Cognition in Mathematics最新文献

{"title":"The Perceptions of K-12 Administrators’ Self-Efficacy on the Usage of Skype as an Online Communication Software Tool","authors":"P. Kiriakidis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1793347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1793347","url":null,"abstract":"At the study site, K-12 administrators use Skype with a webcam and microphone to communicate with peers. This study sought to answer how Skype, as an online communication tool, contributed to school and district administrators’ reported level of self-efficacy. A sample of n = 39 K-12 administrators was purposefully selected. The major finding was that K-12 administrators reported that Skype is a communication tool that contributes to the increase of their self-efficacy. Administrators’ self-efficacy can be increased through professional development opportunities on online communication tools for ongoing, systemic, and systematic interactions with stakeholders in the school district. Institutes of higher education, professional development providers, K-12 administrators’ associations, and school districts’ personnel may benefit from having an awareness of how online communication software such as Skype can increase administrators’ efficacy in the field of teaching and learning.","PeriodicalId":153695,"journal":{"name":"Cognition in Mathematics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131542386","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinventing Research? Information Practices in the Humanities","authors":"Monica Bulger, E. Meyer, Grace de la Flor, Melissa Mhairi Terras, S. Wyatt, M. Jirotka, Kathryn Eccles, Christine McCarthy Madsen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1859267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1859267","url":null,"abstract":"Researchers in the humanities adopt a wide variety of approaches to their research. Their work tends to focus on texts and images, but they use and also create a wide range of information resources, in print, manuscript and digital forms. Like other researchers, they face multiple demands on their time, and so they find the ease and speed of access to digital resources very attractive: some of them note that they are reluctant on occasion to consult texts that require a trip to a distant library or archive. Nevertheless, none of the participants in our study is yet ready to abandon print and manuscript resources in favour of digital ones. Rather, they engage with a range of resources and technologies, moving seamlessly between them. Such behaviours are likely to persist for some time.This is reflected also in how researchers disseminate their research. The overwhelmingly dominant channels are the long-established ones such as journal articles, conferences and workshops, monographs and book chapters. We found only limited use – except among philosophers - of blogs and other social media. We noted the doubts expressed in other fields about quality assurance for users of such media, but also concerns about how best to present material that will be read by non-academic audiences.A key change in humanities research over the past 10-15 years has been the growth of more formal and systematic collaboration between researchers. This is a response in part to new funding opportunities, but also to the possibilities opened up by new technology. Over recent years there has also been a shift from the model under which technology specialists tell researchers how to do their research to more constructive engagement. Like other researchers, scholars in the humanities use what works for them, finding technologies and resources that fit their research, and resisting any pressure to use something just because it is new.But there is little evidence as yet of their taking full advantage of the possibilities of more advanced tools for text-mining, grid or cloud computing, or the semantic web; and only limited uptake of even simple, freely-available tools for data management and sharing. Rather, they manage and store information on their desktops and laptops, and share it with others via email. Barriers to the adoption and take up of new technologies and services include lack of awareness and of institutional training and support, but also lack of standardization and inconsistencies in quality and functionality across different resources. These make for delays in research, repetitive searching, and limitations on researchers’ ability to draw connections and relationships between different resources.","PeriodicalId":153695,"journal":{"name":"Cognition in Mathematics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129717838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explaining the Persisting Mathematics Test Score Gap between Boys and Girls","authors":"Maresa Sprietsma","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1739785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1739785","url":null,"abstract":"This paper provides evidence on the sources of the persisting mathematics test score gap between boys and girls. In particular, we investigate the role of the share of female mathematics teachers in secondary school and of pupils self-confidence and extrinsic motivation in mathematics. We find that the share of female mathematics teachers does not seem to affect differences in test scores between boys and girls. The number of books at home as well as the included psychological factors significantly reduce the gender test score gap. A remaining gap of 14% of a standard deviation in test scores is unexplained.","PeriodicalId":153695,"journal":{"name":"Cognition in Mathematics","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122477571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Megasfinity","authors":"Mario Arturo Ruiz Estrada","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1652683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1652683","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is interested to introduce a new number that is called “Megasfinity�?. The main objective to propose the uses of Megasfinity is because multi-dimensional coordinate spaces request the uses of an alternative number. This is because we need to analyze different general-spaces, sub-spaces and micro-spaces in the same graphical space simultaneously. Hence, this paper suggests the application of the Megasfinity coordinate space that can permit to visualize a large number of general-spaces, sub-spaces and micro-spaces in the same space. At the same time, all these spaces that were mentioned before represent different dimensions such as general-dimensions, sub-dimensions and micro-dimensions respectively.","PeriodicalId":153695,"journal":{"name":"Cognition in Mathematics","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127011933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Packing Rectangles: A Cake Sharing Puzzle","authors":"M. Muller-Itten","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3426472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3426472","url":null,"abstract":"In the quest to solve a mathematical conundrum based on a two-player cake allocation game, apparently unsolved since 2004, this paper presents an in-depth analysis of each player’s challenges and opportunities.<br><br>At the beginning of the research stands a conjecture about the subgame perfect Nash equilibrium, whose implications are discussed in some depth. Although a full proof cannot be presented here, the work establishes several equilibrium properties and lies the foundation for an algorithmic implementation of the player’s task. Understanding of the game dynamics is further fuelled by the analysis of several game variants, obtained either by slightly altering the game’s objective or by restricting the action space of the opponents. While two of these variants may be solved completely, the third version may be translated into a lower bound for the player’s minimal return.","PeriodicalId":153695,"journal":{"name":"Cognition in Mathematics","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133138143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Emergence of Novel Science-Related Fields: Regional or Technological Patterns? Exploration and Exploitation in UK Nanotechnology","authors":"M. Meyer, D. Libaers, Jae Hwan Park","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1621705","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1621705","url":null,"abstract":"An extensive literature addresses the emergence of new technologies in their geographical and cognitive context. Drawing on a spatial innovation systems approach, our paper explores this issue for a newly emerging area, nano-science and nanotechnology. This study draws on a multimethod approach to explore the emergence of nanotechnology in the UK, covering bibliometric, patent and firm-level data. Our results point to regional concentrations of scientific and technological activity as well as a concentration of nanotechnology firms in the well-established ‘science hubs’. However, further inspection of the evidence hints also at the importance of non-local links and networks along technological paths.","PeriodicalId":153695,"journal":{"name":"Cognition in Mathematics","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131285539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coevolutionary Learning and Emergence in Technological Evolution: Conceptual Issues in Modeling","authors":"C. Reschke","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1598749","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1598749","url":null,"abstract":"The main problem that a scientist encounters in analyzing the interaction between socio-economic and technological evolution is emergence. Emergence denotes the occurrence of unforeseen events, patterns of behavior. Shortly it is the surprise information that derails accepted knowledge. Emergence has been defined as the occurrence of new behaviors and properties on a system level through the interaction of elements that are individually not able to bring about the behavior or properties. Emergence is one of the main properties of evolutionary processes. If emergence is neglected, 'evolutionary' system analysis is reduced to questions of comparatively simple dynamical development. Difficult to treat, but crucial element is interaction. After formalizing the interaction in systems leading to emergence mathematically, Bertalanffy states: 'Physically, these statements are trivial; they could become problematic and lead to confused conceptions in biology, psychology and sociology only because of a misinterpretation of the mechanistic conception, the tendency being towards resolution of phenomena into independent elements and causal chains, while interrelations were bypassed'. This is the problem I want to deal with in the following pages: how can we model emergent phenomena without falling in the trap of reductionism, while at the same time keeping the model simple. To solve the problem just stated, I take the position that the modeling of coevolutionary interaction between economic and technological evolution is strongly hampered by perception issues. This becomes apparent when we are confronted with novelty, which we cannot account for by our traditional models. I base my argumentation on the further conjecture that economic behavior and technological capabilities can be summarized in the knowledge a social system possesses. This means knowledge and learning processes are seen as the crucial elements in building a model of socio-technological evolution. At first, I will discuss these issues in terms of a general knowledge gaining process, which builds on philosophy of science. I summarize the results in a conceptual flow diagram, which is intended to serve as a preliminary model of technological evolution. Subsequently, I will discuss problems in the modeling of emergent processes. Finally, I discuss some issues relevant to perception.","PeriodicalId":153695,"journal":{"name":"Cognition in Mathematics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117050235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconstruction of Concept of Paradigm in Thomas S. Kuhn","authors":"Fernando Estrada","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1572646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1572646","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to discuss an evaluation of the concept of paradigm of T. Kuhn in his representative work: The Structure of Scientific Revolutions ERC, [Ku96] and the complementary version by W. Stegmuller, Structure and dynamics of theories EDT, [Steg83]. This refined interpretation of the concept of paradigm allows for a more complete set of central Kuhnian concept.","PeriodicalId":153695,"journal":{"name":"Cognition in Mathematics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121374435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Media as an Innovation - The Case of Twitter","authors":"Andrew Whinston, Huaxia Rui","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1564205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1564205","url":null,"abstract":"Social media services such as Twitter and YouTube are offering unprecedented opportunities for ordinary people to access a huge amount of content and to publish their own content for a global audience. The key innovation of these services, however, is not technological, rather, it's about recognizing and connecting people's need for information and attention. To better understand this, we model a social media environment as an economy where consumption of content means supply of attention and consumption of attention is through supply of content. Both the supply of content and the supply of attention involve investment of time, hence time is money in this economy. We show that as the population in this economy grows large, there exists an attention wage for content production and the segmentation of the population is neatly characterized. Surprisingly, if users' utility functions satisfy a certain linearity condition and the population size is large enough, then with probability 1, users will self-select into either the group of content producers or the group of content consumers, resulting in a perfect division of labor. Moreover, the macro-level content consumption and production of such partition equilibrium is stable, suggesting the sustainability of the social media.Based on our model and a massive collection of data from Twitter, we propose and test four hypotheses, and the statistical results give strong support to our theory. This paper gives important insights into the unique innovation of recent social media services like Twitter and YouTube. It also provides a new perspective on the free-riding phenomenon in many large social media sites.","PeriodicalId":153695,"journal":{"name":"Cognition in Mathematics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125231323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Utility of E-Learning in Statistics","authors":"W. Härdle, S. Klinke, Uwe Ziegenhagen","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2894321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2894321","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Students of introductory courses consider statistics as particularly difficult, as the understanding of the underlying concepts may require more time and energy than for other disciplines. For decades statisticians have tried to enhance understanding with the help of technical solutions such as animation, video or interactive tools. However it is not clear if the added value generated by these e-learning tools justifies the work invested. In this paper the experience with various e-learning solutions in terms of utility and the impact on teaching is discussed.","PeriodicalId":153695,"journal":{"name":"Cognition in Mathematics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125808341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}