Gianni Bisogno, Julia Chisholm, Raquel Hladun, Gian Luca De Salvo, Florent Guerin, Michela Casanova, Henry Mandeville, Rita Alaggio, Beatrice Coppadoro, Daniel Orbach, Andrea Ferrari, Rick van Rijn, Anne-Sophie Defachelles, Myriam Ben-Arush, Heidi Glosli, Maja Cesen, Johannes H M Merks, Véronique Minard-Colin
{"title":"Maintenance Chemotherapy in Patients With High-Risk Rhabdomyosarcoma: Long-Term Survival Analysis of the European <i>Paediatric</i> Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group RMS 2005 Trial.","authors":"Gianni Bisogno, Julia Chisholm, Raquel Hladun, Gian Luca De Salvo, Florent Guerin, Michela Casanova, Henry Mandeville, Rita Alaggio, Beatrice Coppadoro, Daniel Orbach, Andrea Ferrari, Rick van Rijn, Anne-Sophie Defachelles, Myriam Ben-Arush, Heidi Glosli, Maja Cesen, Johannes H M Merks, Véronique Minard-Colin","doi":"10.1200/JCO-24-02850","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO-24-02850","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The European Paediatric Soft Tissue Sarcoma Study Group (EpSSG) RMS 2005 trial evaluated maintenance chemotherapy in high-risk rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS). Patients were randomly assigned to either discontinue treatment (standard arm) or receive six 28-day cycles of vinorelbine (25 mg/m<sup>2</sup>) once per day on days 1, 8, and 15, plus once daily low-dose cyclophosphamide (25 mg/m<sup>2</sup>; experimental arm). Initial results showed improved overall survival (OS), but disease-free survival (DFS) improvement was not statistically significant. This report presents mature survival outcomes after extended follow-up. Between April 2006 and December 2016, 186 patients were enrolled in the standard arm and 185 in the experimental arm. After a median follow-up of 122.1 months from diagnosis and 114 months from random assignment, recurrence, progression, or death occurred in 103 patients (61 standard arm, 42 experimental arm). The 10-year DFS was 66.5% (95% CI, 59 to 74) in the standard arm versus 77.1% (95% CI, 70.3 to 82.5) in the experimental arm (<i>P</i> = .025). Corresponding 10-year OS rates were 70.8% (95% CI, 63.3 to 77.0) and 82.9% (95% CI, 76.6 to 87.7; <i>P</i> = .0099). Long-term results of the RMS2005 trial confirm the survival benefit of maintenance chemotherapy with vinorelbine and low-dose cyclophosphamide for patients with high-risk RMS.</p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1856-1862"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143575567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maurice Pérol, Wei Li, Nathan A Pennell, Geoffrey Liu, Yuichiro Ohe, Filippo De Braud, Misako Nagasaka, Enriqueta Felip, Anwen Xiong, Yongchang Zhang, Huijie Fan, Xicheng Wang, Shuanglian Li, Rose K Lai, Feiwu Ran, Xianyu Zhang, Wenfeng Chen, Lyudmila Bazhenova, Caicun Zhou
{"title":"Taletrectinib in <i>ROS1</i>+ Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: TRUST.","authors":"Maurice Pérol, Wei Li, Nathan A Pennell, Geoffrey Liu, Yuichiro Ohe, Filippo De Braud, Misako Nagasaka, Enriqueta Felip, Anwen Xiong, Yongchang Zhang, Huijie Fan, Xicheng Wang, Shuanglian Li, Rose K Lai, Feiwu Ran, Xianyu Zhang, Wenfeng Chen, Lyudmila Bazhenova, Caicun Zhou","doi":"10.1200/JCO-25-00275","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO-25-00275","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Taletrectinib is an oral, potent, CNS-active, selective, next-generation ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). We report integrated efficacy and safety from registrational taletrectinib studies in <i>ROS1</i>+ non-small cell lung cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>TRUST-I and TRUST-II were phase II, single-arm, open-label, nonrandomized, multicenter trials. Efficacy outcomes were pooled from TRUST-I and TRUST-II pivotal cohorts. The safety population comprised all patients treated with once-daily oral taletrectinib 600 mg pooled across the taletrectinib clinical program. The primary end point was independent review committee-assessed confirmed objective response rate (cORR). Secondary outcomes included intracranial (IC)-ORR, progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR), and safety.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>As of June 7, 2024, the efficacy-evaluable population included 273 patients in TRUST-I and TRUST-II. Among TKI-naïve patients (n = 160), the cORR was 88.8% and the IC-cORR was 76.5%; in TKI-pretreated patients (n = 113), the cORR was 55.8% and the IC-cORR was 65.6%. In TKI-naïve patients, the median DOR and median PFS were 44.2 and 45.6 months, respectively. In TKI-pretreated patients, the median DOR and median PFS were 16.6 and 9.7 months. The cORR in patients with G2032R mutation was 61.5% (8 of 13). Among 352 patients treated with taletrectinib 600 mg once daily, the most frequent treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were GI events (88%) and elevated AST (72%) and ALT (68%); most were grade 1. Neurologic TEAEs were infrequent (dizziness, 21%; dysgeusia, 15%) and mostly grade 1. TEAEs leading to discontinuations (6.5%) were low.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Taletrectinib showed a high response rate with durable responses, robust IC activity, prolonged PFS, favorable safety, and low rates of neurologic adverse events in TKI-naïve and pretreated patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1920-1929"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118623/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143779707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grace M Choong, Tanya L Hoskin, Judy C Boughey, James N Ingle, Matthew P Goetz
{"title":"Endocrine Therapy Omission in Estrogen Receptor-Low (1%-10%) Early-Stage Breast Cancer.","authors":"Grace M Choong, Tanya L Hoskin, Judy C Boughey, James N Ingle, Matthew P Goetz","doi":"10.1200/JCO-24-02263","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO-24-02263","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Adjuvant endocrine therapy (ET) improves overall survival (OS) in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive early-stage breast cancer (BC). However, the benefit of ET for those with ER-low BC (ER 1%-10%) is unclear.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the National Cancer Database, we studied patients with high-risk stage I to III, ER-low BC (defined as immunohistochemistry 1%-10%) who received (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy and did or did not initiate ET. OS was analyzed with ET initiation as a time-dependent covariate using Cox proportional hazards regression.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 10,362 patients with stage I to III ER-low BC, 7,018 received chemotherapy and met inclusion criteria. ET omission was 42% at 12 months and more common in patients with tumors that were progesterone receptor-negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, higher-grade (grade 2/3) and higher Ki-67 (≥20%; all <i>P</i> < .001) and those who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC; <i>P</i> < .001). With a median follow-up of 3 years, 586 deaths were observed. In a multivariable analysis, ET omission was associated with a higher risk of death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.23 [95% CI, 1.04 to 1.46]; <i>P</i> = .02), with a greater impact in those with higher ER levels: ER 1%-5% (HR, 1.15 [95% CI, 0.91 to 1.45]; <i>P</i> = .24) versus ER 6%-10% (HR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.00 to 2.02]; <i>P</i> = .048). Among patients treated with NAC (n = 4,377, 62%), ET omission was associated with worse OS in those with residual disease (RD; HR, 1.26 [95% CI, 1.00 to 1.57]; <i>P</i> = .046) but not in those who achieved a pathologic complete response (HR, 1.06 [95% CI, 0.62 to 1.80]; <i>P</i> = .84).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In ER-low, early-stage BC, ET omission is associated with significantly worse OS, especially in patients with RD after NAC and those with higher (6%-10%) ER levels. Until prospective data are available, patients with ER-low BC should be counseled regarding the potential benefit of ET.</p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1875-1885"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119225/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144025918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anna Fagotti, Rita Trozzi, Diana Giannarelli, Giovanni Scambia
{"title":"Reply to: Reflections on the HORSE Trial: Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy, <i>BRCA</i> Status, and Clinical Implications.","authors":"Anna Fagotti, Rita Trozzi, Diana Giannarelli, Giovanni Scambia","doi":"10.1200/JCO-25-00243","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO-25-00243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1933-1934"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143630518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Mid-Treatment Positron Emission Tomography-Adaptive Radiotherapy in Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Another Attempt Toward Personalized Care.","authors":"Yuqi Wu, Nan Bi","doi":"10.1200/JCO-24-02532","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO-24-02532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1934-1935"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Methotrexate, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin Versus Methotrexate, Doxorubicin, and Cisplatin + Ifosfamide in Poor Responders to Preoperative Chemotherapy for Newly Diagnosed High-Grade Osteosarcoma (JCOG0905): A Multicenter, Open-Label, Randomized Trial.","authors":"Hiroaki Hiraga, Ryunosuke Machida, Akira Kawai, Toshiyuki Kunisada, Tsukasa Yonemoto, Makoto Endo, Yoshihiro Nishida, Akihito Nagano, Keisuke Ae, Shinichirou Yoshida, Kunihiro Asanuma, Junya Toguchida, Taisuke Furuta, Robert Nakayama, Toshihiro Akisue, Toru Hiruma, Takeshi Morii, Hideki Nishimura, Koji Hiraoka, Masanobu Takeyama, Makoto Emori, Satoshi Tsukushi, Hiroshi Hatano, Hiroyuki Kawashima, Kazuo Isu, Kazuhiro Tanaka, Tomoko Kataoka, Haruhiko Fukuda, Yukihide Iwamoto, Toshifumi Ozaki","doi":"10.1200/JCO-24-01281","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO-24-01281","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Our previous NECO phase II studies on high-grade osteosarcoma suggested that administering ifosfamide (IF; 16 g/m<sup>2</sup> [4g/m<sup>2</sup> once on day 1, then 2g/m<sup>2</sup> once on days 2-7] × six) to patients showing a poor response (PrRsp) to preoperative chemotherapy with methotrexate, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MAP) improves their prognoses. In this Japan Clinical Oncology Group (JCOG) study, JCOG0905, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of IF in patients with PrRsp.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>JCOG0905 is a multicenter, open-label, multi-institutional, randomized trial. Eligible patients (50 years and younger) had resectable, high-grade osteosarcoma (stage II or III, Union for International Cancer Control TNM) of the extremities, limb girdles, and thoracic wall. After two MAP cycles and tumor resection, patients with PrRsp were randomly assigned to either the MAP or MAP plus 15 g/m<sup>2</sup> (3g/m<sup>2</sup> once daily on days 1-5) × six IF (MAP + IF [MAPIF]) group. The primary end point was disease-free survival (DFS); secondary end points were overall survival (OS) and safety. The planned sample size was 100 patients with a one-sided α of .1 and a power of 0.7, assuming a 3-year DFS of 50% and 65% for MAP and MAPIF, respectively. This trial is registered with the Japan Registry of Clinical Trials (jRCT; jRCTs031180126).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 287 patients registered between February 2010 and August 2020, 51 and 52 patients with PrRsp were assigned to the MAP and MAPIF groups, respectively. As of March 2022, DFS did not differ between groups (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05 [95% CI, 0.55 to 1.98]) and OS was numerically inferior in the MAPIF group (HR, 1.48 [95% CI, 0.68 to 3.22]). Nine and zero patients in the MAPIF and MAP groups discontinued treatment because of adverse events, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Evidence from JCOG0905 does not support the addition of IF for patients with PrRsp.</p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1886-1897"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118622/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143730047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can Improving Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy Persistence Improve Survival Outcomes for Patients With Early-Stage Breast Cancer?","authors":"Megan E Tesch, Ann H Partridge","doi":"10.1200/JCO-25-00371","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO-25-00371","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1849-1851"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144023490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Paul W Sperduto, Kathryn E Marqueen, Enoch Chang, Jing Li, Michael A Davies, Daniel K Ebner, William G Breen, Nayan Lamba, Helen A Shih, Donna Edwards, Michelle M Kim, Amandeep Mahal, Rifaquat Rahman, Nii Ankrah, Drexell H Boggs, Calvin Lewis, Daniel Hyer, John M Buatti, Fasila Johri, Hany Soliman, Laura Masucci, David Roberge, Sanjay Aneja, Veronica Chiang, Christina Phuong, Steve Braunstein, Salah Dajani, Sean Sachdev, Zihan Wan, Donna Niedzwiecki, Eugene Vaios, John P Kirkpatrick, Jared Pasetsky, Tony J C Wang, Tugce Kutuk, Rupesh Kotecha, Richard B Ross, Chad G Rusthoven, Toshimichi Nakano, Hussein A Tawbi, Minesh P Mehta
{"title":"Improved Survival and Prognostication in Melanoma Patients With Brain Metastases: An Update of the Melanoma Graded Prognostic Assessment.","authors":"Paul W Sperduto, Kathryn E Marqueen, Enoch Chang, Jing Li, Michael A Davies, Daniel K Ebner, William G Breen, Nayan Lamba, Helen A Shih, Donna Edwards, Michelle M Kim, Amandeep Mahal, Rifaquat Rahman, Nii Ankrah, Drexell H Boggs, Calvin Lewis, Daniel Hyer, John M Buatti, Fasila Johri, Hany Soliman, Laura Masucci, David Roberge, Sanjay Aneja, Veronica Chiang, Christina Phuong, Steve Braunstein, Salah Dajani, Sean Sachdev, Zihan Wan, Donna Niedzwiecki, Eugene Vaios, John P Kirkpatrick, Jared Pasetsky, Tony J C Wang, Tugce Kutuk, Rupesh Kotecha, Richard B Ross, Chad G Rusthoven, Toshimichi Nakano, Hussein A Tawbi, Minesh P Mehta","doi":"10.1200/JCO-24-01351","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO-24-01351","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Survival for patients with melanoma has recently improved. The propensity of melanoma to metastasize to the brain remains a common and serious feature of this disease. The purposes of this study were to evaluate prognostic factors for patients with newly diagnosed melanoma brain metastases (MBMs) in a large cohort treated with modern multimodal therapies, compare those results with those in prior eras, and update the Melanoma Graded Prognostic Assessment (GPA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Univariable and multivariable (MVA) analyses of prognostic factors and treatments associated with survival were performed on 1,796 patients with newly diagnosed MBM treated between January 01, 2015, and December 31, 2021, using a multi-institutional retrospective database. Multiple imputation was used to address missingness of potential predictors. Significant variables in combined MVA were used to update the Melanoma GPA. Comparisons were made with legacy cohorts.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median survivals for cohorts A (1985-2007, n = 481), B (2006-2015, n = 823), and C (2015-2021, n = 1,796) were 6.7, 9.8, and 16.6 months and median follow-up times were 40.1, 43.6, and 48.8 months, respectively. In combined MVA, significant prognostic factors for survival were higher Karnofsky Performance Status, fewer MBMs, absence of extracranial metastases, lower serum lactate dehydrogenase, and no immunotherapy before MBM. These factors were incorporated into the updated Melanoma GPA. The combined median and 3-year survivals for patients with GPA 0-1, 1.5-2, and 2.5-4.0 were 5.4, 13.2, and 43.2 months and 12.4%, 28.8%, and 51.6%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Prognostic factors have changed and survival has improved for patients with MBM but varies widely by GPA. The updated Melanoma GPA calculator (BrainMetGPA), available free online, can be used to estimate survival, individualize treatment, stratify clinical trials, guide surveillance, and augment clinical trial eligibility. Multidisciplinary treatment is essential. Trials are needed to elucidate the optimal sequencing of various therapeutic modalities.</p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1910-1919"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12119226/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144002638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brian D Cortese, Kate Dwyer, Lan Anh S Galloway, David F Penson, Ruchika Talwar
{"title":"Drug Shortages Demand Action: Policy Changes to Protect Patient Care.","authors":"Brian D Cortese, Kate Dwyer, Lan Anh S Galloway, David F Penson, Ruchika Talwar","doi":"10.1200/JCO-25-00004","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO-25-00004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1852-1855"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144003514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhihao Lu, Wenting Du, Xi Jiao, Yanni Wang, Jingwen Shi, Yang Shi, Yongqian Shu, Zuoxing Niu, Hiroki Hara, Jun Wu, Chih-Hung Hsu, Eric Van Cutsem, Malcolm V Brock, Zhang Zhang, Ningning Ding, Yun Zhang, Zhirong Shen, Lin Shen
{"title":"<i>NOTCH1</i> Mutation and Survival Analysis of Tislelizumab in Advanced or Metastatic Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Biomarker Analysis From the Randomized, Phase III, RATIONALE-302 Trial.","authors":"Zhihao Lu, Wenting Du, Xi Jiao, Yanni Wang, Jingwen Shi, Yang Shi, Yongqian Shu, Zuoxing Niu, Hiroki Hara, Jun Wu, Chih-Hung Hsu, Eric Van Cutsem, Malcolm V Brock, Zhang Zhang, Ningning Ding, Yun Zhang, Zhirong Shen, Lin Shen","doi":"10.1200/JCO-24-01818","DOIUrl":"10.1200/JCO-24-01818","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Although multiple agents targeting PD-1 have been approved as second-line treatment for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), only a fraction of patients derive long-term survival. Hence, reliable predictive biomarkers are urgently needed.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Comprehensive tumor genomic profiling and transcriptome sequencing were performed on samples from the RATIONALE-302 study. We also conducted single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on <i>Notch1</i> knockdown ESCC murine models to further explore the potential molecular mechanisms underlying anti-PD-1 benefit.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified <i>NOTCH1</i> mutation as a potential predictive biomarker for longer overall survival (OS) with tislelizumab versus chemotherapy (18.4 months <i>v</i> 5.3 months; hazard ratio, 0.35 [95% CI, 0.17 to 0.71]). At the transcriptional level, type I IFN (IFN-I)/toll-like receptor expression signatures were positively associated with OS benefit of tislelizumab, whereas B-cell and neutrophil signatures predicted unfavorable OS. Exploratory analyses showed that the presence of <i>NOTCH1</i> mutation correlated with enrichment of IFN-I signatures and reduced infiltration of B cells and neutrophils. In murine models, comparative single-cell transcriptome analyses further revealed that <i>Notch1</i> deficiency facilitated a more immunologically activated tumor microenvironment which potentiated anti-PD-1 treatment.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our data provide novel insights for anti-PD-1 treatment selection using <i>NOTCH1</i> mutations and may provide a rationale for combination therapy in ESCC.</p>","PeriodicalId":15384,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"1898-1909"},"PeriodicalIF":42.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12118624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143780252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}