Journal of Chemical Ecology最新文献

{"title":"Chemical Carnivory in Pleurotus: Induced Toxin Droplets Contain 3-Octanone and Candidate Nematicides.","authors":"Makayla Lloyd, Jessica Sinka, Mark A Bernards, R Greg Thorn","doi":"10.1007/s10886-026-01762-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-026-01762-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Predatory oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.) immobilize nematode prey using toxin droplets. The chemical composition and regulation of toxin droplet production have remained incompletely characterized since their initial observation over 40 years ago, though 3-octanone has been identified as a possible contributor. We quantified toxin droplet abundance in twenty Pleurotus strains spanning six species and compared their chemical profiles using GC-MS headspace and liquid sampling. Droplet abundance varied among strains and, in most, increased following the addition of washed nematodes. Strains that produced many toxin droplets had distinct volatile and liquid metabolite profiles compared with low-droplet-producing strains and control groups. Our targeted analysis identified 3-octanone in seven Pleurotus strains, including its first reported detection in P. eryngii and P. populinus. Our untargeted analysis putatively identified several additional candidate nematicidal molecules that were significantly enriched in high-droplet producing strains. Here, we provide evidence consistent with the hypothesis that Pleurotus may use a cocktail of secondary metabolites, rather than 3-octanone alone, to paralyze nematode prey, supporting an alternative to the one-molecule mechanism of paralysis.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149008653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"One-mark Fits All: Strong Cross Recognition of Host Marking Pheromone Among Anastrepha Species (Diptera: Tephritidae).","authors":"Francisco Díaz-Fleischer, Martin Aluja","doi":"10.1007/s10886-026-01761-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-026-01761-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cross recognition of host marking pheromones (HMP) has been reported among different groups/species of insects but is still a poorly understood phenomenon. Here, using electrophysiological and behavioral bioassays we compared the cross-recognition response of eight Anastrepha species (belonging to different groups in the phylogenetic tree of the genus) to each other's feces extracts (putatively including host marking pheromones) and to feces extracts of Ceratitis capitata and two Rhagoletis species (pomonella and cerasi). We also tested the response of C. capitata to Anastrepha spp. feces extracts. For electrophysiology, solutions of sucrose or KCl were used as positive and negative stimuli respectively. Behavioral bioassays (including natural marks) indicated complete HMP cross recognition (i.e., \"Discrimination Coefficient\" of more than 50%) among the four Anastrepha species tested. Furthermore, lower but still positive responses were observed in C. capitata females when exposed to the HMP of A. ludens, A. serpentina and A. obliqua. However, only A. serpentina females responded to C. capitata feces extracts in the behavioral bioassays. Electrophysiology tests demonstrated that A. ludens females recognized the HMP of seven congeners including the non-marking ones A. curvicauda and A. bezzii. Additionally, A. ludens, A. obliqua and A. serpentina females responded to male A. ludens feces extracts. Finally, A. serpentina male feces extracts elicited electrophysiological response in females of A. serpentina or A. striata. These results indicate that, in Anastrepha, HMP is produced by females and males, including females of species which do not exhibit the typical marking behavior of dragging their aculeus. We discuss the possibility that the HMP in Anastrepha is an exaptation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149001963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Scent of Deception: Does the Hornet Clearwing Sesia apiformis Chemically Mimic Vespa crabro?","authors":"Marta Skowron Volponi, Claudia Bruschini, Leonardo Dapporto, Francesca R Dani","doi":"10.1007/s10886-026-01759-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-026-01759-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Avoiding attack requires harmless species to escape, prevent recognition as prey, or remain undetected. Clearwing moths display hymenopteran mimicry that may involve multiple sensory modalities-from visual and locomotor to acoustic cues. Here, we tested whether the morphological and acoustical resemblance of the hornet clearwing Sesia apiformis to the hornet Vespa crabro also extends to chemical traits by comparing their cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profiles. Compositional and quantitative analyses revealed no evidence of chemical mimicry between S. apiformis and V. crabro; instead, the moth exhibited an approximately sixfold reduction in total CHC abundance in comparison to the hornet and a complete absence of alkenes, compounds known to function as key recognition cues in insect predator-prey interactions. These results suggest that S. apiformis does not converge on the chemical profile of its model and are consistent with the possibility that its reduced CHC profile contributes to lowered detectability by predators. However, the ecological significance of our findings remains to be tested through behavioural assays with potential predators. We discuss the likely predator guild of S. apiformis and the selective pressures these predators may exert on chemical detectability. Comparative analyses across closely related lepidopteran families (Cossidae, Zygaenidae, Heterogynidae, and Castniidae) revealed CHC profiles that differed markedly in both composition and abundance from that of S. apiformis. Together, these findings indicate that the reduced and simplified CHC profile in S. apiformis is unusual among related taxa and may represent a mechanism contributing to reduced predator recognition, highlighting the potential importance of signal suppression, alongside signal elaboration in predator-prey communication.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13578110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148976985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Integrated Toxicokinetics Underlie Selective Sequestration of Cardiotonic Steroids in an Asian Snake Rhabdophis tigrinus.","authors":"Ango Morikawa, Takato Inoue, Masashige Naito, Naoki Mori, Akira Mori","doi":"10.1007/s10886-026-01758-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-026-01758-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The sequestration of dietary toxins as defensive compounds requires coordinated physiological processes, including metabolism, uptake into defensive organs and excretion. However, these processes are often studied separately, which can obscure how dietary toxins are ultimately selected and retained for defence. The Asian natricine snake Rhabdophis tigrinus acquires chemical defence by preying on toads and storing toad-derived bufadienolides (BDs), a class of cardiotonic steroids, in specialized nuchal glands. Whether this sequestration primarily reflects physicochemical retention or compound-specific physiological handling remains unclear. Here, we experimentally administered three cardiotonic steroids: bufalin, a naturally encountered BD, and two non-dietary cardenolides, digitoxigenin and ouabain. Using LC/MS and UV analyses, we quantified nuchal gland accumulation, excretion and chemical modification. Bufalin was extensively converted into multiple derivatives and accumulated efficiently in the nuchal glands. Digitoxigenin showed limited modification and high excretion, with lower mean accumulation than bufalin but no significant difference, whereas ouabain showed limited modification, high excretion and significantly lower accumulation than bufalin. Ouabain, the most polar compound, showed the lowest accumulation; however, the contrasting handling of bufalin and digitoxigenin-two structurally similar aglycones that differ in lactone-ring type-indicates that polarity alone cannot explain sequestration selectivity. Instead, coordinated differences in metabolism, accumulation and excretion reveal fine-scale discrimination among cardiotonic steroids. These results show that toxin sequestration in R. tigrinus is an integrated toxicokinetic process rather than simple retention, providing mechanistic insight into how vertebrate predators convert dietary toxins into chemical defences.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Differential Volatiles in Resistant/Susceptible Faba Bean and Aphis craccivora 's Behavioral Responses to These Volatiles.","authors":"Taijun Fang, Changcai Teng, Hongyan Zhang, Xianli Zhou, Ziyan Wen, Luchao Bai, Yujiao Liu","doi":"10.1007/s10886-026-01760-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-026-01760-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Aphis craccivora is a major piercing-sucking pest that causes severe yield and quality losses in Vicia faba. Here, two faba bean lines with extreme aphid resistance (K, resistant; G, susceptible) were subjected to aphid-infested and uninfested treatments. Constitutive and induced volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified by SPME-GC-MS, and Aphis craccivora's behavioral responses to VOCs were assayed via four-arm olfactometer. ROAV and multivariate statistical analysis were used to explore the correlation between VOC profiles and aphid resistance. Results showed K had marginally more VOCs (344 ~ 345) than G (339), with a conserved core VOC library but distinct unique metabolites and category contribution ratios between the two lines. 2-methoxy-3-(2-methylpropyl) pyrazine (highest ROAV in G) and (E, Z)-2,6-nonadienal (core aroma compound in K) were the key differential VOCs. K exhibited predominant upregulation of differential metabolites after aphid infestation, and constitutive green/sweet aroma VOCs differed significantly between K and G. Behavioral assays identified 10 VOCs repellent and 4 VOCs attractive to Aphis craccivora, among which Methyl salicylate exhibited consistent repellency across all tested concentrations only eucalyptol showed concentration-dependent behavioral effects. This study elucidates the chemical ecological mechanism of faba bean mediating Aphis craccivora host selection via regulated specific VOC emission, confirming the critical roles of both constitutive and induced VOCs in aphid resistance. The findings provide a theoretical basis for aphid-resistant faba bean molecular marker-assisted breeding, plant-derived pesticide development, and Aphis craccivora ecological regulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13558350/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148919929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Active Rejection of Non-Host Plants Across Families in Papilio xuthus Revealed by Tarsal Multi-Feature Spike Sorting.","authors":"Juri Nishioka, Ayako Sasaki, Katsuhisa Ozaki","doi":"10.1007/s10886-026-01756-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-026-01756-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Herbivorous insects must identify suitable host plants for egg-laying and reliably reject unsuitable ones, but whether non-host plants are actively rejected through deterrent cues, or simply fail to trigger host-recognition signals, remains unclear. We addressed this question in the swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus by combining oviposition behavior trials with electrophysiological recordings from taste sensilla on the female forelegs. Females primed with a Citrus (host plant) extract laid eggs on a plain water control 51.5% of the time, providing an operational post-priming baseline for oviposition. Against this baseline, egg-laying was completely suppressed by extracts of all five non-host species tested from families other than the host family Rutaceae. This supports the interpretation that non-host extracts contain stimulus properties associated with reduced oviposition, rather than simply lacking a stimulatory cue. Because a single recording can contain spikes from several spike-generating cells activated at once, we grouped spikes by six waveform features-amplitude plus five measures of spike shape and timing-rather than amplitude alone, resolving five reproducible spike types (Types 0-4). Type 0 fired consistently more in response to non-host extracts, with this association remaining statistically significant in the female-ID clustered GEE sensitivity analysis; Type 4 fired more in response to host extracts, though this association did not remain significant in the same analysis. Orixa japonica, a non-host species that nonetheless belongs to the host family Rutaceae, elicited a Type 4 firing rate lower than that of host Rutaceae together with elevated Type 0 firing; egg-laying was markedly reduced even though butterflies frequently began, without completing, the egg-laying sequence. This mixed peripheral response pattern supports an ensemble integration model in which oviposition is associated with the combined balance of activating (\"go\") and inhibitory (\"stop\") peripheral signals, rather than with a single on/off cue.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13541803/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148887163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Smoky Stick Insect: Defensive Chemicals From a Vietnamese Phasmatodean (Necrosciinae: Neohirasea catbaensis).","authors":"Marco Niekampf, Till Beuerle, Paul Meyer, Sven Bradler, Thomas Schmitt","doi":"10.1007/s10886-026-01754-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-026-01754-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beyond their impressive repertoire of camouflage as the predominant primary defensive strategy, stick and leaf insects (Phasmatodea) can actively defend themselves chemically with deterrent substances emitted from a pair of prothoracic repellent glands. The Vietnamese Prickly Stick Insect Neohirasea catbaensis emits a conspicuous secretion when disturbed, often described as smoky, which constitutes a unique characteristic not known from any other stick and leaf insect. Here we investigate the anatomy and the chemical components of the repellent glands in this species. Via micro-computed tomography (µ-CT), we observed comparatively small sac-like glands with no ejaculatory ducts present. The anatomy of the repellent glands of both male and female is described in detail. By applying gas chromatography (GC) in combination with high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRAM-MS), we found 4-vinylphenol as the major component of the secretion, accompanied by 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol and eugenol as minor constituents. This is the first time that these molecules have been identified as repellent substances from an animal. We discuss these findings in relation to the chemical diversity and ecological function of phasmatodean repellent secretions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13534177/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148874330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Male-Associated Aggregation Pheromone of Cyrtogenius luteus, An Invasive Bark Beetle in Southern South America.","authors":"Gianna Zinola, María Eugenia Amorós, Carmen Rossini, Demian Gómez, Gustavo Seoane, Gonzalo Martínez Crosa, Andrés González","doi":"10.1007/s10886-026-01752-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-026-01752-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bark beetles are among the most important invasive pests affecting pine forestry worldwide, yet the chemical ecology of many introduced species remains largely unknown. Cyrtogenius luteus is an invasive scolytine established in pine plantations in South America, for which no pheromone had previously been identified. Here, we report the identification and biological evaluation of a male-associated aggregation pheromone in C. luteus. Volatiles from male-infested, female-infested, and unattacked Pinus taeda wood were collected and analyzed by thermal desorption GC-MS. A compound consistently detected only in male-infested pine wood was identified as p-mentha-1,8-dien-4-ol through comparison with a synthetic standard. In Y-olfactometer assays, both males and females were attracted to volatiles from unattacked pine relative to clean air and showed a significant preference for male-attacked pine over unattacked pine, as indicated by both first choice and residence time. Field trials with synthetic p-mentha-1,8-dien-4-ol confirmed its biological activity: cross-vane traps baited with a combination of synthetic p-mentha-1,8-dien-4-ol and host attractants increased adult captures more than 20-fold, in comparison with the conventional host-attractant baited traps. Males and females were captured in similar proportions. Together, the male-specific occurrence of p-mentha-1,8-dien-4-ol, the attraction of both sexes to male-attacked host material, and the response of both sexes to the synthetic compound in the field, identify the racemate of this oxygenated monoterpene as a male-aggregation pheromone of C. luteus. This is the first pheromone structure reported for the species and provides new insight into the chemical ecology of an invasive bark beetle established in South American pine plantations.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variations on a Theme: Cerambycid Beetles Use Lactone Stereoisomers to Optimize Use of Pheromone Chemical Space.","authors":"Weliton D Silva, Yunfan Zou, Lawrence M Hanks, José Maurício S Bento, Jocelyn G Millar","doi":"10.1007/s10886-026-01755-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-026-01755-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Three different diastereomers of 6-ethyl-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one (henceforth lactone) were identified from male-specific volatiles produced by the neotropical cerambycid beetles (subfamily Lamiinae) Atrypanius lignarius (Bates), Oedopeza umbrosa (Germar), and Oreodera glauca glauca (L.). Atrypanius lignarius produced one of the enantiomers of the (3R*,5S*,6S*)-diastereomer, whereas O. umbrosa produced the (3S,5S,6R)-lactone, and O. glauca glauca produced the (3S,5R,6S)-lactone. In field bioassays, the O. umbrosa (3S,5S,6R)-lactone attracted only conspecific adults of both sexes. The racemic (3R*,5S*,6S*)-lactone was strongly attractive to A. lignarius, while also eliciting significant cross-attraction in O. umbrosa and also the lamiine cerambycid Aegomorphus jaspideus (Germar). Although O. glauca glauca was not captured during the trials, possibly because we were unable to carry out bioassays where it had originally been captured, the racemic (3S*,5R*,6S*)-lactone attracted the congener Oreodera quinquetuberculata (Drapiez), as well as A. lignarius, A. jaspideus, and O. umbrosa. These results suggest that the 6-ethyl-3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one structural motif, which attracted species of three tribes, may be widely shared within the Lamiinae, with species exploiting different stereoisomers to provide some degree of species specificity to their signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148857342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Situ Measurement of Airborne Pheromone Concentrations and Their Relationship With Dispenser Release Rates for Improving Mating Disruption.","authors":"Hervé Plaisance, Hélène Garay, Manon Dat, Jane Vignau-Laulhere, Sylvain Bourrigaud, Valérie Desauziers","doi":"10.1007/s10886-026-01753-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-026-01753-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>For the control of pests by mating disruption (MD), passive pheromone dispensers are now widely used and have proved their efficacy. Although the release rate of dispensers and its change over time are usually well assessed, the airborne pheromone concentrations generated in a treated area are generally unknown. This hinders the development and optimisation of the treatment by MD. The present work reports the results of a field campaign of measurements carried out with the aim of quantifying airborne concentrations of dodecyl acetate released by passive dispensers distributed over a covered crop area. Dodecyl acetate is used as a model pheromone due to its low reactivity in the air allowing the release and dispersion processes to be characterized. The relationship between emissions and ambient air concentrations was investigated using both an empirical approach and an atmospheric dispersion model. Ambient air concentrations in the crop area were predicted by combining a previously developed emission model with temperature and wind speed data. The measured airborne concentrations ranged from 16 to 113 ng m^-3 depending on the location of sampling and the release rate of dispensers at the time of sampling. The treatment-level concentrations persisted all along the sampling period for at least 44 days, while temporal changes in airborne concentration were mainly driven by the release rate of dispensers and its dependence on temperature.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":"52 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148850557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}