The Lancet. Global health最新文献

{"title":"Primary health care is not just a service delivery platform - Authors' reply.","authors":"Kara Hanson, Dina Balabanova, Timothy Powell-Jackson, Nouria Brikci, Darius Erlangga","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00282-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00282-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1094"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40526106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Queering global health: a feminist and lesbian, gay, and bisexual perspective.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00237-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00237-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1095"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40526107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cotrimoxazole guidelines for infants who are HIV-exposed but uninfected: a call for a public health and ethics approach to the evidence.","authors":"Brodie Daniels,&nbsp;Louise Kuhn,&nbsp;Elizabeth Spooner,&nbsp;Helen Mulol,&nbsp;Ameena Goga,&nbsp;Ute Feucht,&nbsp;Sabiha Y Essack,&nbsp;Anna Coutsoudis","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00120-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00120-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>WHO first recommended cotrimoxazole prophylaxis for all infants who are HIV-exposed but uninfected (HEU) in 2000, given the ability of this treatment to prevent mortality from pneumocystis pneumonia in adults living with HIV. Over the last 21 years, evidence has been generated from the use of cotrimoxazole prophylaxis in infants who are HEU, including two randomised controlled trials, which have shown no clinical benefit and an increase in antibiotic resistance and microbiome dysbiosis. Additionally, improvements in health care over the last two decades in terms of antiretroviral treatment and prophylaxis for mothers and infants, and notably improved vaccination programmes, have substantially reduced the risk of HIV transmission and the overall morbidity and mortality of infants who are HEU from pneumonia and diarrhoeal diseases. Here, we highlight these changes in health care alongside the unchanged cotrimoxazole prophylaxis guidelines and call for a change in these guidelines on the basis of a public health and ethics approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1198-e1203"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40606992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combating antimicrobial resistance in neonatal infections: a South African perspective.","authors":"Dharshni Pillay","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00288-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00288-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1082-e1083"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40526103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research ethics systems in Latin America and the Caribbean: a systemic assessment using indicators.","authors":"Bernardo Aguilera,&nbsp;Sarah Carracedo,&nbsp;Carla Saenz","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00128-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00128-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To strengthen research ethics systemically, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) devised a strategy that includes objectives and indicators to address core components of research ethics systems. We assessed 22 countries in Latin America and the Caribbean using these indicators. Most countries have adopted legal instruments to govern research with human participants and have implemented national bodies tasked with the oversight of research ethics committees. However, performance with regard to ethics training policies and clinical trial registration was less advanced, and efforts to adopt policies on responsible conduct of research and accelerated ethics review of emergency research did not meet the PAHO objectives in most countries. We discuss the pending challenges and provide recommendations aimed at helping countries from Latin America and the Caribbean to achieve the indicators, and, more generally, to strengthen research ethics with a systemic approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1204-e1208"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39986381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conditional cash transfers for neglected tropical diseases.","authors":"Lorenzo Savioli","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00253-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00253-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1097"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9296653/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40526109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary health care is not just a service delivery platform.","authors":"Luke N Allen","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00280-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00280-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1092-e1093"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40526105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Global Retinoblastoma Outcome Study: a prospective, cluster-based analysis of 4064 patients from 149 countries.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00250-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00250-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer worldwide. There is some evidence to suggest that major differences exist in treatment outcomes for children with retinoblastoma from different regions, but these differences have not been assessed on a global scale. We aimed to report 3-year outcomes for children with retinoblastoma globally and to investigate factors associated with survival.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We did a prospective cluster-based analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed between Jan 1, 2017, and Dec 31, 2017, then treated and followed up for 3 years. Patients were recruited from 260 specialised treatment centres worldwide. Data were obtained from participating centres on primary and additional treatments, duration of follow-up, metastasis, eye globe salvage, and survival outcome. We analysed time to death and time to enucleation with Cox regression models.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>The cohort included 4064 children from 149 countries. The median age at diagnosis was 23·2 months (IQR 11·0-36·5). Extraocular tumour spread (cT4 of the cTNMH classification) at diagnosis was reported in five (0·8%) of 636 children from high-income countries, 55 (5·4%) of 1027 children from upper-middle-income countries, 342 (19·7%) of 1738 children from lower-middle-income countries, and 196 (42·9%) of 457 children from low-income countries. Enucleation surgery was available for all children and intravenous chemotherapy was available for 4014 (98·8%) of 4064 children. The 3-year survival rate was 99·5% (95% CI 98·8-100·0) for children from high-income countries, 91·2% (89·5-93·0) for children from upper-middle-income countries, 80·3% (78·3-82·3) for children from lower-middle-income countries, and 57·3% (52·1-63·0) for children from low-income countries. On analysis, independent factors for worse survival were residence in low-income countries compared to high-income countries (hazard ratio 16·67; 95% CI 4·76-50·00), cT4 advanced tumour compared to cT1 (8·98; 4·44-18·18), and older age at diagnosis in children up to 3 years (1·38 per year; 1·23-1·56). For children aged 3-7 years, the mortality risk decreased slightly (p=0·0104 for the change in slope).</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>This study, estimated to include approximately half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017, shows profound inequity in survival of children depending on the national income level of their country of residence. In high-income countries, death from retinoblastoma is rare, whereas in low-income countries estimated 3-year survival is just over 50%. Although essential treatments are available in nearly all countries, early diagnosis and treatment in low-income countries are key to improving survival outcomes.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>Queen Elizabeth Diamond Jubilee Trust.</p>","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1128-e1140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9397647/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40606993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The African Medicines Agency: the key to unlocking clinical research in Africa.","authors":"Lenias Hwenda,&nbsp;Michel Sidibe,&nbsp;Michael Makanga","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00243-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00243-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1088-e1089"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39986380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forging new paths in measuring quality to improve cancer care.","authors":"The Lancet Global Health","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00291-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00291-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1073"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40526099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}