Journal of Chemotherapy最新文献

{"title":"The relationship between body mass index and survival in patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with nivolumab.","authors":"Rumeysa Çolak, İlkay Gültürk, Gülhan Dinç, Goncagül Akdağ, Sedat Yıldırım, Mesut Yılmaz, Deniz Tural","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2469371","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2469371","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Immunotherapies have increased the therapeutic options for patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC), but the absence of prognostic indicators remains unresolved. We assessed the potential association of BMI with the overall survival (OS) of patients treated with nivolumab.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective study of 126 patients with histologically confirmed mRCC who began systemic ICI therapy between January 2016 and April 2022 were included. BMI at the time of treatment start was calculated. Then patients were divided into two groups: high BMI (≥25) and low BMI (<25). Therapeutic responses were determined according to RECIST v1.1. OS was defined as the time from starting ICI treatment until death or last follow-up at the data cutoff.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The cohort was male 74.6%, with a median age of 62. The median follow-up time was 18.6 months. The patients were classified as low BMI (<25) and high BMI (≥25). The OS was 40.6 months (95% CI: 34.2-47.0) for patients with high BMI vs. 9.4 months (95% CI: 7.0-11.7) for patients with low BMI, and a significant association was found between BMI and OS (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>BMI was an independent prognostic factor in the patients with mRCC treated with nivolumab. Prospective and multicenter research is needed to confirm our findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"162-168"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143483322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical benefit of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors for poor performance status patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer.","authors":"Junji Koyama, Masahiro Morise, Ichidai Tanaka, Sho Hori, Reiko Matsuzawa, Sachiko Ozone, Akihiro Matsushita, Masaki Matsuo, Shuichi Asano, Taro Tanaka, Koichiro Shima, Tomoki Kimura, Koji Sakamoto, Yasuhiro Kondoh, Naozumi Hashimoto","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2481349","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2481349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The benefit of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand-1 (PD-L1) inhibitors remains unclear in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with poor performance status (PS). In the current multi-centre retrospective cohort study, advanced or recurrent NSCLC patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors were enrolled. Of the 219 patients enrolled, 44 had PS 2-4. The objective response rate (ORR) of patients with PS 2-4 in 1^st line was 33%. Among 1^st line group, median progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with PS 2 was significantly longer compared to that in patients with PS 3-4 (15.3 months vs. 0.9 months, P = 0.039, Log-rank test). Among previously treated patients, the ORR of patients with PS 2-4 was only 4%, and PFS and overall survival was poor even in patients with PS 2. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors can be an option for PS 2 NSCLC patients in 1^st line setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"177-186"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143700504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Concurrent inhibition of FLT3 and sphingosine kinase-1 triggers synergistic cytotoxicity in midostaurin resistant FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia cells via blocking FLT3/STAT5A signaling to induce apoptosis.","authors":"Melisa Tecik, Aysun Adan","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2478340","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2478340","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) is one of the most frequent mutations observed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) which contributes to disease progression and unfavorable prognosis. Midostaurin, a small FLT3 inhibitor (FLT3I), is clinically approved. However, patients generally possess acquired resistance when midostaurin used alone. Shifting the balance in the sphingolipid rheostat toward anti-apoptotic sphingosine kinase-1 (SK-1) or glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) is related to therapy resistance in cancer, however, their role in midostaurin resistant FLT3-ITD positive AML has not been previously investigated. We generated midostaurin resistant MV4-11 and MOLM-13 cell lines which showed increased IC₅₀ values compared to their sensitive partner cells. SK-1 is overexpressed in resistant cells while GCS remains unchanged. Subsequent pharmacological targeting of SK-1 in resistant cells decreased SK-1 protein level, inhibited cell proliferation and showed additive or synergistic effect on cell growth, as confirmed by the Chou-Talalay combination index, and induced G0/G1 arrest (PI staining by flow cytometry). Cotreatment (SKI-II plus midostaurin) triggered apoptosis <i>via</i> phosphatidylserine exposure (annexin V/PI double staining). Mechanistically, induction of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis was confirmed as increased activating cleavages of caspase-3 and PARP and increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratios. Activating phosphorylations of FLT3 (at tyrosine residue 591) and STAT5A (at tyrosine residue 694) dramatically inhibited in resistant cells treated with the combination. In conclusion, midostaurin resistance could be reversed by dual SK-1 and FLT3 inhibition in midostaurin resistant AML cell lines, providing the first evidence of a novel treatment approach to re-sensitize FLT3-ITD positive AML.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"145-161"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143677042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neural networks for the prediction of bacterial and fungal infections: current evidence and implications.","authors":"Cristina Marelli, Daniele Roberto Giacobbe, Alessandro Limongelli, Sabrina Guastavino, Cristina Campi, Michele Piana, Matteo Bassetti","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2492960","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2492960","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present narrative review, we discuss the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) for predicting bacterial and fungal infections based on commonly available clinical and laboratory data, focusing on promises and challenges of these machine learning models. For predicting different bacterial or fungal infections from data commonly found in electronical medical records, ANN models may reach, based on current literature, an acceptable performance for discriminating between infected and non-infected patients, and outperformed other machine learning (ML)-based models in 38.3% of the retrieved studies evaluating at least another ML approach. In the near future, as for other ML models, the use of ANNs could be leveraged to provide real-time support to clinicians in clinical decision-making processes, although further research is needed in terms of quality of data and explainability of ANN model predictions to better understand whether and how these techniques can be safely adopted in everyday clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"97-124"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143973261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cytofluorimetric study of cerebrospinal fluid at staging of diffuse large B cell lymphoma.","authors":"O Annibali, C Bancone, V Tomarchio, G Colafranceschi, M Tafuri, I Del Principe, M Mele, F Fazio, L Rigacci","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2644713","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2644713","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Central nervous system (CNS) involvement is a devastating manifestation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), historically associated with poor outcomes. However, the criteria for accurately identifying patients at highest risk of leptomeningeal involvement at diagnosis or of future CNS relapse remain unclear. Currently, the Central Nervous System-International Prognostic Index (CNS-IPI) score is widely used at diagnosis to identify patients at increased risk of CNS relapse. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis at diagnosis in relation to subsequent CNS recurrence. As part of the staging procedures for DLBCL, we performed diagnostic CSF analyses-including immunophenotyping, morphological evaluation, and chemical-physical examination. Between 2010 and 2023, we conducted 87 lumbar punctures for CSF collection. The median patient age was 54 years (range 48-61). CSF immunophenotyping and morphology were positive in 2 of 87 patients (2%). CNS-IPI was evaluable in 86 patients: 20 (23%) were low-risk, 47 (55%) intermediate-risk, and 19 (22%) high-risk. During follow-up, 17 patients experienced disease progression or relapse: 15 had systemic relapse, and 2 had CNS relapse. The 2-year cumulative incidence of CNS relapse was 2.2%, with a median time to progression of 10 months (IQR 6-15). CNS prophylaxis with intrathecal methotrexate or high-dose intravenous methotrexate was administered to 40 patients (46%). At a median follow-up of 40 months, 72 patients were alive and 15 had died. Although the number of CNS events was low, high-risk CNS-IPI was significantly associated with CNS relapse (<i>p</i> = 0.04), whereas CSF immunophenotyping and morphology at diagnosis were not. Notably, both patients who developed CNS relapse had received prophylaxis-one with intrathecal methotrexate and the other with high-dose intravenous methotrexate following R-CHOP. CSF analysis at diagnosis using immunophenotyping, morphology, and chemical-physical evaluation was not predictive of CNS recurrence. Moreover, CSF positivity at diagnosis is exceedingly rare, even among patients with high CNS-IPI. Our findings reinforce that CNS-IPI remains the most reliable predictor of CNS relapse in DLBCL.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147592572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pembrolizumab associated immune thrombocytopenia.","authors":"Perihan Perkin, Serhat Sekmek, Dogan Bayram, Fahriye Tugba Kos","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2468045","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2025.2468045","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized cancer treatment but are associated with immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Pembrolizumab, an anti-PD-1 antibody, is widely used in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), yet immune thrombocytopenia remains a rare but potentially fatal complication. We report a case of a 55-year-old male with metastatic NSCLC who developed pembrolizumab-associated immune thrombocytopenia. The patient initially responded well to combination therapy with pembrolizumab, carboplatin, and pemetrexed, achieving a metabolic complete response. However, after several cycles, he experienced recurrent grade 3 thrombocytopenia. Immune thrombocytopenia was suspected and managed with corticosteroids, leading to platelet recovery. Upon pembrolizumab rechallenge, thrombocytopenia recurred, necessitating permanent discontinuation of pembrolizumab while continuing pemetrexed maintenance. This case underscores the need for early recognition and prompt management of ICI-induced thrombocytopenia to ensure patient safety while optimizing oncologic outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"194-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143458199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) associated with immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a real-world study of the FDA adverse event reporting system.","authors":"Xia Yang, Ming Hu, Quanyao Feng, Diwei Mo, Fuzhen Feng, Luwen Lei, Xingxi Pan","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2646812","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2646812","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>While immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-related adverse effects have gained increasing attention, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) remains understudied. This retrospective study analyzed the FAERS database from 2011 to 2025 using disproportionality analyses to investigate the association between ICIs and immune-mediated DIC. A total of 501 DIC reports associated with ICIs were identified, with male predominance and death as the most frequent serious outcome (276 cases). Anti-CTLA-4 agents, particularly Ipilimumab, exhibited the strongest signal association with DIC. The median time to onset was 23.5 days. Reporting frequency of DIC associated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 drugs decreased over time, while remaining constant for anti-CTLA-4 agents. This pharmacovigilance analysis identifies a significant signal for DIC following ICI therapy, providing clinicians with critical insights into this potential adverse event and underscoring the need for optimized management to mitigate fatal outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147574260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term neurotoxicity trajectory in patients with thoracic cancers receiving triweekly albumin-bound paclitaxel.","authors":"Yi Huang, Lijuan Feng, Jing Hu, Fan Zeng","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2630448","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2630448","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study aimed to investigate the short-term trajectory of peripheral neuropathy in patients receiving triweekly albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-paclitaxel) chemotherapy. 235 patients were recruited from March to August 2024, of whom 65.1% developed neuropathy. Peripheral neuropathy was assessed at baseline (the first day of chemotherapy) and on days 3, 7, 14, and 21. Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify two distinct trajectories of neuropathy: a rise-then-decline group and a gradual-increase group. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that patients with an increased cumulative dose (per 200 mg increment: odds ratio [OR] = 1.52; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28-1.78), anemia (OR = 2.68; 95% CI: 1.30-5.52), and age < 60 years (OR = 2.17; 95% CI: 1.03-4.60) were more likely to belong to the rise-then-decline trajectory group. Clinicians should closely monitor symptom severity between 7 and 14 days post-chemotherapy. In older patients, combining patient-reported outcomes with clinical functional assessments may help detect subtle sensory neuropathic changes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of anthracyclines on arteriosclerosis and the protective effect of dexrazoxane in breast cancer patients.","authors":"Demet Isik Bayraktar, Recep Turkel, Guzin Demirag","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2635797","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2635797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anthracyclines are essential agents in the treatment of breast cancer. This study investigated the effect of anthracyclines on arteriosclerosis. The study group consisted of 60 patients not receiving anticoagulants and was divided into two groups: a treatment group (<i>n</i> = 30) receiving dexrazoxane and a control group (<i>n</i> = 30) not receiving dexrazoxane. Basal oscillometric arterial and echocardiographic cardiac parameters were recorded prior to and one month following the completion of chemotherapy protocols. In the dexrazoxane group, only left ventricular end-diastolic pressure increased in pre- and post-treatment measurements (<i>p</i> = 0.008). In the control group, a decrease in ejection fraction (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and an increase in left ventricular end-diastolic and left ventricular end-systolic pressure and left atrial anteroposterior diameter (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were observed. The PWV value was significantly increased in the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In patients who have received anthracyclines, dexrazoxane was protective against arteriosclerosis as demonstrated by statistically significant changes in aortic stiffness and PWV values.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147443792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of risk factors for infusion-related reactions in patients with B-cell lymphoma during obinutuzumab treatment.","authors":"Zi Wang, Yan Zhang, Danqing Zhao, Chong Wei, Wei Wang, Daobin Zhou, Wei Zhang","doi":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2640329","DOIUrl":"10.1080/1120009X.2026.2640329","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the risk factors associated with infusion-related reactions (IRRs) in B-cell lymphoma patients receiving obinutuzumab. A retrospective analysis of Peking Union Medical College Hospital patients (January 2021-December 2024) was conducted to examine factors between patients experiencing IRRs (<i>n</i> = 44) and those without (<i>n</i> = 56). Parameters included gender, age, histological subtype, treatment status, Ann Arbor staging, extranodal/bone marrow involvement, bulky disease, splenomegaly status, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), beta-2 microglobulin (β₂MG) concentrations, and lymphocyte count. 100 patients (48 men, 52 women) with a mean age of 55.7 years (range: 44-67) received obinutuzumab. Univariate analyses showed higher prevalence of bone marrow involvement and splenomegaly in the IRR group. Median LDH (235 <i>vs.</i> 195) and β₂MG (4 vs. 3) levels pre-treatment were significantly elevated in the IRR group (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis identified splenomegaly and pre-treatment LDH levels as IRR risk factors. This research assists in predicting IRRs to improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":15338,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Chemotherapy","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147390125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}