from the Survey on Health, Well-being, and Ageing in Latin America and the Caribbean (SABE) Colombia 2015 survey. Cardiovascular risk was assessed via Framingham, ASCVD 2013, and SCORE2 models calibrated for Colombia, and lipid profile compliance was evaluated.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Most participants were at high or very high risk according to the SCORE2 (54.10%), ASCVD (10%), and Framingham (10.87%) criteria. LDL-C target compliance was low, ranging from 0.72% (Framingham) to 3.93% (ASCVD). Triglyceride targets were better achieved, with 54.88% meeting goals in the highest SCORE2 category.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>Older Colombian adults have poor compliance with lipid goals, underscoring the urgent need for enhanced preventive strategies in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 869-877"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144142569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recognition and management of persistent chylomicronemia: A Joint Expert Clinical Consensus by the National Lipid Association and the American Society for Preventive Cardiology","authors":"Seyedmohammad Saadatagah MD ,&nbsp;Miriam Larouche MSc ,&nbsp;Mohammadreza Naderian MD, MPH ,&nbsp;Vijay Nambi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Diane Brisson PhD ,&nbsp;Iftikhar J. Kullo MD ,&nbsp;P. Barton Duell MD ,&nbsp;Erin D. Michos MD, MHS ,&nbsp;Michael D. Shapiro DO, MCR ,&nbsp;Gerald F. Watts DSc, PhD, DM ,&nbsp;Daniel Gaudet MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Christie M. Ballantyne MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.03.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.03.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Extreme hypertriglyceridemia, defined as triglyceride (TG) levels ≥1000 mg/dL, is almost always indicative of chylomicronemia. The current diagnostic approach categorizes individuals with chylomicronemia into familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS; prevalence 1-10 per million), caused by the biallelic combination of pathogenic variants that impair the lipolytic action of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), or multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome (MCS, 1 in 500). A pragmatic framework should emphasize the severity of the phenotype and the risk of complications. Therefore, we endorse the term “persistent chylomicronemia (PC)” defined as TG ≥1000 mg/dL in more than half of the measurements to encompass patients with the highest risk for pancreatitis, regardless of their genetic predisposition. We suggest classification of PC into 4 subtypes: (1) genetic FCS, (2) clinical FCS, (3) PC with “alarm” features, and (4) PC without alarm features. Although patients with FCS most likely have PC, the vast majority with PC do not have genetic FCS. Proposed alarm features are: (a) history of recurrent TG-induced acute pancreatitis, (b) recurrent hospitalizations for severe abdominal pain without another identified cause, (c) childhood pancreatitis, (d) family history of TG-induced pancreatitis, and/or (e) postheparin LPL activity &lt;20% of normal value. Alarm features constitute the strongest risk factors for future acute pancreatitis risk. Patients with PC and alarm features have very high risk of pancreatitis, comparable to that in patients with FCS. Effective, innovative treatments for PC, like apolipoprotein C-III inhibitors, have been developed. Combined with lifestyle modifications, these agents markedly lower TG levels and risk of pancreatitis in the very-high-risk groups, irrespective of the monogenic etiology. Pragmatic definitions, education, and focus on patients with PC, specifically those with alarm features, could help mitigate the risk of acute pancreatitis and other complications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 723-736"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Circulating apolipoprotein B levels in statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease: Implications for coronary atheroma progression and instability","authors":"Sayaka Funabashi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yu Kataoka MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Stephen J. Nicholls MBBS, PhD ,&nbsp;Satoshi Kitahara MD ,&nbsp;Hisashi Makino MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Masaki Matsubara MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Miki Matsuo MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Yoko Omura-Ohata MD ,&nbsp;Ryo Koezuka MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Mayu Tochiya MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Tamiko Tamanaha MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Tsutomu Tomita MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kyoko Honda-Kohmo MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Michio Noguchi MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Kota Murai MD ,&nbsp;Kenichiro Sawada MD ,&nbsp;Takamasa Iwai MD ,&nbsp;Hideo Matama MD ,&nbsp;Satoshi Honda MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Masashi Fujino MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Teruo Noguchi MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.204","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.204","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Type 2 diabetic patients exhibited an increased secretion of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels with a greater amount of small dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Given that apolipoprotein B (apoB), a proatherogenic lipoprotein, exists at both triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and LDL particles, circulating apoB may associate with diabetic coronary atherosclerosis.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>The OPTIMAL study was a prospective randomized-controlled study which employed serial near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)/intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) imaging to evaluate the efficacy of glycemic control on coronary atherosclerosis in 94 statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) (UMIN000036721). Of these, 78 patients with both serial apoB levels and NIRS/IVUS images at baseline and week 48 were analyzed. NIRS/IVUS-derived plaque measures were compared in those with and without any reduction of apoB levels.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>All of the study subjects received a statin, and 60.6% of the study subjects exhibited any reduction of apoB levels. There was no significant difference in the atheroma progression rate between the 2 groups (–0.27 ± 0.15% vs –0.33 ± 0.51%, <em>P</em> = .44). However, patients with any reduction of apoB levels exhibited a greater frequency of change in maximal lipid-core burden index at 4-mm segment (maxLCBI_4mm) (–13.4 ± 22.2% vs 70.3 ± 28.7%, <em>P</em> = .03) and maxLCBI_4mm regression (61.1 ± 0.08% vs 31.0 ± 0.09%, <em>p</em> = .02). Multivariate analysis demonstrated change in apoB as an independent factor associated with maxLCBI_4mm regression (odds ratio = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.87-0.98, <em>P</em> = .01).</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSIONS</h3><div>In statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with CAD, a greater delipidation of coronary atherosclerosis was observed in association with a reduction of apoB levels. The current findings indicate a potential anti-atherosclerotic effect of lowering apoB levels, which may ultimately mitigate future coronary events risk in statin-treated type 2 diabetic patients with CAD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 888-898"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144484564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Triglyceride-glucose index and 28-day all-cause mortality in critically ill obese patients: A MIMIC-IV database analysis","authors":"Wen-qiang Wang BSc,&nbsp;Mei-zhu Chen MSc,&nbsp;Yan-hui Yang BSc","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been linked to various metabolic disorders. This study aimed to investigate the association between the TyG index and 28-day all-cause mortality in obese critically ill patients.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>This study utilized the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC-IV) database and included adult patients with body mass index ≥30 kg/m² admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) for the first time. The TyG index was calculated as ln[fasting triglycerides (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. The relationship between the TyG index and 28-day all-cause mortality was evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models, and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to explore the dose-response relationship. Subgroup analyses were used to confirm the robustness of the results.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>During a mean ICU stay of 7.22 days, 291 patients (22.79%) experienced 28-day all-cause mortality. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significantly increased mortality risk with higher TyG index quartiles (log-rank <em>P</em> &lt; .001). Multivariable Cox regression showed that each 1-unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 41% higher mortality risk (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.21-1.63). Patients in quartile 4 had a 98% higher risk compared to quartile 1 (HR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.30-3.02). RCS analysis showed that higher levels of TyG index (&gt;9.25) were associated with an increased risk of 28-day all-cause mortality. Subgroup analyses confirmed consistent associations across age, sex, and comorbidity subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>The TyG index is significantly associated with 28-day all-cause mortality in obese critically ill patients. A higher TyG index serves as an independent predictor of short-term mortality risk in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 960-968"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144317043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"LpX and LpZ associated hypercholesterolemia in a patient with primary sclerosing cholangitis – A case report","authors":"Chen Gurevitz MD ,&nbsp;Irina Shalaurova MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Margery A. Connelly PhD, MBA ,&nbsp;Robert S. Rosenson MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.05.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>This case report highlights the complex interplay between cholestatic liver disease and lipoproteins in a 45-year-old male with primary sclerosing cholangitis who presents with severe hyper-cholesterolemia. Nuclear magnetic resonance lipoprofile revealed marked elevations in </span>lipoprotein X<span> and lipoprotein Z (LpZ), with LpZ being the predominant abnormal lipoprotein. Treatment with evolocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) monoclonal antibody, effectively reduced LpZ levels, with a consequent decrease in low-density lipoprotein particle concentration. Subsequent treatment with rosuvastatin<span> 5 mg daily further lowered LpZ levels without exacerbating liver dysfunction. This case emphasizes the importance of distinguishing secondary lipoprotein abnormalities from primary hypercholesterolemia in patients with liver disease, in order to guide personalized therapeutic strategies.</span></span></div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 1171-1173"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144325893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in a high-consanguinity population: Insights from a Saudi cohort","authors":"Afaf Alsagheir MD ,&nbsp;Ismail A. Abdullah MD ,&nbsp;Mohammed Albitar MD ,&nbsp;Alhanouf Aljaser MD ,&nbsp;Rahaf Alansari MD ,&nbsp;Anas Ali MD ,&nbsp;Maeen Aldamouni MD ,&nbsp;Ziad Alhosainy MD ,&nbsp;Rojina Mohamed MD ,&nbsp;Heba Jaamour MD ,&nbsp;Raghad Alhuthil BHS ,&nbsp;Saad Al-hamoudi MD ,&nbsp;Abdualziz Aldayel MD ,&nbsp;Mohammad Aljumaa MD ,&nbsp;Yara Khamaj MD ,&nbsp;Ali Mcrabi MD ,&nbsp;Meshari Alquayt MD ,&nbsp;Abdullah Al-Ashwal MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.185","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.185","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (HoFH) is a genetic disorder characterized by markedly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and a significantly increased risk of early-onset cardiovascular disease (CVD) and premature death. This study investigates the clinical features, treatment outcomes, genetic findings, and reverse cascade screening results for HoFH patients.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>A total of 88 HoFH patients from 65 families following at a large referral center between 2010 and 2023 were included. Clinical, genetic, and outcome data were obtained through electronic chart review and phone interviews.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Among the 88 patients (45.4% males; median age: 17 years), <em>LDLR</em><span> mutations were identified in 100%. Positive family history and consanguinity were reported in 87.5% and 75% of patients, respectively. Reverse cascade screening led to the identification of 76 additional affected relatives, with a median of 7 individuals per family. Treatment included lifestyle modification, lipid-lowering medications (79.5%), LDL apheresis (29.6%), and liver transplantation (20.5%). As for treatment outcomes, liver transplant showed the most significant LDL-C reduction (83.3% decrease, </span><em>p</em> &lt; .001), followed by lomitapide-based therapy (69.4%, <em>p</em> = .004). Complications included xanthomas (62.5%) and CVD (38.6%), with a mortality rate of 13.6% (median age at death: 16 years), primarily due to cardiovascular events.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>HoFH poses an underrecognized public health challenge in Saudi Arabia, particularly in the context of high consanguinity and founder mutations. Early diagnosis through genetic and reverse cascade screening, along with aggressive management, is essential to improving survival. These findings highlight the urgent need for national screening programs and expanded access to advanced lipid-lowering therapies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 1055-1063"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144333159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The unsolved question of the most optimal combination of lipid-lowering therapies","authors":"Alberto Cordero MD, PhD, FESC ,&nbsp;Armando Oterino MD, PhD ,&nbsp;Miriam Martin-Toro MD ,&nbsp;Rosa Fernandez Olmo MD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.183","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.183","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 1179-1180"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144917110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Increased prevalence of coronary heart disease among current smokers carrying APOL1 risk variants within the African American population","authors":"Jelena Mustra Rakic PhD ,&nbsp;Clive R. Pullinger PhD ,&nbsp;Erin L. Van Blarigan ScD ,&nbsp;Irina Movsesyan BSc ,&nbsp;Eveline Oestreicher Stock MD ,&nbsp;Mary J. Malloy MD ,&nbsp;John P. Kane MD, PhD","doi":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.189","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jacl.2025.04.189","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>BACKGROUND</h3><div>The apolipoprotein L1 <em>(APOL1</em>) G1 and G2 gene variants, highly prevalent among the African American population (rare in other racial groups), are linked to increased risk of kidney disease, sepsis, and potentially coronary heart disease (CHD). Their role in tobacco-related CHD remains unclear.</div></div><div><h3>OBJECTIVE</h3><div>To investigate the effect of <em>APOL1</em> risk variants on the association between tobacco smoking and prevalent CHD in African American adults.</div></div><div><h3>METHODS</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 519 African American adults recruited through the University of California San Francisco Lipid Clinic. Using multivariable logistic regression, we assessed the association between tobacco smoking and CHD, overall and with its most severe subtype, myocardial infarction (MI), among all participants and <em>APOL1</em> genotype subgroups.</div></div><div><h3>RESULTS</h3><div>Among participants, 41% were current (14%) or former (27%) smokers, 54% carried <em>APOL1</em> risk variants (1 or 2 alleles), and 28% had CHD, including 16% having MI. Current smokers with <em>APOL1</em> risk variants had 3.3 times higher odds of CHD compared to nonsmokers (95% CI: 1.6, 6.8), with the strongest effect observed in those with 2 risk alleles (odds ratio [OR]: 7.3, CI: 1.1, 48.6) and a substantial effect in carriers of a single risk allele (OR: 3.2, CI: 1.5, 7.2). Among non-carriers, current smoking was not significantly associated with CHD (OR: 1.3). A similar trend was observed for MI. Former smoking was associated with CHD (OR: 2.0), independent of <em>APOL1</em> genotype.</div></div><div><h3>CONCLUSION</h3><div>African American smokers with <em>APOL1</em> G1 and/or G2 risk variants may be at greater risk of CHD; this relationship appears to follow an additive model.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":15392,"journal":{"name":"Journal of clinical lipidology","volume":"19 4","pages":"Pages 1129-1138"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144064126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}