The Lancet. Global health最新文献

{"title":"What gets measured does not always get done - Authors' reply.","authors":"Billie Giles-Corti, James F Sallis, Melanie Lowe, Deepti Adlakha, Ester Cerin, Geoff Boeing, Jonathan Arundel, Carl Higgs, Shiqin Lui, Anne Vernez Moudon, Erica Hinckson, Deborah Salvo","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00315-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00315-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1236"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40607760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Payment of community health workers.","authors":"Madeleine Ballard, Margaret Odera, Shreya Bhatt, Beth Geoffrey, Carey Westgate, Ari Johnson","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00311-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00311-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1242"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40607764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-care-associated bloodstream and urinary tract infections in a network of hospitals in India: a multicentre, hospital-based, prospective surveillance study.","authors":"Purva Mathur,&nbsp;Paul Malpiedi,&nbsp;Kamini Walia,&nbsp;Padmini Srikantiah,&nbsp;Sunil Gupta,&nbsp;Ayush Lohiya,&nbsp;Arunaloke Chakrabarti,&nbsp;Pallab Ray,&nbsp;Manisha Biswal,&nbsp;Neelam Taneja,&nbsp;Priscilla Rupali,&nbsp;Veeraraghavan Balaji,&nbsp;Camilla Rodrigues,&nbsp;Vijaya Lakshmi Nag,&nbsp;Vibhor Tak,&nbsp;Vimala Venkatesh,&nbsp;Chiranjay Mukhopadhyay,&nbsp;Vijayshri Deotale,&nbsp;Kanne Padmaja,&nbsp;Chand Wattal,&nbsp;Sanjay Bhattacharya,&nbsp;Tadepalli Karuna,&nbsp;Bijayini Behera,&nbsp;Sanjeev Singh,&nbsp;Reema Nath,&nbsp;Raja Ray,&nbsp;Sujata Baveja,&nbsp;Bashir A Fomda,&nbsp;Khumanthem Sulochana Devi,&nbsp;Padma Das,&nbsp;Neeta Khandelwal,&nbsp;Prachi Verma,&nbsp;Prithwis Bhattacharyya,&nbsp;Rajni Gaind,&nbsp;Lata Kapoor,&nbsp;Neil Gupta,&nbsp;Aditya Sharma,&nbsp;Daniel VanderEnde,&nbsp;Valan Siromany,&nbsp;Kayla Laserson,&nbsp;Randeep Guleria","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00274-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00274-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Health-care-associated infections (HAIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality globally, including in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). Networks of hospitals implementing standardised HAI surveillance can provide valuable data on HAI burden, and identify and monitor HAI prevention gaps. Hospitals in many LMICs use HAI case definitions developed for higher-resourced settings, which require human resources and laboratory and imaging tests that are often not available.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A network of 26 tertiary-level hospitals in India was created to implement HAI surveillance and prevention activities. Existing HAI case definitions were modified to facilitate standardised, resource-appropriate surveillance across hospitals. Hospitals identified health-care-associated bloodstream infections and urinary tract infections (UTIs) and reported clinical and microbiological data to the network for analysis.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>26 network hospitals reported 2622 health-care-associated bloodstream infections and 737 health-care-associated UTIs from 89 intensive care units (ICUs) between May 1, 2017, and Oct 31, 2018. Central line-associated bloodstream infection rates were highest in neonatal ICUs (>20 per 1000 central line days). Catheter-associated UTI rates were highest in paediatric medical ICUs (4·5 per 1000 urinary catheter days). Klebsiella spp (24·8%) were the most frequent organism in bloodstream infections and Candida spp (29·4%) in UTIs. Carbapenem resistance was common in Gram-negative infections, occurring in 72% of bloodstream infections and 76% of UTIs caused by Klebsiella spp, 77% of bloodstream infections and 76% of UTIs caused by Acinetobacter spp, and 64% of bloodstream infections and 72% of UTIs caused by Pseudomonas spp.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>The first standardised HAI surveillance network in India has succeeded in implementing locally adapted and context-appropriate protocols consistently across hospitals and has been able to identify a large number of HAIs. Network data show high HAI and antimicrobial resistance rates in tertiary hospitals, showing the importance of implementing multimodal HAI prevention and antimicrobial resistance containment strategies.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention cooperative agreement with All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi.</p><p><strong>Translation: </strong>For the Hindi translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.</p>","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1317-e1325"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40609657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A combined qSOFA-lactate model for sepsis-related mortality prediction: a small step towards an elusive answer?","authors":"Rahuldeb Sarkar","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00304-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00304-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1214-e1215"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40607753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Achieving basic rights in health-care facilities in low-income countries.","authors":"Eilish Hannah,&nbsp;Bernadette O'Hare,&nbsp;Marisol Lopez,&nbsp;Stephen Hall","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00255-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00255-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1243"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40607765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health-care-associated infection surveillance in India.","authors":"Manoj V Murhekar,&nbsp;Cp Girish Kumar","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00317-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00317-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1222-e1223"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40607756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infectious aetiologies of neonatal illness in south Asia classified using WHO definitions: a primary analysis of the ANISA study.","authors":"Melissa L Arvay, Nong Shang, Shamim A Qazi, Gary L Darmstadt, Mohammad Shahidul Islam, Daniel E Roth, Anran Liu, Nicholas E Connor, Belal Hossain, Qazi Sadeq-Ur Rahman, Shams El Arifeen, Luke C Mullany, Anita K M Zaidi, Zulfiqar A Bhutta, Sajid B Soofi, Yasir Shafiq, Abdullah H Baqui, Dipak K Mitra, Pinaki Panigrahi, Kalpana Panigrahi, Anuradha Bose, Rita Isaac, Daniel Westreich, Steven R Meshnick, Samir K Saha, Stephanie J Schrag","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00244-3","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00244-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Globally, neonatal mortality accounts for almost half of all deaths in children younger than 5 years. Aetiological agents of neonatal infection are difficult to identify because the clinical signs are non-specific. Using data from the Aetiology of Neonatal Infections in south Asia (ANISA) cohort, we aimed to describe the spectrum of infectious aetiologies of acute neonatal illness categorised post-hoc using the 2015 WHO case definitions of critical illness, clinical severe infection, and fast breathing only.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eligible infants were aged 0-59 days with possible serious bacterial infection and healthy infants enrolled in the ANISA study in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. We applied a partial latent class Bayesian model to estimate the prevalence of 27 pathogens detectable on PCR, pathogens detected by blood culture only, and illness not attributed to any infectious aetiology. Infants with at least one clinical specimen available were included in the analysis. We assessed the prevalence of these aetiologies according to WHO's case definitions of critically ill, clinical severe infection, and infants with late onset, isolated fast breathing. For the clinical severe definition, we compared the prevalence of signs by bacterial versus viral aetiology.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>There were 934 infants (992 episodes) in the critically ill category, 3769 (4000 episodes) in the clinical severe infection category, and 738 (771 episodes) in the late-onset isolated fast breathing category. We estimated the proportion of illness attributable to bacterial infection was 32·7% in infants in the critically ill group, 15·6% in the clinical severe infection group, and 8·8% among infants with late-onset isolated fast breathing group. An infectious aetiology was not identified in 58-82% of infants in these categories. Among 4000 episodes of clinical severe infection, those with bacterial versus viral attribution had higher proportions of hypothermia, movement only when stimulated, convulsions, and poor feeding.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Our modelled results generally support the revised WHO case definitions, although a revision of the most severe case definition could be considered. Clinical criteria do not clearly differentiate between young infants with and without infectious aetiologies. Our results highlight the need for improved point-of-care diagnostics, and further study into neonatal deaths and episodes with no identified aetiology, to ensure antibiotic stewardship and targeted interventions.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.</p>","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1289-e1297"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9380253/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40609741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Refugees and migrants: overexposed yet unseen.","authors":"The Lancet Global Health","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00329-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00329-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1209"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40607750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Post-COVID-19 condition: current evidence and unanswered questions.","authors":"Olufemi Erinoso","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00323-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00323-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1210-e1211"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9363039/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40607751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Typhoid conjugate vaccine: are we heading towards the elimination of typhoid in endemic countries?","authors":"Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai,&nbsp;Anita Elizabeth Heywood","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00328-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00328-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1224-e1225"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40607757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}