P. Hollender, S. Rosenzweig, K. Nightingale, G. Trahey
{"title":"Micro-elasticity (μ-E): CNR and resolution of acoustic radiation force impulse imaging and single- and multiple track location shear wave elasticity imaging for visualizing small targets","authors":"P. Hollender, S. Rosenzweig, K. Nightingale, G. Trahey","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0173","url":null,"abstract":"Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) imaging and shear wave elasticity imaging (SWEI) use the dynamic response of tissue to impulsive mechanical stimulus to characterize local elasticity. A variant of conventional, multiple track location SWEI (MTL-SWEI), denoted single track location SWEI (STL-SWEI) offers the promise of creating speckle-free shear wave images. This work compares the three imaging modalities using a high push and track beam density combined acquisition sequence to image stiff inclusions with diameters of 1.5 and 6 mm. STL-SWEI is shown to have significantly higher CNR than MTL-SWEI, allowing for operation at higher resolution. ARFI and STL-SWEI perform similarly in the 6 mm inclusions, but STL-SWEI images the 1.5 mm targets with the highest CNR and best resolution. The processing trade-offs between CNR and resolution for each modality are discussed.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127319858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Phased array inspection at elevated temperatures","authors":"M. Marvasti, A. Sinclair","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0210","url":null,"abstract":"Interruption of plant operation can be avoided if non destructive testing inspections are performed on-line at operating temperatures, which may be up to several hundred degrees Celsius in a petrochemical or electric power generating plant. However, there are operational temperature limits for the phased array transducers and associated plastic wedges used for ultrasonic inspections. In this paper, an ultrasonic phased array system is described for inspections at elevated temperatures of up to 350°C. Wedges are built from plastics resistant to high temperature degradation, and equipped with a cooling jacket around the array. A model of the ultrasonic beam skew pattern due to thermal gradients inside a wedge is developed. The model is used in a separate algorithm to calculate transmission and reception time delays on individual array elements for generation of plane waves in a hot test piece, while compensating for thermal gradient effects inside the wedge. The algorithm results for planar wave inspections of test pieces at 150°C demonstrate that application of conventional element time delays can lead to serious phase errors. Experimental trials indicate that plane waves can be generated in a hot test piece using the new focal law algorithm with appropriate timing delays applied to all active array elements.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129962362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Matching layers design for a plate waveguide ultrasonic transducer for flow measurement in hostile environments","authors":"M. Laws, S. Dixon, S. Ramadas","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0623","url":null,"abstract":"A wetted ultrasonic transducer with an integrated thermal buffer could allow ultrasonic techniques to be used for flow measurement in harsh environments. We have previously presented one such buffer design, consisting of parallel stainless steel strip waveguides. One disadvantage of such a design is the large impedance mismatch which is created between the buffer material and the test fluid, reducing the transmitted energy. The addition of a matching layer, with an intermediate acoustic impedance, to the waveguide can assist in reducing this effect. Such matching layers are commonly used in conventional ultrasonic transducer design, however for this application additional consideration must be given to the material selection to ensure they are suitable for use in hostile environments. In this work we have investigated several materials, selected for their thermal stability, which were then modified by loading, in order to tailor the acoustic properties to best suit our application. These materials have then been investigated using both finite element modelling and experimental techniques quantify their effectiveness as matching layers for a strip waveguide transducer system. This work has shown that and increase in the maximum emitted pressure by a factor of 3.4 may be obtained using a tungsten loaded matching layer.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129169280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Hosaka, Shinya Miyazawa, Toi Sawaguchi, R. Koda, S. Onogi, T. Mochizuki, K. Masuda
{"title":"Forming acoustic attraction force to concentrate microbubbles in flow using a matrix array transducer","authors":"N. Hosaka, Shinya Miyazawa, Toi Sawaguchi, R. Koda, S. Onogi, T. Mochizuki, K. Masuda","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0442","url":null,"abstract":"We have reported our attempts for active path selection of microbubbles by acoustic radiation forces, where we have investigated to control microbubbles by forming multiple focal points of continuous wave using a matrix array transducer. However, because those focal points were located to sweep microbubbles along the slope of sound pressure, it was difficult to concentrate microbubbles against the direction of flow. To produce attractive force to concentrate microbubbles in flow, we formed time-shared acoustic field of two focal points with phase variation. We have succeeded to concentrate microbubbles in water flow utilizing two focal points with opposite phase, where streamline of microbubbles was clearly confirmed in a thin channel. Also we confirmed induction performance using an artificial blood vessel with Y-form bifurcation, where induction rate to a desired path was calculated and varied according to the emission pattern of the focal points in time-shared acoustic fields.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126963003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dixon, A. Dhanaliwala, Dan Lin, Johnny L. Chen, A. Klibanov, J. Hossack
{"title":"In vivo acoustic contrast enhancement via simultaneous production and injection of microfluidic-produced microbubbles","authors":"A. Dixon, A. Dhanaliwala, Dan Lin, Johnny L. Chen, A. Klibanov, J. Hossack","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0205","url":null,"abstract":"Microbubble production by microfluidic devices for ultrasound contrast enhancement allows for precise control over microbubble diameter but at the cost of low production rate and poor microbubble stability. In this work, we investigated whether microbubbles produced by a microfluidic device could provide sufficient ultrasound contrast enhancement when directly injected into the mouse tail vein. Microfluidic-produced microbubbles composed of nitrogen gas and stabilized with 10% dextrose and 3% bovine serum albumin were injected for 10 seconds into the tail vein of wild type C57BL/6 mice. Short-axis ultrasound images of the right and left ventricle were acquired at 12.5 MHz and image intensity over time was analyzed. Microbubble production rates ranged between 2.5×105 and 8.3×105 microbubbles/s, and microbubble diameters were between 9.1 and 19 μm. In all cases, microbubbles were observed in both the right and left ventricle, although the average contrast enhancement was approximately 13.5 dB lower in the left ventricle than in the right ventricle. All mice survived the procedure with no observable respiratory or heart rate distress. The results of this work suggest that on-site production and immediate administration to the murine vasculature may eliminate the necessity for high microbubble production rates, long-term stability, or small microbubble diameters.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132334553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. J. Onisto, Tiago de Moraes Machado, Ramon Cravo Fernandes, Johannes Dantas de Medeiros Junior, Iliezer Tamagno, Tiago Cesar Dezotti, J. Bertuzzo
{"title":"Model-driven engineering applied to the development of embedded software for B-mode ultrasound imaging systems - A case study","authors":"H. J. Onisto, Tiago de Moraes Machado, Ramon Cravo Fernandes, Johannes Dantas de Medeiros Junior, Iliezer Tamagno, Tiago Cesar Dezotti, J. Bertuzzo","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0311","url":null,"abstract":"Our society has been experiencing an increasing dependence on medical devices. Errors in design and implementation of these systems can bring serious consequences. Technical and commercial demands are pushing the need for producing embedded devices in less time and with more features added to the final product. To deal with the difficulties of this scenario, it is presented a case study on how ELDORADO has deployed Model-driven Engineering (MDE) to develop a Real-time Ultrasound Modular Platform, which aims to be used for medical research purpose. Over 80% of the algorithms for the formation of B-mode images were developed based on this paradigm. Qualitative results demonstrate the potential of MDE application along with a consistent heterogeneous architecture and hardware/software codesign to achieve modularity, flexibility and loose coupling among signal processing, firmware/hardware.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130433793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Sammoura, Sina Akhari, Nawal Aqab, M. Mahmoud, Liwei Lin
{"title":"Multiple electrode piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers","authors":"F. Sammoura, Sina Akhari, Nawal Aqab, M. Mahmoud, Liwei Lin","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0075","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0075","url":null,"abstract":"Piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (pMUTs) with multiple electrodes were shown to have enhanced effective electromechanical coupling factors, about 211% larger than that of the state-of-the-art, single electrode design. In this work, a theoretical model of the electromechanical coupling is developed for the circular-shape, clamped unimorph pMUTs and validated with published experimental results on single electrode structures. A 4-electrode design with a 5 μm-thick poly-Si structural layer, 2 μm-thick PZT piezoelectric layer, and 135 μm in radius has an effective electromechanical coupling of 13.72%, which is 211% higher than that of a conventional single-electrode pMUT. As such, multiple electrode pMUTs could replace the state-of-art, single-electrode pMUTs for high electromechanical coupling in various ultrasonic transduction applications, such as gesture recognition and medical imaging.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127874665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jaeyoung Son, Jong-Ho Park, H. Song, Sunmi Yeo, J. Chang, T. Song, Y. Yoo
{"title":"A new automated breast ultrasound system with dual wide field-of-view imaging","authors":"Jaeyoung Son, Jong-Ho Park, H. Song, Sunmi Yeo, J. Chang, T. Song, Y. Yoo","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0400","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0400","url":null,"abstract":"Breast ultrasound imaging is useful for observing the mass according to the desired locations and differentiating the shape of consistency of the mass during breast cancer screening, but its performance is highly dependent on the examiners' skill and has a poor reproducibility. Recently-introduced automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) systems have a potential to decrease user dependency due to its automated scanning protocols. However, the current ABUS system suffers from the limited field-of-view (FOV) and the long scanning time. In this paper, a new automated breast ultrasound system with dual wide field-of-view imaging is presented. In the developed ABUS system, two 1024-element wide field-of-view linear array transducers are used for accelerating scanning time. To support dual wide transducers, two 1024-to-128 high-voltage multiplexing board and four transmit/ receive boards were embedded. The beamformed radio-frequency data are transferred to a PC module via a PCI express 2.0 interface, and then mid and back-end processing is conducted by a graphics processing unit using CUDA. This system can acquire a 3D breast volume set with 20 cm (width) × 25 cm (length) × 8 cm (depth) within 20 seconds. The further evaluation of the developed ABUS system including pre-clinical studies is under investigation. These results indicate that the proposed dual wide FOV-based ABUS system can enlarge the FOV and reduce the volume scanning time for improving clinical productivity of breast ultrasound imaging.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131325390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Caixinha, E. Velte, Mário J. Santos, Jaime B. Santos
{"title":"New approach for objective cataract classification based on ultrasound techniques using multiclass SVM classifiers","authors":"M. Caixinha, E. Velte, Mário J. Santos, Jaime B. Santos","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0599","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, ultrasound A-scan signals were acquired from healthy and cataractous porcine lenses. B-mode images were reconstructed from the collected signals. The parametric Nakagami images were subsequently constructed from the B-mode images. Acoustical and spectral parameters were obtained from the central region of the lens. Image textural parameters were extracted from the B-scan and Nakagami images. Ninety-seven parameters were extracted from a total of 75 healthy and 135 cataractous lenses. Lenses with cataract were split in two groups: incipient and advanced cataract, corresponding to a 60 and 120 minutes of immersion time in a cataract induction solution, respectively. The obtained parameters were subjected to feature selection with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and used for classification through a multiclass Support Vector Machine (SVM). This paper shows that multiclass SVM can perform effectively the classification of the cataract severity, with an overall performance of 89%, classifying correctly 93% of the features.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131329099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultrasonic motor for sample spinning of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer in high magnetic field","authors":"D. Yamaguchi, K. Suzumori, Dai Takeda, T. Kanda","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.2014.0214","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to realize a new sample spinning unit for a solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In the solid-state NMR analysis, a sample spinning in high magnetic field is an important function. We have designed and fabricated the sample spinning unit using a low-profile ultrasonic motor for high magnetic field. The unit could be driven in high magnetic flux at 9.4 T. Soli-state NMR analysis of glycine was measured using the unit. We have succeeded in applying the ultrasonic motor for solid-state NMR analysis.","PeriodicalId":153901,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Ultrasonics Symposium","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125494902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}