Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria最新文献

{"title":"SCREENING OF FUNGI FROM THE TRICHOCOMACEAE FAMILY (ASPERGILLI AND PENICILLIA) IN PRODUCTION OF HEXOSE SUGARS FROM AGRO-WASTE","authors":"U. Omoruyi, E. Irabor","doi":"10.46602/jcsn.v48i2.863","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v48i2.863","url":null,"abstract":"As an alternative to crude oil, the production of hexose sugars from agro-waste may be viewed as an environmentally benign process for sustainable chemicals/fuels production. A range of high-value industrial chemicals and fuels can be accessed from biomass-derived hexose sugars. This work evaluated the production of hexose sugars from yam peels (agro-waste) via enzymatic hydrolysis using different fungi from the trichocomaceae family namely, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tamari, Pencillium citrinum, and Penicillium chrysogenum respectively. The agro-waste (yam peels) samples were inoculated directly with the respective fungi without any form of pre-treatment. Hexose yields of 8.75±0.07%, 8.10±0.07%, 2.75±0.25% and 2.75±0.25 were obtained for A. niger, A. tamari, P. citrinum, and P. chrysogenum respectively when the samples were sterilized for 20 minutes at 121oC. Under the same experimental conditions, the control sample gave a minimal yield of 1.50±0.35%. Regardless of the enzyme employed, the amount of hexose sugars produced increased steadily with an increase in sterilization time (40, 60, 80, and 100 minutes). Optimum hexose yields of 16.90±0.71%, 15.50±0.35%, 7.00±0.01%, 7.00±0.05% were recorded for A. niger, A. tamari, P. citrinum, and P. chrysogenum respectively at 100 minutes sterilization time. Generally, P. citrinum, and P. chrysogenum gave similar but low hexose yields while A.niger and A. tamari afforded high and distinct hexose yields. Amongst the different fungi screened, A. niger was the most efficient enzyme for the hydrolysis giving the highest hexose sugar yields under the different conditions employed. The performance of the different fungi was evaluated against three different concentrations (0.5M, 1.0 M, 1.5M) of HCl and H2SO4 acid-catalysed hydrolysis of the yam peels respectively. At 1.0 M concentrations HCl and H2SO4 respectively, the hexose yields of 6.40 ± 0.40 % and 7.60 ± 0.20% obtained were on par with those obtained for the enzymes P. citrinum (7.00±0.01%) and P. chrysogenum (7.00±0.05%) after 100 minutes sterilization time. Regardless of acid concentrations, A. niger, and A. tamari enzymes were more effective for the hydrolysis than the HCl and H2SO4 acid-catalysed process with A. niger being the most effective for the hydrolysis. Therefore, a combination of the A-niger and any heterogenous green catalyst is a promising strategy for further transformation of hexose sugars obtained from agro-wastes to higher value chemicals like levulinic acid in a one-pot synthesis. The extended sterilization time may also be a suitable pre-treatment alternative to mineral acids.","PeriodicalId":15357,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria","volume":"290 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76435231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"β-SITOSTEROL ISOLATED FROM ETHYL ACETATE LEAF EXTRACT OF Cissus populnea AND THE ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY","authors":"A. Danladi, O. Ushie, P. Egwaikhide","doi":"10.46602/jcsn.v48i2.867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v48i2.867","url":null,"abstract":"β-Sitosterol was isolated from ethyl acetate leaf extract of Cissus populnea and characterized using H-NMR spectroscopy analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the leaf extract was also investigated in this study. Column chromatography was used to fractionate the ethyl extract, and thin layer chromatography was used to monitor the fractions. The result of the study showed that all isolates of Cissus populnea leaf inhibited or exhibited antibacterial and antifungal activities against tested microbes, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Cissus populnea fractions against tested microbes or organisms ranging from 6.25 to 100g/ml. The majority of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) activity levels were lower than the MBC levels. A lower MIC value indicates that fewer plant fragments (isolates) are needed to prevent organism growth.; thus, plants with lower MIC scores are more effective antimicrobial agents.","PeriodicalId":15357,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82141823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REACTION MECHANISMS BETWEEN SYNTHESIZED 2-AMINO HETEROCYCLIC DYE WITH BROMATE ION IN AQUEOUS HYDROCHLORIC ACID: A KINETIC APPROACH","authors":"A. Adetoro, S. Babayo, O. K. Akiode, O. R. Iyun, A. Anene","doi":"10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.861","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.861","url":null,"abstract":"Reaction mechanisms between 2-amino heterocycles dyestuff (hereafter referred to as 2AHD) using BrO3- have been studied spectrophotometrically in an acidic medium, at a temperature of 29 ± 1 oC, µ = 0.50 mol dm–3 (NaCl), [H+] = 1.00 x 10–3 mol dm–3 (HCl). The order of the reactions was one in both reactants with second order overall. The rates of redox reaction depend on acid concentrations (in the acid range used). The rate of reactions showed a positive salt effect. Ions inhibit the rate of the reaction. The results are in accordance with the rate law:","PeriodicalId":15357,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86524091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MODELLING Cd, Cu, and Pb PHYTOAVAILABILITY BY Ricinus communis FROM SOIL AMENDED WITH MANURE AND CHELANTS","authors":"G. Buluku, R. Wuana, L. Nnamonu, A. Itodo","doi":"10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.858","url":null,"abstract":"Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the response of Ricinus communis under the influence of poultry manure and chelants (single and binary) in soils with Cd, Cu and Pb. The results show that pH was in the range of; (5.51-6.99), while the organic matter was (8.14-15.6). The Cd, Cu and Pb which are the soil total metal QT (mg kg–1), plant-available metals Qe (mg kg–1), and metal concentration in R.communis biomass, Qp (mg kg–1) were; (510.2-592.9), (502.7- 569.7), (505.9-589.2); (455.2-483.8), (461.1-481.5) (461.2-480.5) and (283.5-469.8),(242.4-475.5),(379.9-490.6) respectively. Step wise multivariate regression model technique was used to determine possible factors affecting metal uptake and for predicting metal concentrations in plant. The R2 values for Cd, Cu and Pb was in the range of 0.881≤ R2 ≤0.980 for model I, 0.969 ≤ R2 ≤ 0.998 for model II, and 0.981 ≤ R2≤ 0.999 for model III respectively, across the experimental soils. These high R2 values for the models clearly showed the dependent variable agreeable and the relationship significant. The findings are useful in the assessment R. communis potential for heavy metal reclamation with the goal of hazard mitigation and resource supply.","PeriodicalId":15357,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75212404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PROXIMATE ANALYSIS AND MINERAL DETERMINATION OF Calliandra surinamensis SEED","authors":"E. Irabor, P. Eze, C. A. Unuigbe, M. I. Imafidon, U. Omoruyi, V. Emmanuel","doi":"10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.859","url":null,"abstract":"Proximate composition (moisture, carbohydrate, protein, ash, fat and fibre) and mineral composition (K, Na, Ca, P, Mg, Se, Fe, Cu and Zn) of Calliandra surinamensis seed were determined using standard methods. The % moisture content obtained was (12.80 ± 0.04), % carbohydrate (59.81 ± 0.07), % crude protein (5.95 ± 0.70), % ash (2.63 ± 0.20), % crude fat (4.74 ± 0.17), % crude fibre (14.07 ± 1.33). The mineral content that was analysed in the seed in mg/kg were; K (13.72 ± 1.09), Na (9.50 ± 1.53), Ca (36.92 ± 0.55), Mg (27.50 ± 0.61), Se (0.28 ± 0.11), Fe (0.78 ± 1.29), Cu (0.09 ± 0.08), Zn (0.49 ± 0.10) and P (1.79± 0.07). The result revealed that Calliandra surinamensis seed has a good shelf-life, high carbohydrate content, moderately and acceptable values for crude protein and lipid. The seed was found to be rich in macro mineral elements of calcium, magnesium, sodium and with a higher potassium content compared to sodium.The sodium to potassium ratio (Na+/ K+ 0.69) fell within the range (Na/K ≤1.0) recommended by World Health Organization for prevention of cardiovascular diseases. The seed is also a good source of essential micro mineral elements of iron, selenium, zinc and copper which can aid the development of cell tissues. Therefore, composition of Calliandra surinamensis seed from this study suggests that it would be beneficial for both domestic and industrial applications as complementary food source.","PeriodicalId":15357,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86325374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMICS STUDIES OF THE ADSORPTION OF Cu2+ USING TEA LEAVES AND TEA FIBRE (Camellia Sinensis) AS ADSORBENTS","authors":"E. E. Etim, G. O. Ogofotha, M. C. Nzubechukwu","doi":"10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.860","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.860","url":null,"abstract":"Pollution of waterways is increasing geometrically on daily basis and this is becoming a serious threat to human health, aquatic ecosystems and aquaculture, these pollutions mostly include heavy metals. These heavy metals pose danger due to their high ability of bio accumulation and bio magnifications along the aquatic food chain. Thus, the aim of this research work is to determine the efficiency of Tea Leaves and Tea Fibre as adsorbents in the removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solutions. From the analysis, the adsorbents show high efficiency above 97% in the removal Cu2+during the treatment of waste water. The high efficiency of the used adsorbents in the removal of Cu2+ from aqueous solution shows its distinctive property as good adsorbents; hence tea fibre and tea leaves may be used in the treatment of waste water containing Cu2+.","PeriodicalId":15357,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81198609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPARATIVE CHAINS DYNAMICS OF TRIOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE INVESTIGATED BY MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION","authors":"O. K. Yusuff, K. Omotosho, Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji","doi":"10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.856","url":null,"abstract":"Triosephosphate isomerase is an enzyme which catalyzes the inter-conversion between glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate in the fifth step of the glycolytic pathway. In this study, molecular dynamics simulation technique was employed to investigate the dynamics of the two monomer chains of triosephosphate isomerase of trypanosoma brucei brucei (TbTIM) using GROMACS 2016.04 software. The MD simulation of the x-ray structure of TbTIM was performed using the GROMOS 9643a1 force field and simple point charge water model under isothermal-isobaric condition with periodic boundary conditions imposed on x, y, z directions. The Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) Root Mean Square fluctuation (RMSF), Radius of Gyration (ROG), Solvent accessible surface area (SASA) and hydrogen bonds were computed. The RMSD values indicate that chain-B shows transition between two conformational states with higher RMSD value of 0.45 nm when compared to chain-A with RMSD of 0.27 nm. The RMSF values indicates that residues of loop 6 (residues 166 to 177) have the highest fluctuations in both chains compared to other residues with chain-A having higher fluctuations peak. The ROG values of chain-A varies from 1.675 nm to 1.761 nm while that of chain-B varies from 2.480 nm to 2.590 nm implying that chain-A is more compact during the simulation than chain-B. The SASA values indicates that chain-B has more contact with solvent than chain-A. 160 hydrogen bonds were found which indicates the stability of the protein during the simulation. From the RMSD, ROG, SASA values, it is evident that chain-B of triosephosphate isomerase of trypanosoma bruceibrucei displayed greater structural dynamics than chain-A during the MD simulation.","PeriodicalId":15357,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83846203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS OF BRIDGED BINUCLEAR IRON(III)- COMPLEXES: A REVIEW","authors":"P. Ukoha, C. Anidobu, P. F. Egwuonwu","doi":"10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.855","url":null,"abstract":"Binuclear iron (III) complexes comprising of the -oxo-bridged form, [Fe2O]4+ or [Fe(OH)2]4+, and the dicarboxylic bridged chains incorporating salen or saloph ligands have been synthesized and characterized. Their close resemblance to some haeme and non-haeme iron-based enzymes has elicited a lot of interest in studying them. Biological studies have shown some of them to be good mimics of superoxide dismutase. The saloph and salen analogues also showed physiological actions very close to the porphyrins. The study of their electron transfer reactions, with a view of understanding their potential as electron transfer enzymes, has generated interesting results and some unusual kinetic behaviours. Reactions of [(FeHEDTA)2O]2+ with ascorbic acid and some thiols were second order and followed outer-sphere path mediated by ion-pairs formation. However, reaction of [Fe2(bipy)O]4+ with some reductants were zero order with respect to the oxidant and also followed outer-sphere path. Reduction of the adipato-bridged dimer, [Fe(saloph)2µ-adi], by SO32- and SO42-, S2O52-, benzyl mercaptan, mercaptobenzothiazole and thioglycolic acid followed inner-sphere paths. However, all the reactions were acid-catalysed and were mediated by intervening protonated oxidant precursor complexes.","PeriodicalId":15357,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria","volume":"74 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77286091","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF COMPOST EXTRACTS CONTAINING N,N,N',N'-TETRAMETHYLPHENYLENEDIAMINE (TMPD)","authors":"S. Elaigwu, A. U. Awode, B. Tukura","doi":"10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.857","url":null,"abstract":"Composting is a well-known practice for valorizing organic waste materials into useful product. Its use in the management of soils, which are contaminated with organic compounds has been widely studied and reported. Nevertheless, the present approach of analysing the organic compounds and its degradation products using GC-MS is costly. Hence, the need for an alternative analytical screening technique which is less expensive and fast, when compared with the GC-MS analysis. As a probable alternative approach, the cyclic voltammetry of compost extracts containing N,N,N',N'-Tetramethylphenylenediamine (TMPD) is described in this study. The result of the study, however revealed that cyclic voltammetry could neither detect the presence of the TMPD nor its degradation products in any of the compost extract. This might have resulted from the strong and complex matrix of the compost which prevented the oxidation of the TMPD in the compost extract.","PeriodicalId":15357,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80971955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF EXTRACTS FROM THE LEAVES OF Andrographis paniculata, Tithonia diversifolia and Macrosphyra Longistyla","authors":"A. Adesina, D. E. Akintobi, O. O. Banjo, G. Apeh","doi":"10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.46602/jcsn.v48i1.854","url":null,"abstract":"Alkaloids, Saponins, Flavonoids, Tannins, Glycosides, Terpenoids and Steroids distribution in Andrographis paniculata, Tithonia diversifolia and Macrosphyra longistyla were assessed in a non-polar solvent. All the plants were found to contain these phytochemicals except for the absence of flavonoids in A. paniculata and alkaloids in M. longistyla. The presence of these phytochemicals showing potential disease-preventive properties indicates that the leaves of A. paniculata, T. diversifolia and M. longistyla could serve as basic ingredients in drug making for use in treatment of various ailments.","PeriodicalId":15357,"journal":{"name":"Journal Of Chemical Society Of Nigeria","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89250024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}