Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance最新文献

{"title":"The Impact of Regional Financial Capability during the COVID-19 Pandemic towards Regional Fiscal Capacity","authors":"Kurniawan Kurniawan","doi":"10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i02.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i02.006","url":null,"abstract":"Regional fiscal capacity is the region’s ability reflected in regional revenue, consisting of own-source revenue (PAD), fiscal balance transfers, and other legitimate regional revenues. This study aims at analysing the impact of regional financial capability during the Covid-19 Pandemic towards regional fiscal capacity. The research was conducted in local governments in Indonesia during 2020 using descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed that generally the Covid-19 Pandemic affected the reduction on own-source revenue (PAD) in almost all provinces in Indonesia during the first semester of 2020. From 66 regencies/cities as the sample from this research, 49 regencies decreased in revenue and expenditure because of the Covid-19 Pandemic. The revenue reduction in each region was caused by regional taxes reduction of around 2,5 percent and 10,68 percent sequentially in the first semester of 2020, fiscal balance transfers around 8,42 percent, and general allocation grant (DAU) around 9,8 percent and 6,94 percent. Meanwhile, to solve the regional fiscal problems, the local governments implemented 2 types of policies: (1) the first policy is to implement a counter-cyclical policy through maintaining economic stability, decreasing revenues, and increasing local government expenditures; (2) the second policy is to implement a pro-cyclical policy through increasing revenues and decreasing expenditures. The present research also found that regencies/cities that implemented a counter-cyclical policy generally increased in expenditure components, such as grant expenditure around 316,51 percent and regional capital expenditure. Some local governments built infrastructure (assets and buildings) during the Covid-19 Pandemic. However, local governments decreased around -1% - 16% for the employee expenditures.","PeriodicalId":153790,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"224 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127192181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oil Rents and Human Development Outcomes in Nigeria: Evidence from a Non-Linear Bounds Approach to Cointegration","authors":"C. Ezekwe, G. Otto, J. Ozigbu, R. Morris","doi":"10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i02.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i02.003","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, the asymmetric relationship between oil rents and human development in Nigeria was examined between 1981 and 2020. Specifically, the nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model was employed to ascertain how the partial sums of positive and negative changes in oil and gas rents contributed to the human development index (HDI) with time-series data obtained from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Human Development Report and World Development Indicators (WDI). In addition, unit root and bounds cointegration tests were employed to determine the stationary properties and long-run relationships among the variables. It was found from the unit root test that the variables were fractionally integrated. It is also evident from the bounds cointegration results that HDI has a long-run relationship with oil and gas rents. The findings revealed that oil rent has not yielded the intended and desired positive benefits in terms of improving human development given its insignificant positive contribution to HDI. On the other hand, HDI responded positively to positive changes in natural gas rents and this finding was statistically significant at a 5 per cent level. This implies that an increase in natural gas rents plays a significant role in improving human development. Given the findings, this paper recommends proper management and accountability of the oil rents to create better opportunities for human development. It is also recommended for government to mitigate gas flaring and create enabling environment for more investments in gas resources to provide a roadmap for more investments in human development.","PeriodicalId":153790,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115915220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implications of Flooding on the Socio-Economic Status of Residents in Flood Prone Areas in Bayelsa State, Nigeria","authors":"Ozigbu Johnbosco C, O. A., M. E.","doi":"10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i02.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i02.004","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the implications of flooding on the socio-economic status of residents in flood prone areas in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study specifically described the socio-economic characteristics of the respondents; examine the effects of flooding on the socio-economic variables of the respondents; and identify the approaches to curtail flooding effects in flood prone areas. A multistage sampling technique was employed in the selection of six flood prone communities in Bayelsa State, and 20 respondents were randomly selected from each community given a total of 120 respondents as the sample size. Primary data were sourced through questionnaires. Descriptive statistical tools were used for the analysis. The findings showed that 54.2% of the respondents were between the age range of 31-40 years with a mean age of 32 years; they are gender inexclusive with male having 55.8% and female 44.2%. 54.2% were married, most of them are literate with 41.6%, and 54.2% had household size between the range of 4-6 persons. 50.8%, 39.1% and 33.3% of the respondents agreed that the effect of flooding on income, farmland and food insecurity respectively were very high; Traditional crafts like boat building, houses, business centers, roadsided businesses and pond fishing were high with 38.3%, 32.5%, 33.3%, 43.3% and 31.6% respectively; local industries like alcohol preparation, animal husbandry, training centers, fishery (artisanal), construction works and processing industries were average with 50.8%, 46.7%, 45.5%, 31.6%, 50% and 33.3% respectively; educational institutions, health, water, price of commodities (food produce), local marketing and transportation were very high with 46.7%, 33.3%, 43.3%, 32.5%, 39.4% and 46.7%; implying that their socio-economic variables output will be very low ( an inverse relationship) as a result of flooding effect. Furthermore, the results showed that all respondents agreed with the listed approaches as ways to curtail the effects of flood in flood prone areas, with a criterion mean score of > 2.50. The study concluded that flood have adverse effect on socio-economic variables of the respondents. It was recommended that, building of resilience walls, culverts and drainage channels around the affected communities, land reclamation, elevated foundation of building for residents, government intervention responses plans and standard road network should be provided.","PeriodicalId":153790,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128612418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of Online Labor Market Information System Innovation (Sipaja-Online) on Community Satisfaction Index at the Manpower and Transmigration Office of Banjar District","authors":"Lily Agustriana, Udiansyah Udiansyah, M. A. Nur, A. Sompa, Ahmad Yunani","doi":"10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i02.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i02.005","url":null,"abstract":"LILY AGUSTRIANA (1720422320005), 2021 \"Implementation of Online Job Market Information System Innovation (Sipaja-Online) on the Community Satisfaction Index at the Manpower and Transmigration Office of Banjar Regency\". Under the guidance of Prof. Udiansyah and Muhammad Ansar Nur. The online Job Market Information System (SIPAJA) service innovation is the creation of an online-based Job Seeker Card (AK1) and e-register, an inclusive excellent service system by facilitating and providing online Job Seeker Card (AK1) services. Job seekers can make Job Seeker Cards (AK1) wherever they are, in addition to services in the form of Job Market Information, Placement by company (report) and Notifications/whatsapp for reporting the status of job seekers who are already working. Broadly speaking 4 (four) types of services The services provided include online-based Job Seeker Card Services, Job Market Information Services which are directly administrated by the company, Placements by Companies (report) and Notifications/whatsapp for reporting on the status of job seekers who are already working (Report Placements). The research method used is a qualitative research approach and descriptive type. The research informants in this study were the head of the expansion of job opportunity development, placement and transmigration, as well as the head of labor protection, and the Sipaja Online management staff at the Manpower and Transmigration Service. The data collection techniques are observation, interviews and documentation taking into account the assessment of the Community Satisfaction Index in October 2021. The focus of the research uses George C. Edward III's theory of policy implementation. Data analysis used is data reduction, data presentation and verification. The results of the study show that there are 4 factors in the implementation of public policies, namely communication factors, resources, disposition (executive attitudes), and bureaucratic structure factors. All of these factors have been successfully implemented in the field, such as the disposition factor, namely the indicators for appointing bureaucrats and indicators for incentives, which have been successfully implemented. However, the communication factor is still not implemented optimally in the field because in the three indicators contained in the communication factor only the consistency indicator has been implemented optimally. Meanwhile, the other two indicators, namely the transmission and clarity indicators, have not been implemented optimally. Due to the lack of socialization given to the public regarding Sipaja Online and the Job Market.","PeriodicalId":153790,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130087143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Fraudulent Financial Report: Case of Banking Industry in Indonesia","authors":"Nanny Handayani, E. Evana","doi":"10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i02.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i02.002","url":null,"abstract":"The study aims to assess the factors that cause fraudulent financial report in Indonesia by using Fraud Hexagon Theory of fraud. Database uses in the study is from Indonesia’s banking industry year 2019 and 2020. Multiple regression analysis method is applied to analyze the data. Result shows pressure (external) and the element of opportunity (quality of external auditors) correlate positively with fraudulent financial reports. On the hand, proxies such financial stability, financial targets, effective monitoring, number of audit committees, audit turnover, total accruals, GCG score, CEO ego, and WBS – show null correlation. However, all variables in Fraud Hexagon Theory affect fraudulent financial reports simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":153790,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116030472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Crypto-Currency: Trends and Determinants","authors":"Debesh Bhowmik","doi":"10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i02.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i02.001","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, author analyses the role of cryptocurrencies in the economy and showed the trends of prices of Bitcoin and Ethereum in terms of US$ during 2017m1-2021m12 and also showed the trends of the market capitalization of Bitcoin during 2017m1-2021m12. All the trendlines are non-linear with cyclical behavior. Traditional regression model revealed that the market capitalization of Bitcoin is positively related with prices of Bitcoin and inflation rate and negatively related with price of Ethereum significantly from 2019m1 to 2021m12. Cointegration and VEC model suggested that the market capitalization of Bitcoin has long run causality with the prices of Bitcoin and Ethereum and inflation rate but the cointegrating equation has been proved diverging away from equilibrium. Bitcoin price and market capitalization have bi-directional short run causality and the price of Ethereum has short run causality to market capitalization of Bitcoin during the specified period. The volatility of market capitalization of Bitcoin showed a non-stationary process.","PeriodicalId":153790,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117343357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Avoiding the Middle Income Trap: Evidence and Examination of Few Countries","authors":"Kishore G. Kulkarni, Cheick Wagué, P. Warrier","doi":"10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i01.005","url":null,"abstract":"The middle income trap is a spectre looming up in front of countries who have performed well to rise up to middle income level from the lower income level, and are hoping for a quick admission to upper income echelons. Unfortunately, the trap seems unavoidable for many middle income nations, as seen poignantly in the case of Argentina and even Brazil. This paper tries to pinpoint the performance parameters that distinguish countries such as Malaysia and Chile who have been successful in avoiding getting mired in the trap – and may be now even viewing it nonchalantly as just a mirage appearing during the development process. The parameters identified as probable positive forces include the pillars of the Global Competitive Index, in addition to the usual suspects appearing in economic growth theory and estimations. Estimation of coefficients was carried by cross-country regressions using a sample of seventy upper and lower income nations. ICT adaptation, innovative capabilities, health standards, and openness as represented by FDI and export ratios to GDP were identified as parameters identified as important in closing the per capita income gap towards high income nations.","PeriodicalId":153790,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128912868","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of Export Diversification on Economic Growth in Nigeria","authors":"Isiwu George Duhu","doi":"10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i01.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i01.004","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of export diversification on economic growth in Nigeria. Annual time series data on GDP per capita, Theil export diversification index, gross fixed capital formation (for domestic investment), exchange rate and openness of the economy were the variables collected for the analysis for the period 1980-2017. Dummy variable for democracy was also constructed to test for the impact of governance on economic growth in Nigeria. To estimate the data, Autoregressive Distributed lag model, applying bounds test was adopted. The empirical results show that export diversification has positive but insignificant impact on economic growth in Nigeria both in the short run and long run. Similarly, domestic investment has positive impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. However, its impact is significant only in the short run. Exchange rate has negative impact on economic growth in the short run but its impact in the long run is positive, showing instability in the exchange rate movements in Nigeria. Openness of the economy has negative impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. However, its impact is significant only in the long run. Democracy dummy has positive but insignificant impact on economic growth both in the e short run and long run. Based on the findings,, it is recommended that the earnings from the oil sector should be channeled to the development of non-oil sectors such as agriculture and manufacturing in order to diversify the export base of the economy.","PeriodicalId":153790,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115216313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Escalation of Investment Decision Commitment on Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Bandeng Presto in Semarang","authors":"N. Nurchayati, Parju Parju","doi":"10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i01.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i01.003","url":null,"abstract":"MSME entrepreneurs in running a business are likely to face risks, so that the expected results are not appropriate and the business suffers big losses and even goes bankrupt. MSME entrepreneurs who choose to stick to this commitment are the beginning, which is called the phenomenon of commitment escalation. The method used in this research is qualitative method. The qualitative method was chosen because the research will explore human behavior (that is, why MSME entrepreneurs maintain the experience of experiencing losses), and find motives that are committed to conducting in-depth interviews. The results showed that the increase in MSME commitment was due to several factors such as personal responsibility in the initial business, excessive trust supported by extensive experience, self-esteem (avoiding being considered incompetent) and to protect reputation.","PeriodicalId":153790,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129894765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Takaful and Micro Takaful: A Key Factor of Reduction of Poverty and Undernourishment","authors":"Sawssen Nafti","doi":"10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i01.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36348/sjef.2022.v06i01.002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines the relationship between Takaful, micro Takaful and reduction of poverty and undernourishement. Our analysis is based on a theoretical study aimed to know if Takaful is a good solution to the poverty and undernourishment problems in Islamic economy or a simple component of islamic assurance.Our study shows that Takaful is an effective solution to the problem of poverty in islamic economy in the long term, Takaful have an important role to reducing poverty risks, Without protection against losses and natural risks or protection of their persons, their life, their property and their health, many people find themselves regularly falling back into poverty which is not only prejudicial to them but also renders development assistance ineffective in the long term. Also Takaful is a good solution to reduce undernourishement in islamic economy.","PeriodicalId":153790,"journal":{"name":"Saudi Journal of Economics and Finance","volume":"57 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121011526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}