Journal of Chemical Ecology最新文献

{"title":"The Trail-Following Communication in Stylotermes faveolus and S. halumicus (Blattodea, Isoptera, Stylotermitidae).","authors":"Himanshu Thakur, Surbhi Agarwal, Jaromír Hradecký, Garima Sharma, Hou-Feng Li, Shang-En Yang, Hana Sehadová, Ravinder S Chandel, Mirek Hyliš, Vartika Mathur, Jan Šobotník, David Sillam-Dussès","doi":"10.1007/s10886-023-01447-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-023-01447-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stylotermitidae appear peculiar among all termites, feeding in trunks of living trees in South Asia only. The difficulty to collect them limits the ability to study them, and they thus still belong to critically unknown groups in respect to their biology. We used a combination of microscopic observations, chemical analysis and behavioural tests, to determine the source and chemical nature of the trail-following pheromone of Stylotermes faveolus from India and S. halumicus from Taiwan. The sternal gland located at the 5th abdominal segment was the exclusive source of the trail-following pheromone in both S. faveolus and S. halumicus, and it is made up of class I, II and III secretory cells. Using gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry, (3Z)-dodec-3-en-1-ol (DOE) was identified as the trail-following pheromone which elicits strong behavioural responses in workers at a threshold around 10^- 4 ng/cm and 0.1 ng/gland. Our results confirm the switch from complex aldehyde trail-following pheromones occurring in the basal groups to simpler linear alcohols in the ancestor of Kalotermitidae and Neoisoptera.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"642-651"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9977803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Multi-Label Learning Framework for Predicting Chemical Classes and Biological Activities of Natural Products from Biosynthetic Gene Clusters.","authors":"Suyu Mei","doi":"10.1007/s10886-023-01452-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-023-01452-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Natural products (NP) or secondary metabolites, as a class of small chemical molecules that are naturally synthesized by chromosomally clustered biosynthesis genes (also called biosynthetic gene clusters, BGCs) encoded enzymes or enzyme complexes, mediates the bioecological interactions between host and microbiota and provides a natural reservoir for screening drug-like therapeutic pharmaceuticals. In this work, we propose a multi-label learning framework to functionally annotate natural products or secondary metabolites solely from their catalytical biosynthetic gene clusters without experimentally conducting NP structural resolutions. All chemical classes and bioactivities constitute the label space, and the sequence domains of biosynthetic gene clusters that catalyse the biosynthesis of natural products constitute the feature space. In this multi-label learning framework, a joint representation of features (BGCs domains) and labels (natural products annotations) is efficiently learnt in an integral and low-dimensional space to accurately define the inter-class boundaries and scale to the learning problem of many imbalanced labels. Computational results on experimental data show that the proposed framework achieves satisfactory multi-label learning performance, and the learnt patterns of BGCs domains are transferrable across bacteria, or even across kingdom, for instance, from bacteria to Arabidopsis thaliana. Lastly, take Arabidopsis thaliana and its rhizosphere microbiome for example, we propose a pipeline combining existing BGCs identification tools and this proposed framework to find and functionally annotate novel natural products for downstream bioecological studies in terms of plant-microbiota-soil interactions and plant environmental adaption.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"681-695"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41115357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Know When You Are Too Many: Density-Dependent Release of Pheromones During Host Colonisation by the European Spruce Bark Beetle, Ips typographus (L.).","authors":"Tobias Frühbrodt, Baoguo Du, Horst Delb, Tim Burzlaff, Jürgen Kreuzwieser, Peter H W Biedermann","doi":"10.1007/s10886-023-01453-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-023-01453-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Individuals across various animal species communicate their presence to conspecifics. Especially phytophagous and parasitoid insects with their brood developing on limited resources rely on chemical cues, such as host-marking pheromones, to reduce intraspecific competition. Bark beetles are phytophagous insects with some species being economically and ecologically relevant forest pests. Several of them use the volatile compound verbenone to inhibit attraction and reduce intraspecific competition. However, in the Eurasian spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus (L.), temporal emission patterns did so far not quite support the putative function of verbenone as an indicator of densely colonised host trees. More importantly, it is currently unclear how well verbenone emission is actually related to colonisation density and thus intraspecific competition. Here, we inoculated Norway spruce logs with I. typographus at two defined colonisation densities in the greenhouse and measured the emission of verbenone and its precursors α-pinene and verbenol over time. Verbenone emission was 3-7 times greater from colonised logs compared to decaying logs without beetles during the major part of larval development. Furthermore, our data supports the quantitative hypothesis, that the termination of attack on a tree is mediated by a cessation of the release of verbenol and continuous emission of verbenone. The latter is most likely a passively produced host-marking cue reflecting the actual density of conspecifics since per-beetle emission was unaffected by colonisation density. These findings shed new light on the regulation of bark beetle mass aggregations, which are currently causing previously unseen economic damages in temperate forests.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"652-665"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10781875/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41137927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Variety, Mycorrhization, and Herbivory Influence Induced Volatile Emissions and Plant Growth Characteristics in Tomato.","authors":"Erinn R Dady, Nathan Kleczewski, Carmen M Ugarte, Esther Ngumbi","doi":"10.1007/s10886-023-01455-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-023-01455-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plants produce a range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that mediate vital ecological interactions between herbivorous insects, their natural enemies, plants, and soil dwelling organisms including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). The composition, quantity, and quality of the emitted VOCs can vary and is influenced by numerous factors such as plant species, variety (cultivar), plant developmental stage, root colonization by soil microbes, as well as the insect developmental stage, and level of specialization of the attacking herbivore. Understanding factors shaping VOC emissions is important and can be leveraged to enhance plant health and pest resistance. In this greenhouse study, we evaluated the influence of plant variety, mycorrhizal colonization, herbivory, and their interactions on the composition of emitted volatiles in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Four tomato varieties from two breeding histories (two heirlooms and two hybrids), were used. Tomato plants were inoculated with a commercial inoculum blend consisting of four species of AMF. Plants were also subjected to herbivory by Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae L.) five weeks after transplanting. Headspace volatiles were collected from inoculated and non-inoculated plants with and without herbivores using solid phase-microextraction. Volatile profiles consisted of 21 different volatiles in detectable quantities. These included monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and alkane hydrocarbons. We documented a strong plant variety effect on VOC emissions. AMF colonization and herbivory suppressed VOC emissions. Plant biomass was improved by colonization of AMF. Our results show that mycorrhization, herbivory and plant variety can alter tomato plant VOC emissions and further shape volatile-mediated insect and plant interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"710-724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Better Together: Volatile-Mediated Intraguild Effects on the Preference of Tuta absoluta and Trialeurodes vaporariorum for Tomato Plants.","authors":"F Rodrigo, A P Burgueño, A González, C Rossini","doi":"10.1007/s10886-023-01458-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-023-01458-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-herbivore interactions have been extensively studied in tomato plants and their most common pests. Tomato plant chemical defenses, both constitutive and inducible, play a role in mediating these interactions. Damaged tomato plants alter their volatile profiles, affecting herbivore preferences between undamaged and damaged plants. However, previous studies on tomato volatiles and herbivore preferences have yielded conflicting results, both in the volatile chemistry itself as well as in the attraction/repellent herbivore response. This study revisits the volatile-mediated interactions between tomato plants and two of their main herbivores: the leafminer Tuta absoluta and the whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum. Tomato plant volatiles were analyzed before and after damage by each of these herbivores, and the preference for oviposition (T. absoluta) and settling (T. vaporariorum) on undamaged and damaged plants was assessed both after conspecific and heterospecific damage. We found that both insects consistently preferred damaged plants over undamaged plants. The emission of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) increased after T. absoluta damage but decreased after T. vaporariorum damage. While some of our findings are in line with previous reports, T. absoluta preferred to oviposit on plants damaged by conspecifics, which differs from earlier studies. A comparison of HIPVs emitted after damage by T. absoluta and T. vaporariorum revealed differences in up- or down-regulation, as well as significant variations in specific compounds (12 for T. absoluta and 26 for T. vaporariorum damaged-plants). Only two compounds, β-caryophyllene and tetradecane, significantly varied because of damage by either herbivore, in line with the overall variation of the HIPV blend. Differences in HIPVs and herbivore preferences may be attributed to the distinct feeding habits of both herbivores, which activate different defensive pathways in plants. The plant's challenge in simultaneously activating both defensive pathways may explain the preference for heterospecific damaged plants found in this study, which are also in line with our own observations in greenhouses.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"725-741"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71482033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Pheromones Contribute to Phylogenetic Hypotheses? A Case Study of Chrysomelidae.","authors":"Aluska T Dos Santos, João P A Souza, Isaac R Jorge, Samara M M Andrade, Brunno B Rosa, Maurício O Moura, Paulo H G Zarbin","doi":"10.1007/s10886-023-01450-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-023-01450-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pheromones mediate species-level communication in the search for mates, nesting, and feeding sites. Although the role of pheromones has long been discussed by various authors, their existence was not proven until the mid-twentieth century when the first sex pheromone was identified. From this finding, much has been speculated about whether this communication mechanism has acted as a regulatory agent in the process of speciation, competition, and sexual selection since it acts as an intraspecific barrier. Chrysomelidae is one of the major Phytophaga lineages, with approximately 40,000 species. Due to this immense diversity the internal relationships remain unstable when analyzed only with morphological data, consequently recent efforts have been directed to molecular analyses to establish clarity for the relationships and found their respective monophyly. Therefore, our goals are twofold 1) to synthesize the current literature on Chrysomelidae sex pheromones and 2) to test whether Chrysomelidae sex pheromones and their chemical structures could be used in phylogenetic analysis for the group. The results show that, although this is the first analysis in Chrysomelidae to use pheromones as a phylogenetic character, much can be observed in agreement with previous analyses, thus confirming that pheromones, when known in their entirety within lineages, can be used as characters in phylogenetic analyses, bringing elucidation to the relationships and evolution of organisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"611-641"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49677924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identity Matters: Multiple Herbivory Induces Less Attractive or Repellent Coffee Plant Volatile Emission to Different Natural Enemies.","authors":"Fernanda Moreira Andrade, Lara Sales, Arodí P Favaris, José Maurício Simões Bento, Axel Mithöfer, Maria Fernanda G V Peñaflor","doi":"10.1007/s10886-023-01454-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-023-01454-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Co-infestations by herbivores, a common situation found in natural settings, can distinctly affect induced plant defenses compared to single infestations. Related tritrophic interactions might be affected through the emission of changed blends of herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs). In a previous study, we observed that the infestation by red spider mite (Oligonychus ilicis) on coffee plants facilitated the infestation by white mealybug (Planococcus minor), whereas the reverse sequence of infestation did not occur. Here, we examined the involvement of the jasmonate and salicylate pathways in the plant-mediated asymmetrical facilitation between red spider mites and white mealybugs as well as the effect of multiple herbivory on attractiveness to the predatory mite Euseius concordis and the ladybug Cryptolaemus montrouzieri. Both mite and mealybug herbivory led to the accumulation of JA-Ile, JA, and cis-OPDA in plants, although the catabolic reactions of JA-Ile were specifically regulated by each herbivore. Infestation by mites or mealybugs induced the release of novel volatiles by coffee plants, which selectively attracted their respective predators. Even though the co-infestation by mites and mealybugs resulted in a stronger accumulation of JA-Ile, JA and SA than the single infestation treatments, the volatile emission was similar to that of mite-infested or mealybug-infested plants. However, multiple infestation had a negative impact on the attractiveness of HIPVs to the predators, making them less attractive to the predatory mite and a repellent to the ladybug. We discuss the potential underlying mechanisms of the susceptibility induced by mites, and the effect of multiple infestation on each predator.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"696-709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50157975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Epichloë Endophyte Enhanced Insect Resistance of Host Grass Leymus Chinensis by Affecting Volatile Organic Compound Emissions.","authors":"Yongkang Deng,&nbsp;Xinhe Yu,&nbsp;Jiaqi Yin,&nbsp;Lei Chen,&nbsp;Nianxi Zhao,&nbsp;Yubao Gao,&nbsp;Anzhi Ren","doi":"10.1007/s10886-023-01459-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-023-01459-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In plant-herbivore interactions, plant volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play an important role in anti-herbivore defense. Grasses and Epichloë endophytes often form defensive mutualistic symbioses. Most Epichloë species produce alkaloids to protect hosts from herbivores, but there is no strong evidence that endophytes can affect the insect resistance of their hosts by altering VOC emissions. In this study, a native dominant grass, sheepgrass (Leymus chinensis), and its herbivore, oriental migratory locust (Locusta migratoria), were used as experimental materials. We studied the effect of endophyte-associated VOC emissions on the insect resistance of L. chinensis. The results showed that endophyte infection enhanced insect resistance of the host, and locusts preferred the odor of endophyte-free (EF) leaves to that of endophyte-infected (EI) leaves. We determined the VOC profile of L. chinensis using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and found that endophyte infection decreased the pentadecane (an alkane) emission from uneaten plants, and increased the nonanal (an aldehyde) emission from eaten plants. The olfactory response experiment showed that locusts were attracted by high concentration of pentadecane, while repelled by high concentration of nonanal, indicating that Epichloë endophytes may increase locust resistance of L. chinensis by decreasing pentadecane while increasing nonanal emission. Our results suggest that endophytes can induce VOC-mediated defense in hosts in addition to producing alkaloids, contributing to a better understanding the endophyte-plant-herbivore interactions.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71424018","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DO Toxic Invasive Prey Become a Toxin Source for Native Consumers?","authors":"Kiyoto Sawada,&nbsp;Takato Inoue,&nbsp;Naoki Mori,&nbsp;Akira Mori,&nbsp;Takashi Kamijo","doi":"10.1007/s10886-023-01460-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10886-023-01460-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxic organisms can become food that potentially harms consumers. When these organisms become invasive species, the harm often turns to a serious threat that disrupts native ecosystems. On the other hand, there are consumers that can exploit toxic organisms for food and sequester intact toxins from them for the consumers' own chemical defense. Therefore, it can be expected that toxic invasive prey can become a toxin source for native consumers. Here, we focused on the relationship between toads, which are one of the major toxic invasive organisms and possess bufadienolides (BDs), and Rhabdophis snakes, which sequester BDs from toads. On Sado Island, Japan, R. tigrinus is native, but no toads had inhabited this island until Bufo japonicus formosus was introduced as a domestic invasive species in 1963 and 1964. At present, invasive toads are distributed only in the southwestern part of the island. We collected a total of 25 and 24 R. tigrinus from areas allopatric and sympatric with toads, respectively. Then, we investigated the possession of BDs and the BD profile of these snakes. We found that only R. tigrinus sympatric with toads possessed BDs, whereas all snakes allopatric with toads lacked BDs. Based on the characteristics of the BD profile, the toxin source was identified as B. j. formosus. Our findings show that a new case of impact caused by toxic invasive species, i.e., \"toxin supply to native consumers from invasive prey\", could occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50161725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Arthropeptide B, an Antifungal Cyclic Tetrapeptide from Arthrobacter humicola.","authors":"Juan Sebastian Gomez, Michael Shaikhet, A Kiripuvaney Loganathan, Michael G Darnowski, Christopher N Boddy, David R McMullin, Tyler J Avis","doi":"10.1007/s10886-023-01438-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s10886-023-01438-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disease suppressive composts are known, yet little information on the potential role of specific microbial antagonist within are available. Arthrobacter humicola isolate M9-1A has been obtained from a compost prepared from marine residues and peat moss. The bacterium is a non-filamentous actinomycete with antagonistic activity against plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes sharing its ecological niche in agri-food microecosystems. Our objective was to identify and characterize compounds with antifungal activity produced by A. humicola M9-1A. Arthrobacter humicola culture filtrates were tested for antifungal activity in vitro and in vivo and a bioassay-guided approach was used to identify potential chemical determinants of its observed activity against molds. The filtrates reduced the development of lesions of Alternaria rot on tomatoes and the ethyl acetate extract inhibited growth of Alternaria alternata. A compound, arthropeptide B [cyclo-(L-Leu, L-Phe, L-Ala, L-Tyr)], was purified from the ethyl acetate extract of the bacterium. Arthropeptide B is a new chemical structure reported for the first time and has shown antifungal activity against A. alternata spore germination and mycelial growth.</p>","PeriodicalId":15346,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemical Ecology","volume":" ","pages":"528-536"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9637143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}