The Lancet. Global health最新文献

{"title":"Securing Global Fund Replenishment to avoid another Cassandra moment.","authors":"Michael Reid, Eric Goosby","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00392-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00392-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1553-e1554"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40360881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10: e1204-08.","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00418-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00418-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1565"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40386072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorectal cancer screening with fecal immunochemical testing in Nigeria.","authors":"Onyema Greg Chido-Amajuoyi","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00393-X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00393-X","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1561"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33539333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Safety and efficacy of oral fexinidazole in children with gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: a multicentre, single-arm, open-label, phase 2-3 trial.","authors":"Victor Kande Betu Kumesu, Wilfried Mutombo Kalonji, Clélia Bardonneau, Olaf Valverde Mordt, Digas Ngolo Tete, Séverine Blesson, François Simon, Sophie Delhomme, Sonja Bernhard, Pathou Nganzobo Ngima, Hélène Mahenzi Mbembo, Jean-Pierre Fina Lubaki, Steven Lumeya Vuvu, Willy Kuziena Mindele, Médard Ilunga Wa Kyhi, Guylain Mandula Mokenge, Lewis Kaninda Badibabi, Augustin Kasongo Bonama, Papy Kavunga Lukula, Crispin Lumbala, Bruno Scherrer, Nathalie Strub-Wourgaft, Antoine Tarral","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00338-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00338-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fexinidazole has been reported as an effective oral monotherapy against non-severe gambiense human African trypanosomiasis in a recent trial in adults. We aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of fexinidazole in children across all disease stages of gambiense human African trypanosomiasis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We did a multicentre, single-arm, open-label, phase 2-3 trial at eight district hospitals in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We recruited children with a Karnofsky score of more than 50, those aged 6 years to younger than 15 years, weighing 20 kg or more, and with confirmed gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (any stage). Children weighing 20 kg or more and less than 35 kg received oral fexinidazole of 1200 mg (two × 600 mg tablets) once per day for 4 days (days 1-4) followed by 600 mg (one × 600 mg tablet) once per day for 6 days (days 5-10). Children weighing 35 kg or more received oral fexinidazole of 1800 mg (three × 600 mg tablets) once per day for 4 days (days 1-4), followed by 1200 mg (two × 600 mg tablets) once per day for 6 days (days 5-10). The primary endpoint was fexinidazole treatment success rate 12 months after end of treatment. A rate greater than 80% was deemed acceptable and a target value of 92% was aimed for. Safety was assessed through routine monitoring. This study is completed and registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02184689.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Between May 3, 2014, and Nov 22, 2016, we screened a total of 130 paediatric patients, of whom 125 (96%) received at least one dose of fexinidazole. All 125 patients (69 [55%] patients with stage 1, 19 [15%] with early stage 2, and 37 [30%] with late stage 2 gambiense human African trypanosomiasis) completed the 10-day treatment. Treatment success rate at 12 months was 97·6% (95% CI 93·1-99·5; 122 of 125 patients). The primary endpoint was met and the targeted value of 92% was exceeded. Treatment success at 12 months was elevated across all disease stages: 98·6% (95% CI 92·2-99·9; 68 of 69 patients) in stage 1, 94·7% (74·0-99·9; 18 of 19 patients) in early stage 2, and 97·3% (85·8-99·9; 36 of 37 patients) in late stage 2 gambiense human African trypanosomiasis. No new safety issues were observed beyond those found in adult trials. Overall, 116 (93%) of 125 patients reported 586 treatment-emergent adverse events, mainly mild or moderate. The most frequently reported treatment-emergent adverse events of interest during hospital admission were vomiting (86 [69%] of 125) and headache (41 [33%]). Seven (6%) of 125 patients had severe malaria, which was often accompanied by anaemia that was unrelated to fexinidazole. One patient died following dyspnoea and injury due to traumatic aggression 172 days after end of treatment, which was considered unrelated to fexinidazole or gambiense human African trypanosomiasis.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>Oral fexinidazole is a safe and effective first-line tre","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1665-e1674"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9554014/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40386073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isoniazid prophylaxis: highly effective but underutilised to prevent tuberculosis in people living with HIV.","authors":"Lara Vojnov, W D Francois Venter","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00408-9","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00408-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1549-e1550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9577481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33539329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Migrants and displaced people: intentionally endangered and inconsistently visible.","authors":"James Smith","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00409-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00409-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1564"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33539336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underestimated COVID-19 mortality in WHO African region - Authors' reply.","authors":"Joseph Waogodo Cabore, Humphrey Karamagi, Hillary Kipchumba Kipruto, Joseph Kyalo Mungatu, James Avoka Asamani, Benson Droti, Regina Titi-Ofei, Aminata Binetou Wahebine Seydi, Solyana Ngusbrhan Kidane, Thierno Balde, Abdou Salam Gueye, Lindiwe Makubalo, Matshidiso R Moeti","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00415-6","DOIUrl":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00415-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1560"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9553201/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33539332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underestimated COVID-19 mortality in WHO African region.","authors":"Debbie Bradshaw, Robert Dorrington, Tom Moultrie, Pam Groenewald, Harry Moultrie","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00425-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00425-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1559"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9553192/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33539331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Divergent age patterns of under-5 mortality in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa: a modelling study.","authors":"Andrea Verhulst,&nbsp;Julio Romero Prieto,&nbsp;Nurul Alam,&nbsp;Hallie Eilerts-Spinelli,&nbsp;Daniel J Erchick,&nbsp;Patrick Gerland,&nbsp;Joanne Katz,&nbsp;Bruno Lankoande,&nbsp;Li Liu,&nbsp;Gilles Pison,&nbsp;Georges Reniers,&nbsp;Seema Subedi,&nbsp;Francisco Villavicencio,&nbsp;Michel Guillot","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00337-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00337-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Understanding the age pattern of under-5 mortality is essential for identifying the most vulnerable ages and underlying causes of death, and for assessing why the decline in child mortality is slower in some countries and subnational areas than others. The aim of this study is to detect age patterns of under-5 mortality that are specific to low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this modelling study, we used data from 277 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHSs), 58 Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems (HDSSs), two cohort studies, and two sample-registration systems. From these sources, we collected child date of birth and date of death (or age at death) from LMICs between 1966 and 2020. We computed 22 deaths rates from each survey with the following age breakdowns: 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days; 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 18, and 21 months; and 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. We assessed how probabilities of dying estimated for the 22 age groups deviated from predictions generated by a vital registration model that reflects the historical mortality of 25 high-income countries.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>We calculated mortality rates of 81 LMICs between 1966 and 2020. In contrast with the other regions of the world, we found that under-5 mortality in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa was characterised by increased mortality at both ends of the age range (ie, younger than 28 days and older than 6 months) at a given level of mortality. Observed mortality in these regions was up to 2 times higher than predicted by the vital registration model for the younger-than-28 days age bracket, and up to 10 times higher than predicted for the older-than-6 months age bracket. This age pattern of under-5 mortality is significant in 17 countries in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. Excess mortality in children older than 6 months without excess mortality in children younger than 28 days was found in 38 countries. In south Asia, results were consistent across data sources. In sub-Saharan Africa, excess mortality in children younger than 28 days was found mostly in DHSs; the majority of HDSSs did not show this excess mortality. We have attributed this difference in data sources mainly to omissions of early deaths in HDSSs.</p><p><strong>Interpretation: </strong>In countries with age patterns of under-5 mortality that diverge from predictions, evidence-based public health interventions should focus on the causes of excess of mortality; notably, the effect of fetal growth restriction and infectious diseases. The age pattern of under-5 mortality will be instrumental in assessing progress towards the decline of under-5 mortality and the Sustainable Development Goals.</p><p><strong>Funding: </strong>Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development of the National Institutes of Health.</p>","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1566-e1574"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/87/05/nihms-1842082.PMC9588693.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33458401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colorectal cancer screening with fecal immunochemical testing in Nigeria - Authors' reply.","authors":"Olusegun I Alatise,&nbsp;Anna J Dare,&nbsp;T Peter Kingham","doi":"10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00404-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(22)00404-1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":153380,"journal":{"name":"The Lancet. Global health","volume":" ","pages":"e1562"},"PeriodicalIF":34.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33539334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}